Volume 2 - LENR-CANR

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Andrei G. Lipson, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 199915, Russia Ivan P. Chernov Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 Russia Why peer-reviewed journals only in this history? LENR (CMNS) is a new science and still shows poor reproducibility. In some sense it is a “Proto-science” (the definition of L. Kowalski). In some cases poor experimental equipment, reflecting a lack of support, and overselling of results, while seeking support, leads to a lack of credibility. Lacking independent confirmations one may not believe in each result! It is hard to distinguish the grains of truth from the stream of informational noise. Because peer reviewed journals take on the responsibility for the integrity of their publications they use respected scientists in the field of journal, although also this introduces biases. Thus, we have chosen only per-reviewed papers that have been filtered by editors and published. Wide Survey of FSU/Russian CMNS Related Activities. CMNS Russian activity, based on local conference and seminar proceedings has been prepared by Yuri Bazhutov and will be described in the so-labeled section below. What we are studying. Under LENR or CMNS we study specific nuclear processes at very low kinetic energy of projectile nuclei (say, kT< Elab < 1 KeV) that originate and are enhanced by strictly non-equilibrium condensed matter/crystalline lattice environment. These peculiarities make LENR (and nuclear cross-sections) drastically distinctive from the nuclear reactions taking place in vacuum/plasma collision. Broadly, the LENR/CMNS effects include nuclear, calorimetric, electrochemical, condensed matter physics, material science and other accompanying aspects. This field is inherently an interdisciplinary research area. Some dates and statistics. After the discovery of deuterium’s role in Pd cathodes during electrolysis (by Fleischmann and Ponce in 1989) many groups in the former USSR started their works on LENR. In April 1989 to support this research at the national government level a special Council on Cold Fusion was been created in the USSR Academy of Sciences, headed by a vice-president of Academy Academician V. Nefedov. The First All-Union Conference on Cold Fusion at JINR-Dubna was in March 1991. Fourteen local Russian conferences and a monthly Cold Fusion seminar at PF University, Moscow (N. Samsonenko) were organized. More than 250 Russian papers have appeared in peer-reviewed journals since1989. Since 1993 there has been no central government funding of research in this area. FSU scientist suffer from the Bill Collis Vicious Cycle: “insufficient funding leads to poor research, poor research leads to poor papers, poor papers lead to insufficient funding”. Critical Russian Contributions in LENR/CMNS Research - Prior to 1989 F-P announcement. First experimental study and development of the microscopic acceleration model: Fractofusion on fracture of deuterated dielectrics: LiD and heavy ice crystals (Klyuev VA, Lipson AG et al., Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett 12, 551 (1986), Deryaguin BV, Klyuev VA, Lipson AG, Toporov YuP, 785
Colloid J. USSR 48, 8(1986)). In 1989 TiDx fracture neutrons: [B.V. Deryaguin et al, Nature, 341, 492, (1989)]. Theoretical considerations re the effects on the Coulomb barrier that is reduced in deuterated crystals, depending on crystallographic direction, resulting in excess energy production using deuteron beam and crystalline target: V.V. Vysotsky and R.N. Kuzmin, Sov.Tech. Phys. Lett., 7, 981 (1983) Summary of FSU/Russian Contributions. Russian research in LENR has made a critical, important contribution. The significant areas include, but are not limited by fracto-fusion, nuclear emissions during acoustic cavitation, glow discharge effects (isotopic shifts and soft Xray emission first observed by Karabut et al), energetic alpha particle emissions, and the first application of CR-39 and so on. These contributions are pioneering results and have affected international development of CMNS. Despite the clear evidence and high value of Russian achievements, much of Russian researcher work has been ignored and have not been cited (in time) in international publications on LENR and other related fields. Particular examples – fractofusion, cavitation fusion, neutrons emitted from ferroelectrics and so on. It is worth noting that main stream Soviet/Russian physics journals (JETP, JETP Lett., Tech. Phys. Tech. 786
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Proceedings of the 14th Internation
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Table of Contents VOLUME 1 Preface
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Photon Measurements 326 Excess Heat
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Investigation of Deuteron-Deuteron
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Introduction to Cavitation Experime
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Bubble Driven Fusion Roger Stringha
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to the density of muon fusion syste
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4.184 Joules/calorie to give Qo. No
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References 1. M. P. Brenner, S. Hil
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Experiments on stimulation of cavit
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foil (thickness 0.1 mm) was situate
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the external surface of thick wall
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Introduction to Materials The outco
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the foils, and the effects of subse
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Material Science on Pd-D System to
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level required higher current compa
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morphology, and surface morphology
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Figure 11. Evolution of the input a
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Electrode Surface Morphology Charac
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fundamental peak; on the other hand
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RPSD@ max (x10 -32 m 4 ) 0.20 0.10
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2. V. Violante, F. Sarto, E.Castagn
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Experimental Starting with the meta
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Figure 3.1. A typical database reco
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palladium lot as received. Differen
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Condensed Matter “Cluster” Reac
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Loading Measurements A high-vacuum
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Reaction Rate Estimates An estimate
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References 1. Andrei Lipson, Brent
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Introduction to the Theory Papers P
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Foundations: Experimental Evidence,
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Such results are applicable to a wi
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electrostatic fields, that could ge
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Theory Papers 1. V. Adamenko & V.I.
