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Direct measurement of this field is difficult. One can probably do it indirectly by measuring the energy shifts of inner-shell transition of the atoms trapped inside such cavities. It is also not easy to determine such a field analytically. Large scale simulation or numerical calculation should yield useful results to strengthen the argument for the feasibility of dd-cold fusion inside a cavity. References 1. C.M. Fou "Deuteron-Deuteron (dd) Binding via Neutron Exchange," Infinite Energy, Vol. 11, issue 66, 26-28 (2006) 2. C.M. Fou "Coulomb Field for LENR in Solid," Infinite Energy, Vol. 12, issue 71, 25-27 (2007) 3. C.M. Fou "Calculation for dd-fusion in a weakened Coulomb Field," Infinite Energy, Vol. 14, issue 83, 57-60 (2009) Editor’s note: A reviewer has argued that the author’s ingenious construction (here and in ref. (2)) appears to contradict Gauss’s law, to the extent that it entails a charge-free region with an electrical flux directed inward everywhere on the surface. The reviewer concurs that further work is desirable to clarify the character of the field. 555
“The Coulomb Barrier not Static in QED” A correction to the Theory by Preparata on the Phenomenon of Cold Fusion and Theoretical Hypothesis Fulvio Frisone Department of Physics of the University of Catania Catania, Italy, 95125, Via Santa Sofia 64 Abstract In the last two decades, irrefutable experimental evidence has shown that Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) occur in specialized heavy hydrogen systems [1-4]. Nevertheless, we are still confronted with a problem: the theoretical basis of LENR are not known and, as a matter of fact, little research has been carried out on this subject. In this work we seek to analyse the deuteron-deuteron reactions within palladium lattice by means of Preparata’s model of the palladium lattice [5,15]. We will also show the occurrence probability of fusion phenomena according to more accurate experiments [6]. We are not going to use any of the research models which have been previously followed in this field. Our aim is to demonstrate the theoretical possibility of cold fusion. Moreover, we will focus on tunneling the existent Coulomb barrier between two deuterons. Analysing the possible contributions of the lattice to the improvement of the tunneling probability, we find that there is a real mechanism through which this probability could be increased: this mechanism is the screening effect due to dshell electrons of palladium lattice. The accordance between theoretical and experimental results will prove the reality of cold fusion phenomena and show the reliability of our model. 1. Introduction Our research has shown that cold fusion phenomena were verified by the Coherence Theory of Condensed Matter. In this theory [5] it is assumed that the electromagnetic (e.m.) field plays a very important role on dynamic system, due to elementary constituents of matter (i.e. ions and electrons). Due to charged matter, considering the coupling between e.m. equations and the Schrödinger equation of field matter operator, it is possible to demonstrate that the matter system shows a dynamic coherence in proximity of e.m. frequency 0.. Hence, it is possible to define the coherence domains, whose length is about CD =2/0 . The simplest model of matter with coherence domain is obviously the plasma system. In classical plasma theory we have to consider the plasma frequency p and the Debey length that measures the Coulomb force extension, i.e. the coherence domain length. In order to address the crucial issue of the nuclear fusion reaction involving the deuterons that pack the Pd-lattice, we must have a rather detailed understanding of the environment in which such nuclear process will eventually take place. 556
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Proceedings of the 14th Internation
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Table of Contents VOLUME 1 Preface
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Photon Measurements 326 Excess Heat
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Investigation of Deuteron-Deuteron
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Introduction to Cavitation Experime
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Bubble Driven Fusion Roger Stringha
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to the density of muon fusion syste
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4.184 Joules/calorie to give Qo. No
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References 1. M. P. Brenner, S. Hil
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Experiments on stimulation of cavit
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foil (thickness 0.1 mm) was situate
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the external surface of thick wall
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Introduction to Materials The outco
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the foils, and the effects of subse
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Material Science on Pd-D System to
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level required higher current compa
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morphology, and surface morphology
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Figure 11. Evolution of the input a
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Electrode Surface Morphology Charac
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fundamental peak; on the other hand
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RPSD@ max (x10 -32 m 4 ) 0.20 0.10
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2. V. Violante, F. Sarto, E.Castagn
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Experimental Starting with the meta
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Figure 3.1. A typical database reco
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palladium lot as received. Differen
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Condensed Matter “Cluster” Reac
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Loading Measurements A high-vacuum
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Reaction Rate Estimates An estimate
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References 1. Andrei Lipson, Brent
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Introduction to the Theory Papers P
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Foundations: Experimental Evidence,
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Such results are applicable to a wi
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electrostatic fields, that could ge
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Theory Papers 1. V. Adamenko & V.I.
