Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing: Behavioral ... - Arteimi.info

his friend s facial image in memory. If he is now shown a portion of his friends
face, would he be able to identify him? The answer in many cases was in the
affirmative.
Reed experimented with geometric figures. For instance, he first showed a
Star of David (vide fig. 2.7) and then a parallelogram to a group of people and
asked them to save the figures in their memory. Consequently, he asked them
whether there exists a part-whole relationship in the two mental imageries.
Only 14% of the people could answer it correctly. Thus determining part-whole
relationship in mental imagery is difficult. But we do it easily through
practicing.
∇
Fig. 2.7: The Star of David.
2.4.6 Ambiguity in Mental Imagery
Most psychologists are of the opinion that people can hardly identify
ambiguity in mental imagery, though they can do it easily with paper and
pencil [20]. For instance consider the following imagery (vide fig. 2.8).
Fig. 2.8: The letter X topped by the letter H is difficult to extract
from the mental imagery but not impossible by paper and pencil.
Peterson and her colleagues, however, pointed out that after some help, people
can identify ambiguity also in mental imagery [28 ], [20].
2.4.7 Neuro Physiological Similarity
between Imagery and Perception
The word ‘perception’ refers to the construction of knowledge from the
sensory data for subsequent usage in reasoning. Animals including lower
class mammals generally form perception from visual data. Psychologists,
therefore, have long wondered: does mental imagery and perception have any