Volume 2 - LENR-CANR

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nearby source of neutrons. The hot plasma produced by the cavitation bubble collapse in heavy water is postulated to cause hot fusion. The experimental measurement of such plasmas is challenging because of their small size and very transient lifetimes. And, there is a wide range of opinions on the reality as well as the characteristics of bubble fusion. However, the field of bubble fusion is of no concern to <strong>LENR</strong>. There were two papers on cavitation induced effects presented at ICCF-14. The first was by Stringham, who has worked on sonofusion for many years and presented some remarkable results at earlier conferences in this series. This time, his paper was a useful review of the basics of sonofusion, and a summary of some results. Some of his excess heat data is at Stringham’s web site: http://sonofusionjets.com. There he shows excess power data to almost 40 W. The second paper on bubble cavitation was qualitatively different from most experimental papers at the conference. There was no lattice involved in these experiments. In this paper, Kornilova and her associates reported the production of x-rays, as well as light, from cavitation bubbles produced when light oil was forced through an orifice at pressures up to 80 to 90 atmospheres. First, very soft x-rays (1-2 keV) were measured, a remarkable result given the very short ranges of such radiation in condensed matter. Then, fine copper powder was placed on the exterior of the experiment, and x-rays peaking at 3 keV and extending to 5 keV were recorded. These unusual results challenge explanations. In general, the work on cavitation fusion has produced enticing results, but has not been adequately replicated in other laboratories. Such work is on the very long list of <strong>LENR</strong> and related experiments that should be done. 410
Bubble Driven Fusion Roger Stringham First Gate Energies Abstract Experimentally, heat and 4 He are sonofusion (SF) fusion products. SF boosts a naturally occurring phenomenon with cavitation-induced bubbles and their collapse to high energy densities. One unique fusion path to heat and 4 He is shown. What has been increasingly evident is that high-density experiments of ICF and astrophysical relations of fermions and bosons show a plausible path to SF products. SF focuses around implantation of nanometer jet volumes and picosecond time scales. Several high-density systems like those of WDS, MF, zpinch systems, and ICF have influence over this model path. Acronym list BCS Bardeen, Cooper, Schrieffer; superconductivity theory BDS Black dwarf star; an old and cool WDS BEC Bose Einstein Condensate; follows Bose Einstein statistics DOE Department of Energy EM Electromagnetic HDZP High density z-pinch using a deuterium frozen fiber and high current ICF Inertial confined fusion; an approach to fusion via hot fusion MF Muon fusion; a muon replaces an electron in D2 and has a pseudo density of a WDS MS Mass spectrum; helium measurement by DOE’s Brian Olive Qa Acoustic power input to piezo reactor in watts Qi Total power input in watts Qo The calorimetric measured heat out of reactor in watts Qx Heat measured above that expected heat in watts Rf The final transient cavitation bubble radius Rmax Maximum transient cavitation bubble radius SEM Scanning Electron Microscope SF Sonofusion; fusion source from collapsing cavitation bubbles SL Sonoluminescence; acoustic light emission from bubble collapse TCB Transient cavitation bubble; a bubble with at least 3 watts of power/cm 2 WDS White dwarf star; a collapsed star no longer generating heat Introduction The experimental part of this paper draws from many years of compelling results pointing to fusion events in target foils produced by TCBs in D2O. TCBs produce high-density plasma jets, which coincide with SL during the TCBs collapse process [1], where EM fields compress the jet’s contents. SL is used to monitor SF experiments. Jets implant the target foil forming 411
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings of the 14th Internation
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents VOLUME 1 Preface
Page 5 and 6: Photon Measurements 326 Excess Heat
Page 7 and 8: Investigation of Deuteron-Deuteron
Page 9: Introduction to Cavitation Experime
Page 13 and 14: to the density of muon fusion syste
Page 15 and 16: 4.184 Joules/calorie to give Qo. No
Page 17 and 18: References 1. M. P. Brenner, S. Hil
Page 19 and 20: Experiments on stimulation of cavit
Page 21 and 22: foil (thickness 0.1 mm) was situate
Page 23 and 24: the external surface of thick wall
Page 25 and 26: Introduction to Materials The outco
Page 27 and 28: the foils, and the effects of subse
Page 29 and 30: Material Science on Pd-D System to
Page 31 and 32: level required higher current compa
Page 33 and 34: morphology, and surface morphology
Page 35 and 36: Figure 11. Evolution of the input a
Page 37 and 38: Electrode Surface Morphology Charac
Page 39 and 40: fundamental peak; on the other hand
Page 41 and 42: RPSD@ max (x10 -32 m 4 ) 0.20 0.10
Page 43 and 44: 2. V. Violante, F. Sarto, E.Castagn
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Starting with the meta
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.1. A typical database reco
Page 49 and 50: palladium lot as received. Differen
Page 51 and 52: Condensed Matter “Cluster” Reac
Page 53 and 54: Loading Measurements A high-vacuum
Page 55 and 56: Reaction Rate Estimates An estimate
Page 57 and 58: References 1. Andrei Lipson, Brent
Page 59 and 60: Introduction to the Theory Papers P
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Foundations: Experimental Evidence,
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Such results are applicable to a wi
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electrostatic fields, that could ge
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Theory Papers 1. V. Adamenko & V.I.
