Volume 2 - LENR-CANR

With the removal of the proton’s charge, it is possible for a new hydrogen nucleus to enter the
same trapping point and bond with the neutron or neutron cluster. This is similar to concepts
used in astrophysics and referred to as the S and R process that build the heavier elements
inside of stars through accumulation of neutrons and β − decay. In QF cold to ultra-cold
neutron(s) interact with another hydrogen nucleus moving through the lattice, resulting in 4 H.
Part of the problem for established physics is that their information is based on big science
accelerator experiments. This led to a policy at the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) that
defines the “ground state” of a nucleus as the “lowest energy at which it has been observed”.
The first three links you are likely to run across at the NNDC in relation to 4 H indicate that it
undergoes a 100% neutron ejection decay path, even at what they have arbitrarily defined as the
“ground state”. Another document, mass.mas03.txt states the mass of 4 H as being greater than
the mass of tritium + a neutron. This was referred to as an un-bound nucleus. (Meaning what?)
Researchers extrapolated the path of a neutron and a triton back to the same point. For 4 H
that time of existence is so short it is given as a width of 4 MeV. That calculates out to roughly
10 -24 seconds, more precisely 82.28 yocto-seconds after an 8 MeV neutron collides with a 7 Li
nuclei. I have discussed this with J. H. Kelly of the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC). He
assured me that this was the absolute lowest energy level at which you could possibly create
4 H. (Does this sound like the ground state?) When 4 H is formed as an early intermediate decay
product from a high-energy collision, there is sufficient momentum to make it energetically
favorable for a neutron to carry the excess energy away before β − decay occurs. In a metallic
lattice where low energy neutrons accumulate, β − is the decay path. Papers compiled in NNDC
do indicate this. (The data is somewhat difficult to access. To retrieve it, go to
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/ensdf/, enter 4 H in the Quick search: box, and click “Search”. Click
the check the box next to the 4 H and click “HTML”. See the first sentence in the data sheet.)
According to Kelly, if there were some way to make 4 H at a low enough energy (≤3.53
MeV), then it would undergo β − decay. That can’t be done in an accelerator. When solid-state
systems produce 4 He, each helium nucleus formed liberates between 23.2 MeV and 27.5 MeV
depending on the exact path taken.
Gross loading
Existing attempts to harness the Fleischmann-Pons Effect depend on what I call Gross
loading. By achieving a loading ratio greater than 0.85, the movement of hydrogen ions is
limited by the number of open octahedral points. It also moves the lattice away from
equilibrium and raises the base level result of the Hamiltonian operator. Why don’t all
palladium samples work once the loading ratio exceeds 0.85? Researchers have talked about
the grain structure and cracking. Wave phenomenon or phonons are reflected and refracted by
grain boundaries and cracks or discontinuities. The Nuclear Active Environment is one where
enough phonon peaks intersect to obtain the 1/r 12 + Heisenberg confinement energy necessary
to affect electron capture events. Typical gross loading problems are driven in part by the
quantity of hydrogen present in the lattice when the reaction starts. The bonding energy
released in the formation of helium or transmutation causes a local chain reaction release of
energy that eventually destroys the mechanical structure that was supporting the reaction.
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