om e 's Ali a - Land ss De elo en - Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, India Office

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118 Women’s Alienation The basic change which is being effected regarding the land laws is that whereas earlier under the Land Acquisition Act, while acquiring land the Government had to prove that the land is being acquired for public good and is required to be acquired immediately, but this compulsion is now no longer there. The second change, which has taken place, is that whereas earlier there was a clear defined process of land acquisition, it is now governed by the needs and vested interests of the governments in the name of land bank, development and tourism. It is no longer necessary to serve the interests of the people. Third basic change has taken place in the sense that the compulsion of the maximum size of the land has been given a go– by. The provision like Ceiling Act has either been dumped or has become ineffective. Fourthly, the practice continues of using acquired land for other purposes than the ones originally slated for like putting industrial units, the forest land left out for the purpose of environment protection or land left out as green zones. Fifthly, the existing constitutional provisions to safeguard the land of marginal farmers, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are also being negated by passing new ordinances, orders and policies. It is very clear that the government has dumped its role of a welfare state and is increasingly catering to the interests of the corporates and land mafiosi. The constitutionally declared principles of socialism, democracy and equality have been given a go– by. This is reflected in the way the lands acquired by JDA, Town Development Boards of Udaipur and Alwar are being used for purposes other than originally declared. Even land reserved for ecological purposes has been diverted to other use. This is so when the government is spending crores of rupees on various schemes in the name of protecting the environment. Even the necessity to keep some space as an open area and maintain parks in residential areas is not being respected. The biggest source of income for JDA is the auction of the land, meaning that if JDA has to prosper it should acquire maximum land of maximum number of farmers and auction it for earning maximum profit out of it. It
is not only the JDA but the whole state which is engaged in the role of a middleman and is busy acquiring farmers’ land cheap and selling it to big capital investors for a profit. The result is that the agricultural land is being acquired and auctioned for making big malls and hotels. The laws are being changed to facilitate this. A rosy picture is being drawn to prevent the people from resisting this design. This is leading to marginalisation of the agenda of agriculture and livelihood. The peasantry which leads an honourable life is thus being forced to take the course of migrating to metropolis and is forced to live in slums. We must seriously think: • whether the ownership of the land acquired by the govt. and given to a businessman or industrialist rests with the govt. or the industrialist; • what kind of human, social or constitutional basis underlies the giving of land belonging to tribals, SCs, minorities and marginalised farmers to the rich and to industrialists. • will the acquired land, after being freed from the Ceiling Process of Land Alienation Act, remain in the possession of industrialists or will it be distributed among the landless by bringing it under the Ceiling Act? • is land a commodity to be sold or is it a source of earning a livelihood? • these are some of the main questions that are the matter of debate among the people in Rajasthan. How the whole system is increasingly getting anti-people is clear from the stand being taken by the Indian Judiciary on matters affecting the people. Take the instance of the apex court on the question of land acquisition. The Supreme Court, in one of important judgments, has said that if the Government acquires land, the notification of this acquisition cannot be challenged in a court. The Bench comprising Justice Ashok Bhan and Justice Dalvir Bhandari said that once the land is acquired, any petition filed against it shall not be tenable in the Court. Dismissing the petition filed to challenge the judgment of Rajasthan High Court which upheld the acquisition of land by the Govt. in Rajasthan, the Bench ruled that in 119
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Women’s Alienation - Land Less De
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© Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2009 T
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iv Study Team Balaji Pandey Jagaban
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vi In order to facilitate the discu
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Introduction Government machinery u
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Minimum Cost (APMC) Act will only d
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Table 1: Diversion of Agricultural
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The state of Uttarakhand has become
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hectares each, five of them in Alwa
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• t o a s s e s s w o m e n ’s
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Impact of Aggressive Growth Growing
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women’s rights with regard to lan
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the natural resources, suffer more.
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peculiar problem hitherto unheard o
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ole of breadwinners for the family,
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of livelihood. The affected people
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Women are turning to construction l
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According to a survey conducted by
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owned resource meant primarily for
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their source of livelihood - mainly
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Rs. 10,000 remained with her, thiev
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Corporation (NHPC) in 1980. The NHP
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Jharkhand now has become a hot belt
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factory owner and administration ke
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The state administration has arrest
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i.e. mixed population, urbanisation
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insisted on a dialogue only after N
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In sum, it was a total reign of ter
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was also organised involving samiti
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into a meeting. According to Rashmi
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and socio-cultural systems. Protect
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to a lathi-charge by the police. No
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six months extension to complete th
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did not include a leading protest g
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Organised Response Land Acquisition
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anner of ‘Save Mandana Struggle C
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Process of Land Alienation Jharkhan
Page 77 and 78: Interview: Dr Ram Dayal Munda Forme
Page 79 and 80: available land, power, water and co
Page 81 and 82: Process of Land Alienation Table 5:
Page 83 and 84: Chhattisgarh in 2000 needs to be se
Page 85 and 86: Table 8: Proposed New Large Industr
Page 87 and 88: The table shows clearly that the la
Page 89 and 90: the period from 2000 onwards witnes
Page 91 and 92: Process of Land Alienation New Proj
Page 93 and 94: Process of Land Alienation Pherroch
Page 95 and 96: under agriculture accounts for only
Page 97 and 98: when capitalism and imperialism had
Page 99 and 100: arred from using, are used by the s
Page 101 and 102: Process of Land Alienation Breeding
Page 103 and 104: Proposals Galore for Industries in
Page 105 and 106: Table 19: Diversions of Forests for
Page 107 and 108: Table 20: Land Grabbing in the Name
Page 109 and 110: ha. in the Garhwal zone. There are
Page 111 and 112: lots of employment opportunities fo
Page 113 and 114: Process of Land Alienation Table 22
Page 115 and 116: economic rights of Scheduled Castes
Page 117 and 118: esources in Rajasthan, having poten
Page 119 and 120: Table 23: Approved Sezs in Rajastha
Page 121 and 122: tourists and by the year 2012 an ad
Page 123 and 124: Table 25: Land to be Acquired by Ja
Page 125 and 126: Table 29: Land Acquired for Farmhou
Page 127: Process of Land Alienation Gardens
Page 131 and 132: will have to deposit 40 per cent of
Page 133 and 134: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendat
Page 135 and 136: state governments are promising all
Page 137 and 138: propounded and being put into pract
Page 139 and 140: y. The result is that the agricultu
Page 141 and 142: Selected Bibliography Selected Bibl
Page 143 and 144: Frontline (2007): Dark Side of Mini
Page 145 and 146: Selected Bibliography Ibid., (2004)
Page 147 and 148: Selected Bibliography Nayak, Ramesh
Page 149 and 150: Process of Land Alienation Shiva, D
Page 151 and 152: Process of Land Alienation Women an
Page 154: 2 Women’s Alienation
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om e 's Ali a - Land ss De elo en - Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, India Office

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