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Index 213 Mice ERAAP in, 6–7 immunization of, 15 Microbial antigens, 141, 144 Microbial vectors, 152, 169, 170 as boosters, 173 Micrometastases, 160. See also Tumor cells Minimal residual disease (MRD), 78, 163 Minimal T-cell epitope, 14–15 MKC, 186, 190 MKC1106-PP, 195–196 Modified vaccinia virus Ankara, 138 Molecular imaging, multiplexed, 189 Molecularly targeted agents, 183 Molecular targeted therapies, 152. See also Biomarkers in new drugs development, 176 in tumor tissue, 166 Monoclonal antibodies (mAb), 152 antitumor activity of, 183 Montanide-ISA-720, adjuvant, 120 MPS160, 117 mRNA-based vectors, 173 MUC-1, tumor-associated antigen, 75 Multi-analyte IHC, 188–189 Multiparameter flow cytometry, 194–195 Multispectral imaging, 189 Mutated peptides, repertoire of, 71 Myocytes, transfected, 132, 133 antigen transfer with APCs to, 134 MyVax, 75 Natural killer (NK) cells, 88 Necrosis, 140 Nephrectomy vaccination, 73 NK cells. See Natural killer (NK) cells, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) GSK 1572932A in treatment of, 76 stage IIIB or IV, 75 N-terminal exopeptidases, 5–7 NY-ESO-1 peptides, 117 Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), adjuvants, 122 Oncogenes, 33 Oncophage, 73 OncoVAX, 73 Optimized approach, of investigational drugs, 172, 173, 177 OS. See Overall survival (OS) Osmotic lysis, of pinocytic vesicles, 119 Overall survival (OS) in cancer patients, 58, 59 as end points, 77–78 vaccine for, 73 PA28 complex, 4–5 PAP. See Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) Papillomavirus canine oral, 61 cottontail rabbit, 61 human, 56 associated malignancies, 61 VLP vaccine against, 60–62 Patient stratification, for immunotherapy, 183–185 PBMC. See Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) PCR-SSOP-Luminex method, for HLA genotyping, 190 PE. See Peripheral effector (PE) Peptidases, 2 Peptide ligands, altered, 16–18 Peptide-pulsed targets, 118. See also ELISA assay Peptides. See also Antigenic peptides analogues, 173 as cancer vaccines (See Peptide vaccines) immunogenic properties of, 2 MHC associated, 2 as nonviral vectors, 140 transport of peptides, 1 tumor associated, 2, 16–18 Peptides analogues, 173 Peptide sequences and proteins, extended, 15–16 Peptide vaccines. See also Peptides antigens in, 110–111 disadvantage of, 122
214 Index [Peptide vaccines] investigational, 113–116 optimization of, 117–122 Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) used in ELISPOT assay, 194 used in tetramer analysis, 193 Peripheral effector (PE), cells, 163 Peripheral memory (PM), cells, 123 Personalized cancer vaccines, 31, 32 characteristics of, 72 clinical data in, 71–74 examples of clinical activity in patients, 38–39 examples of preclinical activity in rodents treated with, 34–36 host immune system, 71 methods of, 33–38 preclinical application of, 40–45 tumor cells in, 70–71 PGE2, 87 <strong>Ph</strong>armacodynamic (PD) biomarkers, 152, 171 <strong>Ph</strong>enotypic markers, 195 Plasmid vectors, 132–135, 169, 170. See also DNA vaccines infusion into LNs, 170–171 PM. See Peripheral memory (PM) Polyepitope strings, 137 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 187. See also Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Polyvalent vaccines, tumor cells as, 57 Poxviruses. See Recombinant viral vectors Preclinical models of cancer immunotherapy, 76–77 limitations of, 32 outcomes in human trials, 39–40 predictive value of, 32–38 recent trends in, 40–45 spontaneous tumors, 31, 33 of drugs development, 152, 154 use of humanized investigational drugs in, 156 vs. clinical models, 155 Prime-boost strategies, 137–141 Pro2-containing peptides, 6 Progression- free survival (PFS), 74 Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), 74 Proteases, 2 Proteasomes, 136 conversion of, 3 DC, 19 differential expression of, 18 inhibitors of, 13 intermediate subunits of, 2–3 in protein degradation, 2–4 size of peptides emerging from, 5 standard catalytic subunits of, 2 enzymatic activity of, 4 expression, 3 Protein degradation, proteasomes in, 2–4 Provenge, 74 PSMA, detection of, 183, 184 Qdots. See Quantum dots (Qdots) Quantum dots (Qdots), 188–189. See also Fluorophores Rabbit papillomavirus, cottontail, 61 Radiotherapy, 55 Reagents, for detection of MHC, 188, 190 Receptor distribution, on cell subsets, 156 Recombinant DNA vectors, 169 Recombinant protein immunization, 137 Recombinant viral vectors, 137–138 Recurrence-free survival (RFS) in cancer patients, 58 vaccine for, 73 Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5), 111 Regulatory T cells, 121, 160. See also T cells Renal cancers, treatment of, 57 Renal cell carcinoma (RCC ), 73 patients with nonmetastatic, 74 Reniale, 73–74 Response monitoring, in cancer drug development. See Immune response monitoring
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Translational Medicine Series 6 Can
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TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE SERIES 1. Pr
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Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 52 Van
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Preface Throughout the last 20 year
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Preface vii Table 1 A Diverse Techn
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Preface . . . . v Contributors . .
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Contributors Pedro Alves Ludwig Ins
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1 Factoring in Antigen Processing i
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Preclinical Models and Clinical Sit
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56 Srinivasan disease agents. Garda
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62 Srinivasan (69). In another stud
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64 Srinivasan patients with prostat
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86 Luptrawan et al. of cancer cells
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88 Luptrawan et al. NK cells can ki
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90 Luptrawan et al. Figure 2 Repres
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92 Luptrawan et al. state (50). Pat
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94 Luptrawan et al. ability of TIL
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96 Luptrawan et al. Figure 4 Drug s
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98 Luptrawan et al. Figure 6 Tumor
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Table 1 Summary of results of phase
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104 Luptrawan et al. antigens (84,8
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108 Luptrawan et al. 66. Dunn GP, B
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110 Schroter and Minev proteins (2,
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