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Peptide-Based Active Immunotherapy in Cancer 113
Table 1 Investigational Peptide-Based Vaccines
Development
stage Biological/clinical activity Reference
Antigen Tumor type Strategy
81
55
13
Alpha-fetoprotein Liver cancer Monotherapy Phase I All of the six patients’ T-cell repertoire was capable
of recognizing alpha-fetoprotein as determined by
ELISPOT and MHC Class I tetramer assays
gp100 Melanoma Monotherapy Phase II No objective tumor responses or severe toxicities.
Four patients remained progression free for over
100 days. Ten of 21 patients had an increased
frequency of vaccine-specific, nonfunctional
cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
gp100 Melanoma Monotherapy Phase I/II CTL responses in 91% of patients. Clinical responses
in 42% of patients receiving the peptide vaccine
63
52
64
75
plus IL-2
gp100 Melanoma Combinatorial Phase I/II Two complete responses and one partial response in
(anti-CTLA-4
14 patients with stage IV melanoma that were
antibody)
maintained beyond 12 mo
gp100 Melanoma Monotherapy Phase I In vitro detection of successful immunization in 0 of
6 patients
gp100, MART- Melanoma Combinatorial Phase I Nine of 11 patients without autoimmune symptoms
1/Melan-A,
(anti-CTLA-4
had disease relapse, and 3 of 8 patients with
tyrosinase
antibody)
autoimmune symptoms had relapse
gp100 and
Melanoma Combinatorial Phase II Twenty out of 40 vaccinated patients had T-cell
tyrosinase
(tetanus helper
responses by ELISPOT. Disease-free survival was
peptide and IL-2)
50% for the gp100 group and 39% for the
tyrosinase group at 2 yr