Volume 2 - LENR-CANR

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–50 to 50 eV. We also consider the role of d-electrons screening as a perturbative lattice potential. This process only involves the case where Q(t) is different from zero. It involves a change of the value on the x-axes point where the Coulomb barrier takes place; in this case, what we obtain as a final result is that the screening enhances the fusion probability. In order to evaluate the fusion rate () we applied the following formula: (50) Where is the Gamow factor and A is the nuclear reaction constant obtained from cross sections measured (value used was 10 22 sec -1 ). From an experimental point of view, it is possible to affirm that there are three typologies of experiments in the cold fusion phenomenology [14]: 1) Experiments giving negative results 2) Experiments giving some results (little detection signs with respect to background, fusion probability about 10 -23 using a very high loading ratio) 3) Experiments giving clear positive results, such as the Fleischmann and Pons experiments. In our opinion, the experiments of the third type lack accuracy from the experimental point of view. In this sense, we prefer a theoretical model of the controversial phenomenon of cold fusion to explain only experiments of type 1 and 2. In this case it is important to consider the role of the loading ratio in the experimental results. Now, let us begin from the -phase. Results for the -phase are shown in Table 1. As shown there, the theoretical fusion probability is lower than 10 -74 , that is to say, extremely low. Consequently, we can affirm that no fusion is possible through the loading of a percentage of x < 0.2 in the deuterium. The same absence of nuclear phenomenon is compatible for a loading ratio of about 0.7 (Table 2), since in this case the predicted fusion probability is lower than 10 -42 . These predictions, of course, agree with the experimental results (for x>0.7, look at reference [6]). The result of our model is confirmed in the -phase, where we can observe some background fluctuations. Due to a high loading ratio, we predict a fusion probability at about 10 -22 in these background fluctuations. This is a previously unattained result. This is also a very important one for references [7,8], since in those cases the fusion probability was independent of the loading ratio. To conclude, our aim is also to show that the model proposed in this paper can explain some irregular nuclear traces in solids, unifying nuclear physics with condensed matter. On the other hand, regarding the experiments of type 3, we want to consider other contributions as microdeformation occurrence, in order to explain the very high fusion rate. The role of micro-crack and impurities linked to the loading ratio will be explored in other speculative works. “The nuclear physics within condensed matter” may be a new device through which an understanding of new productive scientific issues could be possible. 569
Table 1. Using the phase potential (potential 45), the fusion probability has been computed for Pd “Impure” (J ≈ 0.75%), normalized to the number of event/sec for different values of energy (- 50 eV
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Proceedings of the 14th Internation
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Table of Contents VOLUME 1 Preface
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Photon Measurements 326 Excess Heat
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Investigation of Deuteron-Deuteron
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Introduction to Cavitation Experime
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Bubble Driven Fusion Roger Stringha
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to the density of muon fusion syste
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4.184 Joules/calorie to give Qo. No
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References 1. M. P. Brenner, S. Hil
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Experiments on stimulation of cavit
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foil (thickness 0.1 mm) was situate
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the external surface of thick wall
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Introduction to Materials The outco
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the foils, and the effects of subse
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Material Science on Pd-D System to
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level required higher current compa
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morphology, and surface morphology
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Figure 11. Evolution of the input a
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Electrode Surface Morphology Charac
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fundamental peak; on the other hand
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RPSD@ max (x10 -32 m 4 ) 0.20 0.10
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2. V. Violante, F. Sarto, E.Castagn
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Experimental Starting with the meta
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Figure 3.1. A typical database reco
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palladium lot as received. Differen
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Condensed Matter “Cluster” Reac
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Loading Measurements A high-vacuum
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Reaction Rate Estimates An estimate
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References 1. Andrei Lipson, Brent
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Introduction to the Theory Papers P
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Foundations: Experimental Evidence,
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Such results are applicable to a wi
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electrostatic fields, that could ge
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Theory Papers 1. V. Adamenko & V.I.
