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9. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, R.D. Boss, and J.J. Smith, ‘On the Behavior of the Pd/D System: Evidence for Tritium Production’, Fusion Technology, Vol. 33, pp. 38-51 (1998). 10. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, C. Young, and F.E. Gordon, ‘Evidence of Nuclear Reactions in the Pd Lattice’, Naturwissenschaften, Vol. 92, pp. 394-397 (2005). 11. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and F.E. Gordon, ‘Further Evidence of Nuclear Reactions in the Pd/D Lattice: Emission of Charged Particles’, Naturwissenschaften, Vol. 94, pp. 511- 514 (2007). 12. P.A. Mosier-Boss, S. Szpak, F.E. Gordon, and L.P.G. Forsley, ‘Use of CR-39 in Pd/D Co- Deposition Experiments’, European Physics Journal-Applied Physics, Vol. 40, pp. 293-303 (2007). 13. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, C. Young, and F.E. Gordon, ‘The Effect of an External Field on Surface Morphology of Co-Deposited Pd/D Films’, J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol. 580, pp. 284-290 (2005). 14. F.H. Séguin, J.A. Frenje, C.K. Li, D.G. Hicks, S. Kurebayashi, J.R. Rygg, B.-E. Schwartz, R.D. Petrasso, S. Roberts, J.M. Soures, D.D. Meyerhofer, T.C. Sangster, J.P. Knauer, C. Sorce, V.Y. Glebov, C. Stoeckl, T.W. Phillips, R.J. Leeper, K. Fletcher, and S. Padalino, ‘Spectrometry of Charged Particles from Inertial-Confinement-Fusion Plasmas’, Rev. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 74, pp. 975-995 (2003). 15. A.M. Abdel-Moneim and A. Abdel-Naby, ‘A Study of Fast Neutron Beam Geometry and Energy Distribution Using Triple- Reactions,’ Radiat. Meas., Vol. 37, pp. 15-19 (2003). 771
SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D Co-Deposition Research: Overview of Refereed LENR Publications S. Szpak 1 , P. A. Mosier-Boss 1 , F. Gordon 1 , J. Dea 1 , J. Khim 2 and L. Forsley 2 1 SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 2 J W K International, Annandale, VA. Abstract Scientists at the US Navy SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific (SSC-Pacific), and its predecessors, have had extraordinary success in publishing LENR papers in peer-reviewed journals. This success hasn’t come easily and is due to several factors. One key reason for this success was the courage of the SSC-Pacific upper management in allowing scientists to conduct research and publish results in a controversial field. The few journal editors, who had the fortitude to consider our work, also contributed to this success. This contrasts with the majority of their peers who, taking the path of least resistance, ignored our work out of hand and returned manuscripts with, ‘the subject matter is not in the purview of the journal’. The reviewers also played a role in the successful publication of LENR-related papers. A multitude of reviewers, many outside the LENR field, had to put aside their biases and look objectively at our data. In turn, the reviewers’ relentless concerns forced us to tenaciously address their issues. Ultimately, the SSC-Pacific team published 21 refereed papers in seven journals and a book chapter, spanning 19 years beginning in 1989. This paper is a brief synopsis of those publications. 1. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and J.J. Smith, “On the Behavior of Pd Deposited in the Presence of Evolving Deuterium,” J. Electroanal. Chem., 302 (1991) 255-260 This was a preliminary note introducing the Pd/D co-deposition protocol as an alternative experimental approach to initiate LENR. Temperature measurements using thermocouples placed in the cathode and solution show that the cathode was hotter than the solution. This indicates that the observed heat is not due to Joule heating. A ten fold increase in tritium content in the solution was observed. Experiments were conducted with photographic film in close proximity of the cathode. After development, the film showed a grid pattern due to the Ni screen cathode and was attributable to the emission of soft X-rays. 2. S. Szpak, C.J. Gabriel, and R. J. Nowak, “Electrochemical Charging of Pd Rods,” J. Electroanal. Chem., 309 (1991) 273-292 A model was developed to describe the electrochemical charging of palladium rods. This model coupled the interfacial processes with the transport of interstitials in the electrode interior. It was shown that boundary conditions arise from the solution of equations governing the elementary adsorption-desorption and adsorption-absorption steps as well as the symmetry of the electrode. 772
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Proceedings of the 14th Internation
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Table of Contents VOLUME 1 Preface
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Photon Measurements 326 Excess Heat
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Investigation of Deuteron-Deuteron
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Introduction to Cavitation Experime
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Bubble Driven Fusion Roger Stringha
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to the density of muon fusion syste
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4.184 Joules/calorie to give Qo. No
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References 1. M. P. Brenner, S. Hil
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Experiments on stimulation of cavit
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foil (thickness 0.1 mm) was situate
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the external surface of thick wall
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Introduction to Materials The outco
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the foils, and the effects of subse
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Material Science on Pd-D System to
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level required higher current compa
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morphology, and surface morphology
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Figure 11. Evolution of the input a
