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Table I. Summary of max PSD intensity in the range 1 to 4 μm -1 and excess heat data. The second column indicates the excess to input power ratio, the third column indicates the ratio between the number of samples giving excess heat and the total number of experimented samples of the same lot. Sample Excess heat % Reproducibility Max PSD intensity (x10 -32 m4) #64 >1000 2/2 9.5 L5 25-60 2/4 0.7 L46 12 1/1 0.06 Table II. Effective surface area of the studied samples, computed from the AFM images by the free GNU GPL software Gwyddion. Sample L46 L5 #64 L47 L51 L53 Surface area (m 2 ) 588 653 684 631 640 602 These results suggest that the surface morphology of the Pd cathodes itself plays a role in the excess heat production mechanism. We are not yet able to identify this role, but it cannot be simply reduced to the effect of the change in the specific surface. In this respect, the identified PSD function can be considered as a valid way to estimate the surface morphology. However, a potential problem with the scale of this method should be noted. The analysis is limited to a small areas of the sample, which may not be representative of the entire specimen. To overcome this problem, a more extended and systematic mapping of the sample surface on different length scales should be done, aimed at eventually discovering scaling behaviors. This may show a relationship, for examples, between the local in-grain morphology and long scale crystal grain distribution. Anyway, even the small-scale investigation has proven to be a worthwhile method, and it has shown the occurrence of a particular PSD spectrum, which we have tentatively identified as a favorable condition for excess heat production, is just one of many other conditions, which involve metallurgical and electrochemical properties of the palladium cathodes 4. Conclusions A method of characterizing the surface morphology of Pd cathodes, based on the spatial power spectrum, has been presented. A preliminary screening of the data showed some common features in the spectra of samples giving excess heat, which are not observed in samples not giving heat. The observed features indicate the presence of pseudo-periodic patterns in the surface morphology, whose period is in the range of some tenths of microns. The surface morphology requirement for excess heat is only a necessary condition, not sufficient: other criteria must also be satisfied. References 1. M.T. Spitler, Electrochimica Acta 52 (2007) 2294–2301. 442
2. V. Violante, F. Sarto, E.Castagna, C. Sibilia, M.Bertolotti, R. Li Voti, G.Leahu, M. McKubre, F. Tanzella, K.Grabowski, G.Hubler, D. Knies, T. Zilov, and I. Dardik, “Calorimetric Results of ENEA Cooperative Experiments”, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF13), Dagomys, Sochi, Russia June 25 - July 1, 2007 3. V. Violante RdA, E. Castagna, S. Lecci, M. Sansovini, F. Sarto, D.L. Knies, K.S. Grabowski, G.K. Hubler, “Material science on Pd-D system to study the occurrence of excess of power”, in these proceedings 4. E. Castagna, S. Lecci, M. Sansovini, A. Rufoloni, F. Sarto, V. Violante RdA, D.L. Knies, K.S. Grabowski, G.K. Hubler, M. McKubre and F. Tanzella, “Metallurgical characterization of Pd electrodes employed in calorimetric experiments under electrochemical deuterium loading”, in these proceedings 5. See, for example “Introduction to Atomic Force Microscopy: Theory, Practice, Applications”, by Paul West, Pacific Nanotechnology, freely available online: http://www.afmuniversity.org/ 6. Duparré. J. Ferre-Borrull, S. Gliech, G. Notni, J. Steinert, J.M. Bennett, Appl. Opt. 41 (2002) pp.154-171 443
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings of the 14th Internation
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents VOLUME 1 Preface
Page 5 and 6: Photon Measurements 326 Excess Heat
Page 7 and 8: Investigation of Deuteron-Deuteron
Page 9 and 10: Introduction to Cavitation Experime
Page 11 and 12: Bubble Driven Fusion Roger Stringha
Page 13 and 14: to the density of muon fusion syste
Page 15 and 16: 4.184 Joules/calorie to give Qo. No
Page 17 and 18: References 1. M. P. Brenner, S. Hil
Page 19 and 20: Experiments on stimulation of cavit
Page 21 and 22: foil (thickness 0.1 mm) was situate
Page 23 and 24: the external surface of thick wall
Page 25 and 26: Introduction to Materials The outco
Page 27 and 28: the foils, and the effects of subse
Page 29 and 30: Material Science on Pd-D System to
Page 31 and 32: level required higher current compa
Page 33 and 34: morphology, and surface morphology
Page 35 and 36: Figure 11. Evolution of the input a
Page 37 and 38: Electrode Surface Morphology Charac
Page 39 and 40: fundamental peak; on the other hand
Page 41: RPSD@ max (x10 -32 m 4 ) 0.20 0.10
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Starting with the meta
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.1. A typical database reco
Page 49 and 50: palladium lot as received. Differen
Page 51 and 52: Condensed Matter “Cluster” Reac
Page 53 and 54: Loading Measurements A high-vacuum
Page 55 and 56: Reaction Rate Estimates An estimate
Page 57 and 58: References 1. Andrei Lipson, Brent
Page 59 and 60: Introduction to the Theory Papers P
Page 61 and 62: Foundations: Experimental Evidence,
Page 63 and 64: Such results are applicable to a wi
Page 65 and 66: electrostatic fields, that could ge
Page 67 and 68: Theory Papers 1. V. Adamenko & V.I.
