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The Phusor®-type LANR Cathode is a Metamaterial Creating Deuteron Flux for Excess Power Gain Mitchell Swartz and Gayle Verner JET Energy, Inc. Wellesley, MA 02481(USA) Dr. Mitchell Swartz does not wish to have his papers uploaded to LENR-CANR.org. A copy of this paper can be found here: http://www.iscmns.org/iccf14/ProcICCF14b.pdf 458
Introduction to the Theory Papers Persistent resistance to accepting the Fleischmann–Pons Effect (FPE) as an attribute of a nuclear process is due to the need to accept two “miracles”: suppression of the Coulomb barrier and lack of high-energy emissions. Both observations contradict textbook nuclear physics and experience with hot fusion. The first problem is how deuterons (or other nuclei) get together to undergo nuclear reactions despite the electrostatic repulsion between them. If one assumes a two-particle scattering model and collision energies commensurate with the temperatures in the experiments, calculations of the tunneling rate through the barrier yield values too low by some tens of orders of magnitude to account for the observed output powers. The second problem is the lack of observed high-energy gammas, alphas, neutrons, protons, or other prompt nuclear signatures. (There are experiments in which low-level energetic emissions from metal deuterides or hydrides have been reported, often without measured excess heat. These lend credence to the proposition that nuclear effects are taking place, but the levels are not commensurate with the power observed in excess-heat experiments.) In the hot-fusion regime, the dominant channels for deuterium fusion are d + d → p + t + 4 MeV and d + d → n + 3 He + 3.3 MeV; the expected energetic reaction products are typically not seen in cold-fusion experiments. Correlation of 4 He production with heat production suggests d + d → α + 24 MeV (or d + d + X → α + X + 24 MeV, with X to be determined), but again energetic outputs such as 24 MeV gammas are conspicuously absent. We thus need an explanation for how energy born in multi-MeV nuclear events gets transferred to the lattice as heat. Over half of the papers in this section—fourteen of the twenty-three—address in some way the suppression of the Coulomb barrier. We will say something about each of them below. Six of the fourteen also address the lack of high-energy emissions. Three papers can be classed under the heading of “transmutation,” which is used here to refer to transformations of isotopes other than those of hydrogen and helium. Nine other papers attempt to lay a foundation for anyone trying to develop models and theories of the FPE. These are discussed first. Table 1 has been constructed to provide a characterization of the various papers in this section. The numbers of the papers in the table, and at the end of this introduction, are referred to in the remainder of this introduction. The table answers the following questions: 1. What is the form of the reaction considered? (“Which LENR?”) 2. Does the paper deal with the Coulomb barrier? (“Coulomb barrier”) 3. Does the paper deal with the presence or absence of energetic particles? (“Hi-energy particles”) 4. What is the conceptual foundation of the theory? (“Concept”) 5. Has the concept been reduced to equations? (“Equations?”) 6. Have numerical results been provided? (“Numerical Results?”) 7. Have the results been applied? (“Use of Results?”) 475
Page 1 and 2:
Proceedings of the 14th Internation
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents VOLUME 1 Preface
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Photon Measurements 326 Excess Heat
Page 7 and 8: Investigation of Deuteron-Deuteron
Page 9 and 10: Introduction to Cavitation Experime
Page 11 and 12: Bubble Driven Fusion Roger Stringha
Page 13 and 14: to the density of muon fusion syste
Page 15 and 16: 4.184 Joules/calorie to give Qo. No
Page 17 and 18: References 1. M. P. Brenner, S. Hil
Page 19 and 20: Experiments on stimulation of cavit
Page 21 and 22: foil (thickness 0.1 mm) was situate
Page 23 and 24: the external surface of thick wall
Page 25 and 26: Introduction to Materials The outco
Page 27 and 28: the foils, and the effects of subse
Page 29 and 30: Material Science on Pd-D System to
Page 31 and 32: level required higher current compa
Page 33 and 34: morphology, and surface morphology
Page 35 and 36: Figure 11. Evolution of the input a
Page 37 and 38: Electrode Surface Morphology Charac
Page 39 and 40: fundamental peak; on the other hand
Page 41 and 42: RPSD@ max (x10 -32 m 4 ) 0.20 0.10
Page 43 and 44: 2. V. Violante, F. Sarto, E.Castagn
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Starting with the meta
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.1. A typical database reco
Page 49 and 50: palladium lot as received. Differen
Page 51 and 52: Condensed Matter “Cluster” Reac
Page 53 and 54: Loading Measurements A high-vacuum
Page 55 and 56: Reaction Rate Estimates An estimate
Page 57: References 1. Andrei Lipson, Brent
Page 61 and 62: Foundations: Experimental Evidence,
Page 63 and 64: Such results are applicable to a wi
Page 65 and 66: electrostatic fields, that could ge
Page 67 and 68: Theory Papers 1. V. Adamenko & V.I.