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Figure 1. The general view and deta
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So with a high probability the unkn
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Potential energy of pair (without m
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the corresponding electron wave fun
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applicable in case of interaction o
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The expression in the exponent of (
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Empirical System Identification (ES
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esults of the previous sections to
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The higher the mass of a particle (
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The Hubbard model [18, 19], along w
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A B Figure 2. Atomic Arrangements o
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deuterons, their interaction is aff
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expected in D-D reactions is that w
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It is being argued that, while heav
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with odd permutations weighted by -
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20. C. Elsasser, K.M. Ho, C.T. Chan
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must have positive Bose Exchange sy
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these different statements that ref
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Fig.2 shows a pictorial representat
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(a) A Pictorial Representation of V
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esonance” can take place, in whic
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interior boundaries of the ordered
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Interface Model of Cold Fusion Talb
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D + Bloch "atom" sublayer, 3) epita
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sometimes stimulating an irreversib
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Toward an Explanation of Transmutat
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Given the well-established validity
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The next question is, therefore, if
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An Experimental Device to Test the
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Figure 1. Palladium/deuterium total
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Experimental Reaction enthalpies of
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10. J. Dufour, X. Dufour, D. Murat
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Together with the Coulomb-repulsion
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“The Coulomb Barrier not Static i
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2 16 2 gc 27 3 So, a solution for
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Moreover, we study the “nuclear e
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Then, according to the loading quan
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Having mapped that the -phase depen
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Considering the attractive force, d
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The expression (45) was partially e
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Table 1. Using the phase potential
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10. A.De Ninno et al. Europhysics L
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Fusion system still outperformed th
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Van der Waals attraction occurs at
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Quantum Fusion (QF) Quantum Fusion
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Energy exchange There is some exper
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of the weak coupling matrix element
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Figure 3. Energy levels that contri
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Input to Theory from Experiment in
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substrate, and excess heat is obser
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4. Laser stimulation Letts and Crav
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energetic particles are produced, o
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15. K. Kunimatsu, N. Hasegawa, A. K
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A Theoretical Formulation for Probl
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at some point we will require tools
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3. Matrix element example The appro
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Now the wavefunction on the RHS has
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Theory of Low-Energy Deuterium Fusi
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If mobile deuterons in a metal are
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allowed since [Z1/m1] = [Z2/m2], an
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traps (in 3g of Pd particles with a
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9. S.N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (192
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system composed of host nuclei and
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A simple specific form of beff (p)
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Nuclear Transmutations in Polyethyl
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Furthermore, there are interesting
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The NT’s in phenanthrene [7] may
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explains why there is no neutron em
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T+T Fusion CrossSection (Barn) T+T
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science, the incident energy is so
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When the incident energy approaches
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9. Chadwick, M. B., Oblozinsky, P.,
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He = Em C + m Cm + tmn (C + m Cm
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where k 2 = (2 Md Ea / ħ ) = Md 2
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y altering the shape of the Coulomb
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Analysis and Confirmation of the
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This is the basic Langevin equation
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The fusion rate is calculated by th
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EQPET molecule must go back and con
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Introduction to Challenges and Summ
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notes that the common usage of the
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insufficient to allow us to reprodu
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in the early days of semiconductors
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Water In Acrylic Toppiece Gas Tube
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Much of this uncertainty would be r
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Figure 5. The effect of input power
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maximum values. From these values w
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considerably that they were enginee
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Technogies”, in 11th Internationa
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Self-Polarisation of Fusion Diodes:
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We propose that in this field of on
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Results A. Self-sustained voltage O
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Figure 6. Differential calorimeter
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Weight of Evidence for the Fleischm
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Figure 1. Multiple support for a hy
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P(D | T) = P(T | D) P(D) / P(T) = 0
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For more information about Bayesian
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positive is in the range 0.980 ± 0
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With the notation Emn = “m heads
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3.1. Selected papers Cravens and Le
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Table 3. P(Eif | Pf) Table 4. P(Ein
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Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”
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4. J. Breese and D. Koller, “Tuto
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Taking the nuclear origin of copiou
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The evolution of protoscience into
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References 1. Mosier-Boss, P.A., et
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Cold fusion (CF) is a potentially r
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ISCMNS has initiated a CF-dedicated
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Table 2. Current Methods and Propos
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For the CF/OSSc project, the ISCMNS
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ole of skeptical mainstream physici
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sized Pd and Pd alloy particles. Ap
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Honoring Pioneers For most fields o
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A&Z introduced new terms to describ
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The top portion of Fig. 3 shows plo
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Figure 7. New catalyst shows nano-P
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catalyst to outer vessel wall is 7
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Establishment of the “Solid Fusio
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Figure 1. Experimental Device Figur
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[The protocol for producing the ZrO
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Figure 5A. Comparison of generation
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Figure 6. Gas pressure characterist
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Note on Sources The Abstract is a r
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37. Arata Y, Zhang Y-C; Proc. Japan
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LENR Research using Co-Deposition S
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that the tritium production was spo
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 4. Images obtain
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SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D
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7. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, S.R.
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17. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and
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Preparata Prize Acceptance Speech I
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Cold Fusion Country History Project
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2. “Condensed Matter Nuclear Scie
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need for a coordinated effort in ma
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Colloid J. USSR 48, 8(1986)). In 19
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scientists on the problem of Cold F
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Financial support for the conferenc
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Author Index Pages are in Volume 1
Page 345:
Wang, J., 299 Watanabe, A., 338 Wei
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