Page 69 and 70: Figure 1. The general view and deta
Page 71 and 72: So with a high probability the unkn
Page 73 and 74: Potential energy of pair (without m
Page 75 and 76: the corresponding electron wave fun
Page 77 and 78: applicable in case of interaction o
Page 79 and 80: The expression in the exponent of (
Page 81 and 82: Empirical System Identification (ES
Page 83 and 84: esults of the previous sections to
Page 85 and 86: The higher the mass of a particle (
Page 87 and 88: The Hubbard model [18, 19], along w
Page 89 and 90: A B Figure 2. Atomic Arrangements o
Page 91 and 92: deuterons, their interaction is aff
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expected in D-D reactions is that w
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It is being argued that, while heav
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with odd permutations weighted by -
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20. C. Elsasser, K.M. Ho, C.T. Chan
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must have positive Bose Exchange sy
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these different statements that ref
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Fig.2 shows a pictorial representat
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(a) A Pictorial Representation of V
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esonance” can take place, in whic
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interior boundaries of the ordered
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Interface Model of Cold Fusion Talb
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D + Bloch "atom" sublayer, 3) epita
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sometimes stimulating an irreversib
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Toward an Explanation of Transmutat
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Given the well-established validity
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The next question is, therefore, if
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An Experimental Device to Test the
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Figure 1. Palladium/deuterium total
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Experimental Reaction enthalpies of
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10. J. Dufour, X. Dufour, D. Murat
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Together with the Coulomb-repulsion
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“The Coulomb Barrier not Static i
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2 16 2 gc 27 3 So, a solution for
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Moreover, we study the “nuclear e
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Then, according to the loading quan
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Having mapped that the -phase depen
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Considering the attractive force, d
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The expression (45) was partially e
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Table 1. Using the phase potential
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10. A.De Ninno et al. Europhysics L
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Fusion system still outperformed th
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Van der Waals attraction occurs at
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Quantum Fusion (QF) Quantum Fusion
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Energy exchange There is some exper
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of the weak coupling matrix element
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Figure 3. Energy levels that contri
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Input to Theory from Experiment in
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substrate, and excess heat is obser
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4. Laser stimulation Letts and Crav
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energetic particles are produced, o
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15. K. Kunimatsu, N. Hasegawa, A. K
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A Theoretical Formulation for Probl
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at some point we will require tools
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3. Matrix element example The appro
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Now the wavefunction on the RHS has
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Theory of Low-Energy Deuterium Fusi
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If mobile deuterons in a metal are
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allowed since [Z1/m1] = [Z2/m2], an
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traps (in 3g of Pd particles with a
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9. S.N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (192
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system composed of host nuclei and
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A simple specific form of beff (p)
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Nuclear Transmutations in Polyethyl
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Furthermore, there are interesting
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The NT’s in phenanthrene [7] may
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explains why there is no neutron em
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T+T Fusion CrossSection (Barn) T+T
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science, the incident energy is so
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When the incident energy approaches
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9. Chadwick, M. B., Oblozinsky, P.,
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He = Em C + m Cm + tmn (C + m Cm
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where k 2 = (2 Md Ea / ħ ) = Md 2
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y altering the shape of the Coulomb
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Analysis and Confirmation of the
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This is the basic Langevin equation
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The fusion rate is calculated by th
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EQPET molecule must go back and con
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Introduction to Challenges and Summ
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notes that the common usage of the
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insufficient to allow us to reprodu
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in the early days of semiconductors
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Water In Acrylic Toppiece Gas Tube
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Much of this uncertainty would be r
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Figure 5. The effect of input power
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maximum values. From these values w
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considerably that they were enginee
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Technogies”, in 11th Internationa
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Self-Polarisation of Fusion Diodes:
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We propose that in this field of on
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Results A. Self-sustained voltage O
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Figure 6. Differential calorimeter
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Weight of Evidence for the Fleischm
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Figure 1. Multiple support for a hy
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P(D | T) = P(T | D) P(D) / P(T) = 0
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For more information about Bayesian
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positive is in the range 0.980 ± 0
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With the notation Emn = “m heads
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3.1. Selected papers Cravens and Le
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Table 3. P(Eif | Pf) Table 4. P(Ein
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Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”
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4. J. Breese and D. Koller, “Tuto
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Taking the nuclear origin of copiou
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The evolution of protoscience into
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References 1. Mosier-Boss, P.A., et
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Cold fusion (CF) is a potentially r
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ISCMNS has initiated a CF-dedicated
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Table 2. Current Methods and Propos
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For the CF/OSSc project, the ISCMNS
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ole of skeptical mainstream physici
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sized Pd and Pd alloy particles. Ap
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Honoring Pioneers For most fields o
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A&Z introduced new terms to describ
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The top portion of Fig. 3 shows plo
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Figure 7. New catalyst shows nano-P
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catalyst to outer vessel wall is 7
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Establishment of the “Solid Fusio
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Figure 1. Experimental Device Figur
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[The protocol for producing the ZrO
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Figure 5A. Comparison of generation
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Figure 6. Gas pressure characterist
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Note on Sources The Abstract is a r
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37. Arata Y, Zhang Y-C; Proc. Japan
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LENR Research using Co-Deposition S
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that the tritium production was spo
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 4. Images obtain
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SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D
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7. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, S.R.
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17. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and
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Preparata Prize Acceptance Speech I
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Cold Fusion Country History Project
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2. “Condensed Matter Nuclear Scie
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need for a coordinated effort in ma
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Colloid J. USSR 48, 8(1986)). In 19
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scientists on the problem of Cold F
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Financial support for the conferenc
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Author Index Pages are in Volume 1
Page 345:
Wang, J., 299 Watanabe, A., 338 Wei
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