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Figure 1. The general view and deta
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So with a high probability the unkn
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Potential energy of pair (without m
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the corresponding electron wave fun
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applicable in case of interaction o
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The expression in the exponent of (
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Empirical System Identification (ES
Page 83 and 84: esults of the previous sections to
Page 85 and 86: The higher the mass of a particle (
Page 87 and 88: The Hubbard model [18, 19], along w
Page 89 and 90: A B Figure 2. Atomic Arrangements o
Page 91 and 92: deuterons, their interaction is aff
Page 93 and 94: expected in D-D reactions is that w
Page 95 and 96: It is being argued that, while heav
Page 97 and 98: with odd permutations weighted by -
Page 99 and 100: 20. C. Elsasser, K.M. Ho, C.T. Chan
Page 101 and 102: must have positive Bose Exchange sy
Page 103 and 104: these different statements that ref
Page 105 and 106: Fig.2 shows a pictorial representat
Page 107 and 108: (a) A Pictorial Representation of V
Page 109 and 110: esonance” can take place, in whic
Page 111 and 112: interior boundaries of the ordered
Page 113 and 114: Interface Model of Cold Fusion Talb
Page 115 and 116: D + Bloch "atom" sublayer, 3) epita
Page 117 and 118: sometimes stimulating an irreversib
Page 119 and 120: Toward an Explanation of Transmutat
Page 121 and 122: Given the well-established validity
Page 123 and 124: The next question is, therefore, if
Page 125 and 126: An Experimental Device to Test the
Page 127 and 128: Figure 1. Palladium/deuterium total
Page 129 and 130: Experimental Reaction enthalpies of
Page 131 and 132: 10. J. Dufour, X. Dufour, D. Murat
Page 133: Together with the Coulomb-repulsion
Page 137 and 138: 2 16 2 gc 27 3 So, a solution for
Page 139 and 140: Moreover, we study the “nuclear e
Page 141 and 142: Then, according to the loading quan
Page 143 and 144: Having mapped that the -phase depen
Page 145 and 146: Considering the attractive force, d
Page 147 and 148: The expression (45) was partially e
Page 149 and 150: Table 1. Using the phase potential
Page 151 and 152: 10. A.De Ninno et al. Europhysics L
Page 153 and 154: Fusion system still outperformed th
Page 155 and 156: Van der Waals attraction occurs at
Page 157 and 158: Quantum Fusion (QF) Quantum Fusion
Page 159 and 160: Energy exchange There is some exper
Page 161 and 162: of the weak coupling matrix element
Page 163 and 164: Figure 3. Energy levels that contri
Page 165 and 166: Input to Theory from Experiment in
Page 167 and 168: substrate, and excess heat is obser
Page 169 and 170: 4. Laser stimulation Letts and Crav
Page 171 and 172: energetic particles are produced, o
Page 173 and 174: 15. K. Kunimatsu, N. Hasegawa, A. K
Page 175 and 176: A Theoretical Formulation for Probl
Page 177 and 178: at some point we will require tools
Page 179 and 180: 3. Matrix element example The appro
Page 181 and 182: Now the wavefunction on the RHS has
Page 183 and 184: Theory of Low-Energy Deuterium Fusi
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If mobile deuterons in a metal are
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allowed since [Z1/m1] = [Z2/m2], an
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traps (in 3g of Pd particles with a
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9. S.N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (192
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system composed of host nuclei and
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A simple specific form of beff (p)
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Nuclear Transmutations in Polyethyl
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Furthermore, there are interesting
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The NT’s in phenanthrene [7] may
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explains why there is no neutron em
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T+T Fusion CrossSection (Barn) T+T
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science, the incident energy is so
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When the incident energy approaches
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9. Chadwick, M. B., Oblozinsky, P.,
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He = Em C + m Cm + tmn (C + m Cm
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where k 2 = (2 Md Ea / ħ ) = Md 2
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y altering the shape of the Coulomb
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Analysis and Confirmation of the
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This is the basic Langevin equation
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The fusion rate is calculated by th
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EQPET molecule must go back and con
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Introduction to Challenges and Summ
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notes that the common usage of the
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insufficient to allow us to reprodu
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in the early days of semiconductors
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Water In Acrylic Toppiece Gas Tube
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Much of this uncertainty would be r
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Figure 5. The effect of input power
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maximum values. From these values w
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considerably that they were enginee
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Technogies”, in 11th Internationa
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Self-Polarisation of Fusion Diodes:
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We propose that in this field of on
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Results A. Self-sustained voltage O
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Figure 6. Differential calorimeter
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Weight of Evidence for the Fleischm
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Figure 1. Multiple support for a hy
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P(D | T) = P(T | D) P(D) / P(T) = 0
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For more information about Bayesian
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positive is in the range 0.980 ± 0
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With the notation Emn = “m heads
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3.1. Selected papers Cravens and Le
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Table 3. P(Eif | Pf) Table 4. P(Ein
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Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”
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4. J. Breese and D. Koller, “Tuto
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Taking the nuclear origin of copiou
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The evolution of protoscience into
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References 1. Mosier-Boss, P.A., et
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Cold fusion (CF) is a potentially r
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ISCMNS has initiated a CF-dedicated
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Table 2. Current Methods and Propos
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For the CF/OSSc project, the ISCMNS
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ole of skeptical mainstream physici
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sized Pd and Pd alloy particles. Ap
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Honoring Pioneers For most fields o
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A&Z introduced new terms to describ
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The top portion of Fig. 3 shows plo
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Figure 7. New catalyst shows nano-P
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catalyst to outer vessel wall is 7
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Establishment of the “Solid Fusio
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Figure 1. Experimental Device Figur
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[The protocol for producing the ZrO
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Figure 5A. Comparison of generation
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Figure 6. Gas pressure characterist
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Note on Sources The Abstract is a r
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37. Arata Y, Zhang Y-C; Proc. Japan
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LENR Research using Co-Deposition S
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that the tritium production was spo
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 4. Images obtain
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SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D
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7. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, S.R.
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17. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and
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Preparata Prize Acceptance Speech I
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Cold Fusion Country History Project
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2. “Condensed Matter Nuclear Scie
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need for a coordinated effort in ma
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Colloid J. USSR 48, 8(1986)). In 19
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scientists on the problem of Cold F
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Financial support for the conferenc
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Author Index Pages are in Volume 1
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Wang, J., 299 Watanabe, A., 338 Wei
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