Volume 2 - LENR-CANR

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For modest S the enhancement in indirect coupling is orders of magnitude. Loss breaks the destructive interference between the contributions from different pathways, and results in a dramatic increase in the indirect coupling responsible for coherent multi-quantum energy exchange. References 1. M. C. H. McKubre et al, as discussed in the report prepared for the 2004 DoE review; Proc. ICCF11, page 23 (2004). 2. M. Apicella et al, Proc. ICCF12 page 117 (2005). 3. D. Letts and P. L. Hagelstein, Proc. ICCF14 (2008). 4. P. L. Hagelstein, I. U. Chaudhary et al, Proc. ICCF14 (2008). 5. P. L. Hagelstein and I. U. Chaudhary, J. Phys. B, 41 135501 (2008). 6. K. Czerski, A. Huke, P. Heide, and G. Ruprecht, Europhys. Lett. 68 363 (2004). 7. G. Kubas, Metal dihydrogen and -bond complexes, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York (2001). 8. E. Storms, Proc. ICCF4, vol 2, page 4-1 (1993). 9. P. L. Hagelstein and I. U. Chaudhary, submitted (2008). 585
Input to Theory from Experiment in the Fleischmann-Pons Effect Peter L. Hagelstein 1 , Michael Melich 2 and Rodney Johnson 2 1 Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 2 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA Excess heat in the Flesichmann-Pons effect constitutes a new physical effect unlike other physical processes with which we are familiar. Many groups have proposed theoretical mechanisms to account for the effect, but at present none has been generally accepted. This motivates us to review what experiment tells us about theory. There exists a relatively large body of experimental results, and it is possible to connect many of these individual results to theoretical statements, which might then be used as the basis for the development of new theoretical models. 1. Introduction Nuclear physicists have studied deuteron-deuteron fusion over the years using energetic deuteron beams incident on different targets that contain deuterium. Local conservation of energy and momentum dictates that in an exothermic reaction, the reaction energy is expressed in the kinetic energy of the reaction products. As a result, we know what the primary reaction channels (p+t and n+ 3 He) are, since the reaction products can be observed directly. The particle energies and angular distributions are also available directly from experiment. A theoretical model for the deuteron-deuteron reaction follows directly from solving the Schrodinger equation (approximately) for the relevant four-body problem, with two deuterons in the input channel, and with p+t and n+ 3 He in the exit channels. The results from such models are in good agreement with experiment. Because the associated theoretical problem is so simple, at least conceptually, one would not imagine that there could be anything that could compete with the primary reaction mechanism, or change fundamentally what happens when two deuterons interact. The excess heat effect in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment seems not to follow this clear and simple picture. As such, if the experiments are right, then they suggest that something else can happen. In the decades following the announcement of the excess heat effect, there have been a great many positive experiments which seem to confirm the existence of the effect. Hence, we are faced with the theoretical problem of figuring out how the effect works. We might turn to nuclear physics and solid-state physics, both mature disciplines, in order to develop a theoretical model. Unfortunately, over the years no one has had much luck convincing their colleagues that a suitable explanation can be obtained from such a starting place. Moreover, such a model if developed would not be accepted without very strong experimental support. In the end, one must understand theory through an experimental foundation. We only know what happens because we can observe it in an experiment. 586
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Proceedings of the 14th Internation
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Table of Contents VOLUME 1 Preface
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Photon Measurements 326 Excess Heat
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Investigation of Deuteron-Deuteron
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Introduction to Cavitation Experime
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Bubble Driven Fusion Roger Stringha
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to the density of muon fusion syste
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4.184 Joules/calorie to give Qo. No
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References 1. M. P. Brenner, S. Hil
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Experiments on stimulation of cavit
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foil (thickness 0.1 mm) was situate
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the external surface of thick wall
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Introduction to Materials The outco
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the foils, and the effects of subse
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Material Science on Pd-D System to
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level required higher current compa
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morphology, and surface morphology
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Figure 11. Evolution of the input a
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Electrode Surface Morphology Charac
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fundamental peak; on the other hand
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RPSD@ max (x10 -32 m 4 ) 0.20 0.10
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2. V. Violante, F. Sarto, E.Castagn
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Experimental Starting with the meta
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Figure 3.1. A typical database reco
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palladium lot as received. Differen
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Condensed Matter “Cluster” Reac
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Loading Measurements A high-vacuum
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Reaction Rate Estimates An estimate
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References 1. Andrei Lipson, Brent
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Introduction to the Theory Papers P
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Foundations: Experimental Evidence,
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Such results are applicable to a wi
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electrostatic fields, that could ge
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Theory Papers 1. V. Adamenko & V.I.
