Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing: Behavioral ... - Arteimi.info

The scope of realization of the proposed model of cognition will be briefly
outlined in the next section by employing AI tools and techniques. A
concluding section following this section includes a discussion on the
possible direction of research in cognitive science.
2.2 The Cognitive Perspective of
Pattern Recognition
The process of recognizing a pattern involves ‘identifying a complex
arrangement of sensory stimuli’ [20], such as a character, a facial image or a
signature. Four distinct techniques of pattern recognition with reference to
both contexts and experience will be examined in this section.
2.2.1 Template-Matching Theory
A ‘template’ is part or whole of a pattern that one saves in his memory for
subsequent matching. For instance, in template matching of images, one may
search the template in the image. If the template is part of an image, then
matching requires identifying the portion (block) of the image that closely
resembles the template. If the template is a whole image, such as the facial
image of one’s friend, then matching requires identifying the template among a
set of images [4]. Template matching is useful in contexts, where pattern shape
does not change with time. Signature matching or printed character matching
may be categorized under this head, where the size of the template is equal to
the font size of the patterns.
Example 2.1: This example illustrates the principle of the templatematching
theory. Fig. 2.1 (a) is the template, searched in the image of a boy in
fig. 2.1(b). Here, the image is partitioned into blocks [5] equal to the size of the
template and the objective is to identify the block in the image (fig. 2.1(b)) that
best matches with the template (fig. 2.1 (a)).
(a) (b)
Fig. 2.1: Matching of the template (a) with the blocks in (b).