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Electrode Surface Morphology Charac
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fundamental peak; on the other hand
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RPSD@ max (x10 -32 m 4 ) 0.20 0.10
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2. V. Violante, F. Sarto, E.Castagn
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Experimental Starting with the meta
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Figure 3.1. A typical database reco
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palladium lot as received. Differen
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Condensed Matter “Cluster” Reac
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Loading Measurements A high-vacuum
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Reaction Rate Estimates An estimate
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References 1. Andrei Lipson, Brent
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Introduction to the Theory Papers P
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Foundations: Experimental Evidence,
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Such results are applicable to a wi
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electrostatic fields, that could ge
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Theory Papers 1. V. Adamenko & V.I.
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Figure 1. The general view and deta
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So with a high probability the unkn
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Potential energy of pair (without m
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the corresponding electron wave fun
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applicable in case of interaction o
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The expression in the exponent of (
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Empirical System Identification (ES
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esults of the previous sections to
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The higher the mass of a particle (
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The Hubbard model [18, 19], along w
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A B Figure 2. Atomic Arrangements o
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deuterons, their interaction is aff
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expected in D-D reactions is that w
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It is being argued that, while heav
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with odd permutations weighted by -
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20. C. Elsasser, K.M. Ho, C.T. Chan
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must have positive Bose Exchange sy
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these different statements that ref
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Fig.2 shows a pictorial representat
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(a) A Pictorial Representation of V
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esonance” can take place, in whic
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interior boundaries of the ordered
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Interface Model of Cold Fusion Talb
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D + Bloch "atom" sublayer, 3) epita
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sometimes stimulating an irreversib
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Toward an Explanation of Transmutat
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Given the well-established validity
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The next question is, therefore, if
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An Experimental Device to Test the
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Figure 1. Palladium/deuterium total
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Experimental Reaction enthalpies of
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10. J. Dufour, X. Dufour, D. Murat
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Together with the Coulomb-repulsion
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“The Coulomb Barrier not Static i
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2 16 2 gc 27 3 So, a solution for
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Moreover, we study the “nuclear e
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Then, according to the loading quan
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Having mapped that the -phase depen
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Considering the attractive force, d
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The expression (45) was partially e
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Table 1. Using the phase potential
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10. A.De Ninno et al. Europhysics L
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Fusion system still outperformed th
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Van der Waals attraction occurs at
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Quantum Fusion (QF) Quantum Fusion
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Energy exchange There is some exper
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of the weak coupling matrix element
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Figure 3. Energy levels that contri
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Input to Theory from Experiment in
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substrate, and excess heat is obser
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4. Laser stimulation Letts and Crav
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energetic particles are produced, o
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15. K. Kunimatsu, N. Hasegawa, A. K
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A Theoretical Formulation for Probl