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Figure 1. The general view and deta
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So with a high probability the unkn
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Potential energy of pair (without m
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the corresponding electron wave fun
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applicable in case of interaction o
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The expression in the exponent of (
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Empirical System Identification (ES
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esults of the previous sections to
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The higher the mass of a particle (
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The Hubbard model [18, 19], along w
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A B Figure 2. Atomic Arrangements o
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deuterons, their interaction is aff
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expected in D-D reactions is that w
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It is being argued that, while heav
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with odd permutations weighted by -
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20. C. Elsasser, K.M. Ho, C.T. Chan
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must have positive Bose Exchange sy
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these different statements that ref
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Fig.2 shows a pictorial representat
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(a) A Pictorial Representation of V
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esonance” can take place, in whic
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interior boundaries of the ordered
Page 113 and 114: Interface Model of Cold Fusion Talb
Page 115 and 116: D + Bloch "atom" sublayer, 3) epita
Page 117 and 118: sometimes stimulating an irreversib
Page 119 and 120: Toward an Explanation of Transmutat
Page 121 and 122: Given the well-established validity
Page 123 and 124: The next question is, therefore, if
Page 125 and 126: An Experimental Device to Test the
Page 127 and 128: Figure 1. Palladium/deuterium total
Page 129 and 130: Experimental Reaction enthalpies of
Page 131 and 132: 10. J. Dufour, X. Dufour, D. Murat
Page 133 and 134: Together with the Coulomb-repulsion
Page 135 and 136: “The Coulomb Barrier not Static i
Page 137 and 138: 2 16 2 gc 27 3 So, a solution for
Page 139 and 140: Moreover, we study the “nuclear e
Page 141 and 142: Then, according to the loading quan
Page 143 and 144: Having mapped that the -phase depen
Page 145 and 146: Considering the attractive force, d
Page 147 and 148: The expression (45) was partially e
Page 149 and 150: Table 1. Using the phase potential
Page 151 and 152: 10. A.De Ninno et al. Europhysics L
Page 153 and 154: Fusion system still outperformed th
Page 155 and 156: Van der Waals attraction occurs at
Page 157 and 158: Quantum Fusion (QF) Quantum Fusion
Page 159 and 160: Energy exchange There is some exper
Page 161 and 162: of the weak coupling matrix element
Page 163: Figure 3. Energy levels that contri
Page 167 and 168: substrate, and excess heat is obser
Page 169 and 170: 4. Laser stimulation Letts and Crav
Page 171 and 172: energetic particles are produced, o
Page 173 and 174: 15. K. Kunimatsu, N. Hasegawa, A. K
Page 175 and 176: A Theoretical Formulation for Probl
Page 177 and 178: at some point we will require tools
Page 179 and 180: 3. Matrix element example The appro
Page 181 and 182: Now the wavefunction on the RHS has
Page 183 and 184: Theory of Low-Energy Deuterium Fusi
Page 185 and 186: If mobile deuterons in a metal are
Page 187 and 188: allowed since [Z1/m1] = [Z2/m2], an
Page 189 and 190: traps (in 3g of Pd particles with a
Page 191 and 192: 9. S.N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (192
Page 193 and 194: system composed of host nuclei and
Page 195 and 196: A simple specific form of beff (p)
Page 197 and 198: Nuclear Transmutations in Polyethyl
Page 199 and 200: Furthermore, there are interesting
Page 201 and 202: The NT’s in phenanthrene [7] may
Page 203 and 204: explains why there is no neutron em
Page 205 and 206: T+T Fusion CrossSection (Barn) T+T
Page 207 and 208: science, the incident energy is so
Page 209 and 210: When the incident energy approaches
Page 211 and 212: 9. Chadwick, M. B., Oblozinsky, P.,
Page 213 and 214: He = Em C + m Cm + tmn (C + m Cm
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where k 2 = (2 Md Ea / ħ ) = Md 2
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y altering the shape of the Coulomb
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Analysis and Confirmation of the
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This is the basic Langevin equation
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The fusion rate is calculated by th
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EQPET molecule must go back and con
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Introduction to Challenges and Summ
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notes that the common usage of the
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insufficient to allow us to reprodu
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in the early days of semiconductors
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Water In Acrylic Toppiece Gas Tube
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Much of this uncertainty would be r
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Figure 5. The effect of input power
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maximum values. From these values w
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considerably that they were enginee
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Technogies”, in 11th Internationa
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Self-Polarisation of Fusion Diodes:
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We propose that in this field of on
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Results A. Self-sustained voltage O
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Figure 6. Differential calorimeter
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Weight of Evidence for the Fleischm
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Figure 1. Multiple support for a hy
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P(D | T) = P(T | D) P(D) / P(T) = 0
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For more information about Bayesian
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positive is in the range 0.980 ± 0
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With the notation Emn = “m heads
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3.1. Selected papers Cravens and Le
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Table 3. P(Eif | Pf) Table 4. P(Ein
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Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”
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4. J. Breese and D. Koller, “Tuto
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Taking the nuclear origin of copiou
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The evolution of protoscience into
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References 1. Mosier-Boss, P.A., et
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Cold fusion (CF) is a potentially r
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ISCMNS has initiated a CF-dedicated
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Table 2. Current Methods and Propos
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For the CF/OSSc project, the ISCMNS
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ole of skeptical mainstream physici
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sized Pd and Pd alloy particles. Ap
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Honoring Pioneers For most fields o
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A&Z introduced new terms to describ
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The top portion of Fig. 3 shows plo
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Figure 7. New catalyst shows nano-P
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catalyst to outer vessel wall is 7
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Establishment of the “Solid Fusio
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Figure 1. Experimental Device Figur
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[The protocol for producing the ZrO
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Figure 5A. Comparison of generation
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Figure 6. Gas pressure characterist
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Note on Sources The Abstract is a r
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37. Arata Y, Zhang Y-C; Proc. Japan
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LENR Research using Co-Deposition S
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that the tritium production was spo
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 4. Images obtain
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SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D
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7. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, S.R.
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17. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and
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Preparata Prize Acceptance Speech I
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Cold Fusion Country History Project
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2. “Condensed Matter Nuclear Scie
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need for a coordinated effort in ma
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Colloid J. USSR 48, 8(1986)). In 19
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scientists on the problem of Cold F
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Financial support for the conferenc
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Author Index Pages are in Volume 1
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Wang, J., 299 Watanabe, A., 338 Wei
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