Page 69 and 70: Figure 1. The general view and deta
Page 71 and 72: So with a high probability the unkn
Page 73 and 74: Potential energy of pair (without m
Page 75 and 76: the corresponding electron wave fun
Page 77 and 78: applicable in case of interaction o
Page 79 and 80: The expression in the exponent of (
Page 81 and 82: Empirical System Identification (ES
Page 83 and 84: esults of the previous sections to
Page 85 and 86: The higher the mass of a particle (
Page 87 and 88: The Hubbard model [18, 19], along w
Page 89 and 90: A B Figure 2. Atomic Arrangements o
Page 91 and 92: deuterons, their interaction is aff
Page 93 and 94: expected in D-D reactions is that w
Page 95 and 96: It is being argued that, while heav
Page 97 and 98: with odd permutations weighted by -
Page 99 and 100: 20. C. Elsasser, K.M. Ho, C.T. Chan
Page 101 and 102: must have positive Bose Exchange sy
Page 103 and 104: these different statements that ref
Page 105 and 106: Fig.2 shows a pictorial representat
Page 107 and 108: (a) A Pictorial Representation of V
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esonance” can take place, in whic
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interior boundaries of the ordered
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Interface Model of Cold Fusion Talb
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D + Bloch "atom" sublayer, 3) epita
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sometimes stimulating an irreversib
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Toward an Explanation of Transmutat
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Given the well-established validity
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The next question is, therefore, if
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An Experimental Device to Test the
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Figure 1. Palladium/deuterium total
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Experimental Reaction enthalpies of
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10. J. Dufour, X. Dufour, D. Murat
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Together with the Coulomb-repulsion
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“The Coulomb Barrier not Static i
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2 16 2 gc 27 3 So, a solution for
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Moreover, we study the “nuclear e
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Then, according to the loading quan
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Having mapped that the -phase depen
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Considering the attractive force, d
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The expression (45) was partially e
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Table 1. Using the phase potential
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10. A.De Ninno et al. Europhysics L
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Fusion system still outperformed th
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Van der Waals attraction occurs at
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Quantum Fusion (QF) Quantum Fusion
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Energy exchange There is some exper
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of the weak coupling matrix element
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Figure 3. Energy levels that contri
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Input to Theory from Experiment in
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substrate, and excess heat is obser
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4. Laser stimulation Letts and Crav
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energetic particles are produced, o
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15. K. Kunimatsu, N. Hasegawa, A. K
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A Theoretical Formulation for Probl
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at some point we will require tools
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3. Matrix element example The appro
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Now the wavefunction on the RHS has
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Theory of Low-Energy Deuterium Fusi
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If mobile deuterons in a metal are
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allowed since [Z1/m1] = [Z2/m2], an
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traps (in 3g of Pd particles with a
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9. S.N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (192
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system composed of host nuclei and
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A simple specific form of beff (p)
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Nuclear Transmutations in Polyethyl
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Furthermore, there are interesting
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The NT’s in phenanthrene [7] may
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explains why there is no neutron em
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T+T Fusion CrossSection (Barn) T+T
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science, the incident energy is so
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When the incident energy approaches
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9. Chadwick, M. B., Oblozinsky, P.,
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He = Em C + m Cm + tmn (C + m Cm
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where k 2 = (2 Md Ea / ħ ) = Md 2
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y altering the shape of the Coulomb
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Analysis and Confirmation of the
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This is the basic Langevin equation
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The fusion rate is calculated by th
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EQPET molecule must go back and con
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Introduction to Challenges and Summ
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notes that the common usage of the
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insufficient to allow us to reprodu
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in the early days of semiconductors
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Water In Acrylic Toppiece Gas Tube
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Much of this uncertainty would be r
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Figure 5. The effect of input power
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maximum values. From these values w
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considerably that they were enginee
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Technogies”, in 11th Internationa
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Self-Polarisation of Fusion Diodes:
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We propose that in this field of on
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Results A. Self-sustained voltage O
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Figure 6. Differential calorimeter
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Weight of Evidence for the Fleischm
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Figure 1. Multiple support for a hy
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P(D | T) = P(T | D) P(D) / P(T) = 0
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For more information about Bayesian
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positive is in the range 0.980 ± 0
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With the notation Emn = “m heads
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3.1. Selected papers Cravens and Le
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Table 3. P(Eif | Pf) Table 4. P(Ein
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Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”
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4. J. Breese and D. Koller, “Tuto
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Taking the nuclear origin of copiou
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The evolution of protoscience into
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References 1. Mosier-Boss, P.A., et
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Cold fusion (CF) is a potentially r
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ISCMNS has initiated a CF-dedicated
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Table 2. Current Methods and Propos
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For the CF/OSSc project, the ISCMNS
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ole of skeptical mainstream physici
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sized Pd and Pd alloy particles. Ap
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Honoring Pioneers For most fields o
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A&Z introduced new terms to describ
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The top portion of Fig. 3 shows plo
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Figure 7. New catalyst shows nano-P
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catalyst to outer vessel wall is 7
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Establishment of the “Solid Fusio
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Figure 1. Experimental Device Figur
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[The protocol for producing the ZrO
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Figure 5A. Comparison of generation
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Figure 6. Gas pressure characterist
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Note on Sources The Abstract is a r
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37. Arata Y, Zhang Y-C; Proc. Japan
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LENR Research using Co-Deposition S
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that the tritium production was spo
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 4. Images obtain
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SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D
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7. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, S.R.
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17. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and
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Preparata Prize Acceptance Speech I
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Cold Fusion Country History Project
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2. “Condensed Matter Nuclear Scie
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need for a coordinated effort in ma
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Colloid J. USSR 48, 8(1986)). In 19
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scientists on the problem of Cold F
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Financial support for the conferenc
Page 343 and 344:
Author Index Pages are in Volume 1
Page 345:
Wang, J., 299 Watanabe, A., 338 Wei
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