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at some point we will require tools
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3. Matrix element example The appro
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Now the wavefunction on the RHS has
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Theory of Low-Energy Deuterium Fusi
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If mobile deuterons in a metal are
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allowed since [Z1/m1] = [Z2/m2], an
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traps (in 3g of Pd particles with a
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9. S.N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (192
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system composed of host nuclei and
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A simple specific form of beff (p)
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Nuclear Transmutations in Polyethyl
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Furthermore, there are interesting
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The NT’s in phenanthrene [7] may
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explains why there is no neutron em
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T+T Fusion CrossSection (Barn) T+T
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science, the incident energy is so
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When the incident energy approaches
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9. Chadwick, M. B., Oblozinsky, P.,
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He = Em C + m Cm + tmn (C + m Cm
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where k 2 = (2 Md Ea / ħ ) = Md 2
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y altering the shape of the Coulomb
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Analysis and Confirmation of the
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This is the basic Langevin equation
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The fusion rate is calculated by th
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EQPET molecule must go back and con
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Introduction to Challenges and Summ
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notes that the common usage of the
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insufficient to allow us to reprodu
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in the early days of semiconductors
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Water In Acrylic Toppiece Gas Tube
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Much of this uncertainty would be r
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Figure 5. The effect of input power
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maximum values. From these values w
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considerably that they were enginee
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Technogies”, in 11th Internationa
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Self-Polarisation of Fusion Diodes:
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We propose that in this field of on
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Results A. Self-sustained voltage O
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Figure 6. Differential calorimeter
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Weight of Evidence for the Fleischm
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Figure 1. Multiple support for a hy
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P(D | T) = P(T | D) P(D) / P(T) = 0
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For more information about Bayesian
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positive is in the range 0.980 ± 0
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With the notation Emn = “m heads
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3.1. Selected papers Cravens and Le
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Table 3. P(Eif | Pf) Table 4. P(Ein
Page 271 and 272: Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”
Page 273 and 274: 4. J. Breese and D. Koller, “Tuto
Page 275 and 276: Taking the nuclear origin of copiou
Page 277 and 278: The evolution of protoscience into
Page 279 and 280: References 1. Mosier-Boss, P.A., et
Page 281 and 282: Cold fusion (CF) is a potentially r
Page 283 and 284: ISCMNS has initiated a CF-dedicated
Page 285 and 286: Table 2. Current Methods and Propos
Page 287 and 288: For the CF/OSSc project, the ISCMNS
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Page 293 and 294: Honoring Pioneers For most fields o
Page 295 and 296: A&Z introduced new terms to describ
Page 297 and 298: The top portion of Fig. 3 shows plo
Page 299 and 300: Figure 7. New catalyst shows nano-P
Page 301 and 302: catalyst to outer vessel wall is 7
Page 303 and 304: Establishment of the “Solid Fusio
Page 305 and 306: Figure 1. Experimental Device Figur
Page 307 and 308: [The protocol for producing the ZrO
Page 309 and 310: Figure 5A. Comparison of generation
Page 311 and 312: Figure 6. Gas pressure characterist
Page 313 and 314: Note on Sources The Abstract is a r
Page 315 and 316: 37. Arata Y, Zhang Y-C; Proc. Japan
Page 317 and 318: LENR Research using Co-Deposition S
Page 319 and 320: that the tritium production was spo
Page 321: (a) (b) (c) Figure 4. Images obtain
Page 325 and 326: 7. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, S.R.
Page 327 and 328: 17. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and
Page 329 and 330: Preparata Prize Acceptance Speech I
Page 331 and 332: Cold Fusion Country History Project
Page 333 and 334: 2. “Condensed Matter Nuclear Scie
Page 335 and 336: need for a coordinated effort in ma
Page 337 and 338: Colloid J. USSR 48, 8(1986)). In 19
Page 339 and 340: scientists on the problem of Cold F
Page 341 and 342: Financial support for the conferenc
Page 343 and 344: Author Index Pages are in Volume 1
Page 345: Wang, J., 299 Watanabe, A., 338 Wei
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