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Figure 1. The general view and deta
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So with a high probability the unkn
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Potential energy of pair (without m
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the corresponding electron wave fun
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applicable in case of interaction o
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The expression in the exponent of (
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Empirical System Identification (ES
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esults of the previous sections to
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The higher the mass of a particle (
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The Hubbard model [18, 19], along w
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A B Figure 2. Atomic Arrangements o
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deuterons, their interaction is aff
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expected in D-D reactions is that w
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It is being argued that, while heav
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with odd permutations weighted by -
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20. C. Elsasser, K.M. Ho, C.T. Chan
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must have positive Bose Exchange sy
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these different statements that ref
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Fig.2 shows a pictorial representat
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(a) A Pictorial Representation of V
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esonance” can take place, in whic
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interior boundaries of the ordered
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Interface Model of Cold Fusion Talb
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D + Bloch "atom" sublayer, 3) epita
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sometimes stimulating an irreversib
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Toward an Explanation of Transmutat
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Given the well-established validity
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The next question is, therefore, if
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An Experimental Device to Test the
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Figure 1. Palladium/deuterium total
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Experimental Reaction enthalpies of
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10. J. Dufour, X. Dufour, D. Murat
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Together with the Coulomb-repulsion
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“The Coulomb Barrier not Static i
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2 16 2 gc 27 3 So, a solution for
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Moreover, we study the “nuclear e
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Then, according to the loading quan
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Having mapped that the -phase depen
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Considering the attractive force, d
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The expression (45) was partially e
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Table 1. Using the phase potential
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10. A.De Ninno et al. Europhysics L
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Fusion system still outperformed th
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Van der Waals attraction occurs at
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Quantum Fusion (QF) Quantum Fusion
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Energy exchange There is some exper
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of the weak coupling matrix element
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Figure 3. Energy levels that contri
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Input to Theory from Experiment in
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substrate, and excess heat is obser
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4. Laser stimulation Letts and Crav
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energetic particles are produced, o
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15. K. Kunimatsu, N. Hasegawa, A. K
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A Theoretical Formulation for Probl
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at some point we will require tools
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3. Matrix element example The appro
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Now the wavefunction on the RHS has
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Theory of Low-Energy Deuterium Fusi
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If mobile deuterons in a metal are
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allowed since [Z1/m1] = [Z2/m2], an
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traps (in 3g of Pd particles with a
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9. S.N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (192
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system composed of host nuclei and
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A simple specific form of beff (p)
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Nuclear Transmutations in Polyethyl
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Furthermore, there are interesting
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The NT’s in phenanthrene [7] may
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explains why there is no neutron em
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T+T Fusion CrossSection (Barn) T+T
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science, the incident energy is so
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When the incident energy approaches
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9. Chadwick, M. B., Oblozinsky, P.,
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He = Em C + m Cm + tmn (C + m Cm
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where k 2 = (2 Md Ea / ħ ) = Md 2
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y altering the shape of the Coulomb
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Analysis and Confirmation of the
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This is the basic Langevin equation
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The fusion rate is calculated by th
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EQPET molecule must go back and con
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Introduction to Challenges and Summ
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notes that the common usage of the
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insufficient to allow us to reprodu
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in the early days of semiconductors
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Water In Acrylic Toppiece Gas Tube
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Much of this uncertainty would be r
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Figure 5. The effect of input power
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maximum values. From these values w
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considerably that they were enginee
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Technogies”, in 11th Internationa
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Self-Polarisation of Fusion Diodes:
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We propose that in this field of on
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Results A. Self-sustained voltage O
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Figure 6. Differential calorimeter
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Weight of Evidence for the Fleischm
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Figure 1. Multiple support for a hy
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P(D | T) = P(T | D) P(D) / P(T) = 0
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For more information about Bayesian
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positive is in the range 0.980 ± 0
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With the notation Emn = “m heads
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3.1. Selected papers Cravens and Le
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Table 3. P(Eif | Pf) Table 4. P(Ein
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Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”
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4. J. Breese and D. Koller, “Tuto
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Taking the nuclear origin of copiou
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The evolution of protoscience into
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References 1. Mosier-Boss, P.A., et
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Cold fusion (CF) is a potentially r
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ISCMNS has initiated a CF-dedicated
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Page 287 and 288: For the CF/OSSc project, the ISCMNS
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Page 293 and 294: Honoring Pioneers For most fields o
Page 295 and 296: A&Z introduced new terms to describ
Page 297 and 298: The top portion of Fig. 3 shows plo
Page 299 and 300: Figure 7. New catalyst shows nano-P
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Page 303 and 304: Establishment of the “Solid Fusio
Page 305 and 306: Figure 1. Experimental Device Figur
Page 307 and 308: [The protocol for producing the ZrO
Page 309 and 310: Figure 5A. Comparison of generation
Page 311 and 312: Figure 6. Gas pressure characterist
Page 313 and 314: Note on Sources The Abstract is a r
Page 315 and 316: 37. Arata Y, Zhang Y-C; Proc. Japan
Page 317 and 318: LENR Research using Co-Deposition S
Page 319 and 320: that the tritium production was spo
Page 321 and 322: (a) (b) (c) Figure 4. Images obtain
Page 323 and 324: SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D
Page 325 and 326: 7. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, S.R.
Page 327 and 328: 17. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and
Page 329 and 330: Preparata Prize Acceptance Speech I
Page 331 and 332: Cold Fusion Country History Project
Page 333 and 334: 2. “Condensed Matter Nuclear Scie
Page 335: need for a coordinated effort in ma
Page 339 and 340: scientists on the problem of Cold F
Page 341 and 342: Financial support for the conferenc
Page 343 and 344: Author Index Pages are in Volume 1
Page 345: Wang, J., 299 Watanabe, A., 338 Wei
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