national-clinical-guidelines-for-stroke-fourth-edition

Koyuncu E, Nakipoglu YG, Dogan A, Ozgirgin N (2010) The
effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation for the
treatment of shoulder subluxation and shoulder pain in
hemiplegic patients: a randomized controlled trial. Disability
and Rehabilitation 32 (7): 560–66.
Kwakkel G, Wagenaar R (2002) Effect of duration of upper- and
lower-extremity rehabilitation sessions and walking speed on
recovery of interlimb coordination in hemiplegic gait. Physical
Therapy 82 (5): 432–48.
Kwakkel G, Wagenaar R, Koelman T (1997) Effects of intensity of
rehabilitation after stroke: a research synthesis. Stroke 28 (8):
1550–56.
Kwakkel G, Van PR, Wagenaar RC, Dauphinee SW, Richards C,
Ashburn A, Miller K, Lincoln N, Partridge C, Wellwood I,
Langhorne P (2004) Effects of augmented exercise therapy
time after stroke: a meta-analysis. Stroke 35 (11): 2529–36.
Kwakkel G, Kollen BJ, Krebs HI (2008) Effects of robot-assisted
therapy on upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic
review. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 22 (2): 111–21.
LaCroix AZ, Kotchen J, Anderson G, Brzyski R, Cauley JA,
Cummings SR, Gass M, Johnson KC, Ko M, Larson J, Manson
JE, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J (2009) Calcium plus
vitamin D supplementation and mortality in postmenopausal
women: the Women’s Health Initiative calcium-vitamin D
randomized controlled trial. Journals of Gerontology. Series A,
Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 64 (5): 559–67.
Lakhan SE, Sapko MT (2009) Blood pressure lowering treatment
for preventing stroke recurrence: a systematic review and
meta-analysis. International Archives of Medicine 2 (1): 30.
Lakse E, Gunduz B, Erhan B, Celik EC (2009) The effect of local
injections in hemiplegic shoulder pain: a prospective,
randomized, controlled study. American Journal of Physical
Medicine & Rehabilitation 88 (10): 805–11.
Lancaster T, Stead L (2005) Individual behavioural counselling
for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews (2): CD001292.
Langhorne P, Wagenaar R, Partridge C (1996) Physiotherapy after
stroke: more is better. Physiotherapy Research International
1 (2): 75–88.
Langhorne P, Dennis M, Stroke Unit Triallists’ Collaboration
(1998) Stroke units: an evidence based approach. London: BMJ
Books.
Langhorne P, Coupar F, Pollock A (2009) Motor recovery after
stroke: a systematic review. Lancet Neurology 8 (8): 741–54.
Lannin NA, Novak I, Cusick A (2007a) A systematic review of
upper extremity casting for children and adults with central
nervous system motor disorders. Clinical Rehabilitation 21
(11): 963–76.
Lannin NA, Clemson L, McCluskey A, Lin CW, Cameron I, Barras
S (2007b) Feasibility and results of a randomised pilot-study
of pre-discharge occupational therapy home visits. BMC
Health Services Research 7 (1): 42.
Laufer Y (2002) Effects of one-point and four-point canes on
balance and weight distribution in patients with hemiparesis.
Clinical Rehabilitation 16 (2): 141–8.
Lavallee P, Meseguer E, Abboud H, Cabrejo L, Olivot JM, Simon
O, Mazighi M, Nifle C, Niclot P, Lapergue B, Klein IF, Brochet
E, Steg PG, che G, Labreuche J, Touboul PJ, Amarenco P
(2007) A transient ischaemic attack clinic with round-theclock
access (SOS-TIA): feasibility and effects. Lancet
Neurology 6 (11): 953–60.
References
Laver KE, George S, Thomas S, Deutsch JE, Crotty M (2011)
Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews (9): CD008349.
Lecouturier J, Murtagh MJ, Thomson RG, Ford G, White M,
Rodgers H (2010a) Response to symptoms of stroke in the
UK: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research 10:
157.
Lecouturier J, Rodgers H, Murtagh MJ, White M, Ford G,
Thomson RG (2010b) Systematic review of mass media
interventions designed to improve public recognition of
stroke symptoms, emergency response and early treatment.
BMC Public Health 10: 784.
Lees KR, Bluhmki E, von Kummer R, Brott TG, Toni D, Grotta
JC, Albers GW, Kaste M, Marler JR, Hamilton SA, Tilley BC,
Davis SM, Donnan GA, Hacke W, ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS
and EPITHET rt-PA Study Group, Allen K, Mau J, Meier D,
del ZG, De Silva DA, Butcher KS, Parsons MW, Barber PA,
Levi C, Bladin C, Byrnes G (2010) Time to treatment with
intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: an updated
pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET
trials. Lancet 375 (9727): 1695–703.
Legg L (2004) Rehabilitation therapy services for stroke patients
living at home: systematic review of randomised trials. Lancet
363 (9406): 352–6.
Legg LA, Drummond AE, Langhorne P (2006) Occupational
therapy for patients with problems in activities of daily living
after stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4):
CD003585.
Levack W, Taylor K, Siegert R, Dean S, McPherson K, Weatherall
M (2006) Is goal planning in rehabilitation effective? A
systematic review. Clinical Rehabilitation 20: 739–55.
Lincoln N, Parry R, Vass CD (1999) Randomized, controlled trial
to evaluate increased intensity of physiotherapy treatment of
arm function after stroke. Stroke 30 (3): 573–9.
Lincoln N, Majid M, Weyman N (2000) Cognitive rehabilitation
for attention deficits following stroke. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews (4): CD002842.
Little SH, Massel DR (2003) Antiplatelet and anticoagulation for
patients with prosthetic heart valves. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews (4): CD003464.
Lo AC, Guarino PD, Richards LG, Haselkorn JK, Wittenberg GF,
Federman DG, Ringer RJ, Wagner TH, Krebs HI, Volpe BT,
Bever CT Jr, Bravata DM, Duncan PW, Corn BH, Maffucci
AD, Nadeau SE, Conroy SS, Powell JM, Huang GD, Peduzzi P
(2010) Robot-assisted therapy for long-term upper-limb
impairment after stroke. New England Journal of Medicine 362
(19): 1772–83.
Logan P, Murphy A, Drummond A, Bailey S, Radford K,
Gladman J, Walker M, Robertson K, Edmans J, Conroy S
(2007) An investigation of the number and cost of assistive
devices used by older people who had fallen and called a 999
ambulance. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 70 (11):
457–78.
Logan PA, Gladman JR, Avery A, Walker MF, Dyas J, Groom L
(2004) Randomised controlled trial of an occupational
therapy intervention to increase outdoor mobility after stroke.
BMJ 329 (7479): 1372–5.
Lorberboym M, Mena I, Wainstein J, Boaz M, Lampl Y (2010)
The effect of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) on cerebral blood flow
in patients with cerebrovascular risk factors. Acta Neurologica
Scandinavica 121 (6): 370–76.
© Royal College of Physicians 2012 195