om e 's Ali a - Land ss De elo en - Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, India Office

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18 Women’s Alienation in tribal communities is understood as a sacred inheritance from the ancestors and the sons who inherit them are the custodians of this land. They do work on the land and draw their sustenance, but they also have a responsibility to safely hand over this property to the next generation. When the onslaught of development projects uproots them from their ancestral place, they are socially ruined. They are deprived of the same social and cultural meaning when they start living in another place. As a result, the well-knit social fabric of the rural community, which was a treasured property for centuries, gets completely shattered. Their society breaks. They find it difficult and often impossible to begin a new society where they can live with their old values, old relations and old meaning of life and women are the worst hit group due to breakdown of society. The social and cultural web or network gets dismantled after displacement and so does the support system the community has developed for years. The loss of land negatively contributes in the disruption of family bonds. The support and help the families provide to each other is not available after displacement. Vulnerable people such as widows and the elderly are left without any social support. Landless poor families also lose any kind of support they might be getting from the community. Women suffer the most due to displacement and the consequential breakdown of the social network. Men start drinking or increase drinking as a ‘coping’ mechanism. Violence against women at home also increases. As the man, who has lost his traditional occupation – farming, goes around looking for jobs, frustration builds up in him, which he takes out on the women of the house. The influx of hordes of outsiders in the area affects their cultural and social values. The material culture that the outsiders bring in along with them affects the locals. They start feeling inferior about their own culture. The culture of the group perceived as superior who are now their neighbours, is superimposed on them and here begins a cultural crisis. In other words the local society, which earlier had a distinctive culture, faces a
peculiar problem hitherto unheard of – that of cultural identity. The processions taken out in the heart of the capital city of Jharkhand during the traditional festivals like sarhul (festival of flowers), karam, jitia and others, mostly celebrated by local tribals and the sadans, is a new phenomenon. These processions are recent arrivals, which are also seen in Chhattisgarh and Orissa. Earlier, the communities celebrated their festivals in their respective villages with their own people. These processions could be seen as a frantic effort by the indigenous communities to save their age old festivals and culture, which are on the verge of extinction due to recent arrival of other cultures. At present, the traditional culture of Chotanagpur and also the tribal regions of western Orissa are passing through a very critical phase. Without caring for the local identity, new investors are forcing it to enter the domain of the exploitative ‘mainstream’. It is feared that the local culture will not be able to survive long. It is facing a serious crisis – the crisis of identity and existence. If proper care is not taken promptly, it will face extinction. The Impact of Aggressive Growth main factors leading to this pathetic situation are (a) abrupt uncongenial development plans, (b) land alienation and brutal exploitation, (c) hatred towards indigenous culture and (d) finance capital and capitalism. Homelessness This is the worst effect of any displacement. Uprooted from ancestral villages and homes due to displacement, the families do not know where to go and often live in small temporary houses with insufficient space and lack of basic amenities. Due to complete social change post-displacement, women and children face uncomfortable situations given the large presence of unfamiliar men. The temporary houses, which they initially put up with a thought of up-gradation, very often become their permanent homes. The displaced families were granted just Rs 20,000 as amount to build their houses. How big a house would a displaced person, whose family size is about five members on an average, make with this money? Some people who were better off especially nontribals could build their houses, 19
Page 1: Women’s Alienation - Land Less De
Page 4 and 5: © Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2009 T
Page 6 and 7: iv Study Team Balaji Pandey Jagaban
Page 8 and 9: vi In order to facilitate the discu
Page 11 and 12: Introduction Government machinery u
Page 13 and 14: Minimum Cost (APMC) Act will only d
Page 15 and 16: Table 1: Diversion of Agricultural
Page 17 and 18: The state of Uttarakhand has become
Page 19 and 20: hectares each, five of them in Alwa
Page 21 and 22: • t o a s s e s s w o m e n ’s
Page 23 and 24: Impact of Aggressive Growth Growing
Page 25 and 26: women’s rights with regard to lan
Page 27: the natural resources, suffer more.
Page 31 and 32: ole of breadwinners for the family,
Page 33 and 34: of livelihood. The affected people
Page 35 and 36: Women are turning to construction l
Page 37 and 38: According to a survey conducted by
Page 39 and 40: owned resource meant primarily for
Page 41 and 42: their source of livelihood - mainly
Page 43 and 44: Rs. 10,000 remained with her, thiev
Page 45 and 46: Corporation (NHPC) in 1980. The NHP
Page 47 and 48: Jharkhand now has become a hot belt
Page 49 and 50: factory owner and administration ke
Page 51 and 52: The state administration has arrest
Page 53 and 54: i.e. mixed population, urbanisation
Page 55 and 56: insisted on a dialogue only after N
Page 57 and 58: In sum, it was a total reign of ter
Page 59 and 60: was also organised involving samiti
Page 61 and 62: into a meeting. According to Rashmi
Page 63 and 64: and socio-cultural systems. Protect
Page 65 and 66: to a lathi-charge by the police. No
Page 67 and 68: six months extension to complete th
Page 69 and 70: did not include a leading protest g
Page 71 and 72: Organised Response Land Acquisition
Page 73 and 74: anner of ‘Save Mandana Struggle C
Page 75 and 76: Process of Land Alienation Jharkhan
Page 77 and 78: Interview: Dr Ram Dayal Munda Forme
Page 79 and 80:
available land, power, water and co
Page 81 and 82:
Process of Land Alienation Table 5:
Page 83 and 84:
Chhattisgarh in 2000 needs to be se
Page 85 and 86:
Table 8: Proposed New Large Industr
Page 87 and 88:
The table shows clearly that the la
Page 89 and 90:
the period from 2000 onwards witnes
Page 91 and 92:
Process of Land Alienation New Proj
Page 93 and 94:
Process of Land Alienation Pherroch
Page 95 and 96:
under agriculture accounts for only
Page 97 and 98:
when capitalism and imperialism had
Page 99 and 100:
arred from using, are used by the s
Page 101 and 102:
Process of Land Alienation Breeding
Page 103 and 104:
Proposals Galore for Industries in
Page 105 and 106:
Table 19: Diversions of Forests for
Page 107 and 108:
Table 20: Land Grabbing in the Name
Page 109 and 110:
ha. in the Garhwal zone. There are
Page 111 and 112:
lots of employment opportunities fo
Page 113 and 114:
Process of Land Alienation Table 22
Page 115 and 116:
economic rights of Scheduled Castes
Page 117 and 118:
esources in Rajasthan, having poten
Page 119 and 120:
Table 23: Approved Sezs in Rajastha
Page 121 and 122:
tourists and by the year 2012 an ad
Page 123 and 124:
Table 25: Land to be Acquired by Ja
Page 125 and 126:
Table 29: Land Acquired for Farmhou
Page 127 and 128:
Process of Land Alienation Gardens
Page 129 and 130:
is not only the JDA but the whole s
Page 131 and 132:
will have to deposit 40 per cent of
Page 133 and 134:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendat
Page 135 and 136:
state governments are promising all
Page 137 and 138:
propounded and being put into pract
Page 139 and 140:
y. The result is that the agricultu
Page 141 and 142:
Selected Bibliography Selected Bibl
Page 143 and 144:
Frontline (2007): Dark Side of Mini
Page 145 and 146:
Selected Bibliography Ibid., (2004)
Page 147 and 148:
Selected Bibliography Nayak, Ramesh
Page 149 and 150:
Process of Land Alienation Shiva, D
Page 151 and 152:
Process of Land Alienation Women an
Page 154:
2 Women’s Alienation
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om e 's Ali a - Land ss De elo en - Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, India Office

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