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Figure 1. The general view and deta
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So with a high probability the unkn
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Potential energy of pair (without m
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the corresponding electron wave fun
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applicable in case of interaction o
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The expression in the exponent of (
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Empirical System Identification (ES
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esults of the previous sections to
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The higher the mass of a particle (
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The Hubbard model [18, 19], along w
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A B Figure 2. Atomic Arrangements o
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deuterons, their interaction is aff
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expected in D-D reactions is that w
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It is being argued that, while heav
Page 97 and 98: with odd permutations weighted by -
Page 99 and 100: 20. C. Elsasser, K.M. Ho, C.T. Chan
Page 101 and 102: must have positive Bose Exchange sy
Page 103 and 104: these different statements that ref
Page 105 and 106: Fig.2 shows a pictorial representat
Page 107 and 108: (a) A Pictorial Representation of V
Page 109 and 110: esonance” can take place, in whic
Page 111 and 112: interior boundaries of the ordered
Page 113 and 114: Interface Model of Cold Fusion Talb
Page 115 and 116: D + Bloch "atom" sublayer, 3) epita
Page 117 and 118: sometimes stimulating an irreversib
Page 119 and 120: Toward an Explanation of Transmutat
Page 121 and 122: Given the well-established validity
Page 123 and 124: The next question is, therefore, if
Page 125 and 126: An Experimental Device to Test the
Page 127 and 128: Figure 1. Palladium/deuterium total
Page 129 and 130: Experimental Reaction enthalpies of
Page 131 and 132: 10. J. Dufour, X. Dufour, D. Murat
Page 133 and 134: Together with the Coulomb-repulsion
Page 135 and 136: “The Coulomb Barrier not Static i
Page 137 and 138: 2 16 2 gc 27 3 So, a solution for
Page 139 and 140: Moreover, we study the “nuclear e
Page 141 and 142: Then, according to the loading quan
Page 143 and 144: Having mapped that the -phase depen
Page 145 and 146: Considering the attractive force, d
Page 147: The expression (45) was partially e
Page 151 and 152: 10. A.De Ninno et al. Europhysics L
Page 153 and 154: Fusion system still outperformed th
Page 155 and 156: Van der Waals attraction occurs at
Page 157 and 158: Quantum Fusion (QF) Quantum Fusion
Page 159 and 160: Energy exchange There is some exper
Page 161 and 162: of the weak coupling matrix element
Page 163 and 164: Figure 3. Energy levels that contri
Page 165 and 166: Input to Theory from Experiment in
Page 167 and 168: substrate, and excess heat is obser
Page 169 and 170: 4. Laser stimulation Letts and Crav
Page 171 and 172: energetic particles are produced, o
Page 173 and 174: 15. K. Kunimatsu, N. Hasegawa, A. K
Page 175 and 176: A Theoretical Formulation for Probl
Page 177 and 178: at some point we will require tools
Page 179 and 180: 3. Matrix element example The appro
Page 181 and 182: Now the wavefunction on the RHS has
Page 183 and 184: Theory of Low-Energy Deuterium Fusi
Page 185 and 186: If mobile deuterons in a metal are
Page 187 and 188: allowed since [Z1/m1] = [Z2/m2], an
Page 189 and 190: traps (in 3g of Pd particles with a
Page 191 and 192: 9. S.N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (192
Page 193 and 194: system composed of host nuclei and
Page 195 and 196: A simple specific form of beff (p)
Page 197 and 198: Nuclear Transmutations in Polyethyl
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Furthermore, there are interesting
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The NT’s in phenanthrene [7] may
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explains why there is no neutron em
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T+T Fusion CrossSection (Barn) T+T
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science, the incident energy is so
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When the incident energy approaches
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9. Chadwick, M. B., Oblozinsky, P.,
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He = Em C + m Cm + tmn (C + m Cm
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where k 2 = (2 Md Ea / ħ ) = Md 2
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y altering the shape of the Coulomb
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Analysis and Confirmation of the
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This is the basic Langevin equation
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The fusion rate is calculated by th
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EQPET molecule must go back and con
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Introduction to Challenges and Summ
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notes that the common usage of the
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insufficient to allow us to reprodu
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in the early days of semiconductors
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Water In Acrylic Toppiece Gas Tube
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Much of this uncertainty would be r
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Figure 5. The effect of input power
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maximum values. From these values w
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considerably that they were enginee
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Technogies”, in 11th Internationa
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Self-Polarisation of Fusion Diodes:
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We propose that in this field of on
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Results A. Self-sustained voltage O
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Figure 6. Differential calorimeter
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Weight of Evidence for the Fleischm
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Figure 1. Multiple support for a hy
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P(D | T) = P(T | D) P(D) / P(T) = 0
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For more information about Bayesian
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positive is in the range 0.980 ± 0
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With the notation Emn = “m heads
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3.1. Selected papers Cravens and Le
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Table 3. P(Eif | Pf) Table 4. P(Ein
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Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”
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4. J. Breese and D. Koller, “Tuto
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Taking the nuclear origin of copiou
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The evolution of protoscience into
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References 1. Mosier-Boss, P.A., et
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Cold fusion (CF) is a potentially r
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ISCMNS has initiated a CF-dedicated
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Table 2. Current Methods and Propos
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For the CF/OSSc project, the ISCMNS
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ole of skeptical mainstream physici
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sized Pd and Pd alloy particles. Ap
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Honoring Pioneers For most fields o
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A&Z introduced new terms to describ
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The top portion of Fig. 3 shows plo
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Figure 7. New catalyst shows nano-P
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catalyst to outer vessel wall is 7
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Establishment of the “Solid Fusio
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Figure 1. Experimental Device Figur
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[The protocol for producing the ZrO
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Figure 5A. Comparison of generation
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Figure 6. Gas pressure characterist
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Note on Sources The Abstract is a r
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37. Arata Y, Zhang Y-C; Proc. Japan
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LENR Research using Co-Deposition S
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that the tritium production was spo
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 4. Images obtain
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SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D
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7. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, S.R.
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17. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and
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Preparata Prize Acceptance Speech I
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Cold Fusion Country History Project
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2. “Condensed Matter Nuclear Scie
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need for a coordinated effort in ma
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Colloid J. USSR 48, 8(1986)). In 19
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scientists on the problem of Cold F
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Financial support for the conferenc
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Author Index Pages are in Volume 1
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Wang, J., 299 Watanabe, A., 338 Wei
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