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plan is to also measure any He-4 generated, presumably within the metal particles as originally claimed by Arata and Zhang. Parchamazad et al. explored the possibility of producing Pd particles in the well-characterized pores in the zeolites. These pores have useful characteristics for chemical catalysis. The authors believe some interesting phenomena similar to gas-metal reactions reported by others might be observed in this unique environment. Kasagi et al. described a uniquely-designed detection system for high energy charged particles (alphas?) hypothesized to be emitted from the permeation of D2 gas through the complex Pd/CaO films used by Iwamura, et al. in which transmutations Cs→Pr and Sr→Mo have been claimed. The authors have done a heroic job of particle detection and claim that even 3 counts per day are significantly above the cosmic ray background. Discussion Considering the size of the material and temperature conditions matrix among the solids and gases energized by Pons and Fleischmann’s initial 1989 announcement, it is small wonder that we have only scratched the surface of possible experiments. Still lacking is a definitive measurement of both excess energy and the hypothesized He-4 ashes from that excess energy. Professor Arata and Dr. Zhang have come the closest to this objective but clearly such a clear cut connection would be the holy grail of this scientific research. Many of the papers at ICCF-14 were light on hard evidence and heavy on hopes for more detailed experimental evidence. The lack of robust funding is the greatest impediment to resolving the scientific issues associated with this subject. Thanks to everyone who participated in this meeting. I invite all my readers of this all too brief and inadequate summary to scan all the published papers. There are nuggets of helpful information in many of them that may eventually lead to one of the most significant research results in the past 200 years. Acknowledgements I ask forgiveness from authors of many worthy papers not covered in this summary. My only hope is that this inadequate sampling will induce the reader to thoroughly mine the treasures to be found in many more of the ICCF-14 papers. The encouragement and assistance in this endeavor by Co-chairmen David Nagel and Michael Melich is gratefully appreciated. 741
Honoring Pioneers For most fields of science, there are one or two people who are essentially the originators of the field. In many very important areas, they are the people recognized by receiving a Nobel Prize or some other major prize. Fleischmann and Pons are those people in this field. Then, there are other intellectual pioneers, who have two characteristics. They were active in the early days of the field and they made major contributions. In the case of LENR, there are very roughly a dozen such people, most of them still alive. However, the scientists who pioneered the study of nuclear reactions induced by chemical effects are relatively old. Many of them were at or near retirement, when the field originated two decades ago. Some of them were recognized after their death, as is the case with Professor Guiliano Preparata, who later had a medal named after him. The organizers of ICCF-14 were moved by the notion that it is appropriate to honor key members of the LENR community while they are still alive and contributing. But, there were and are are too many such scientists to honor within the time constraints of one conference. Hence, two particularly important leaders were singled out for recognition. They were Yoshiaki Arata from Japan and Stanislaw Szpak from the US. The form of the honor was a pair of sessions, each devoted to the work of those individuals. Commemorative plaques were presented to the two pioneers. Broad reviews of the work and results of Arata and Szpak were presented. This appendix contains the papers that resulted from the two sessions. Talbot Chubb graciously agreed to introduce the work of Professor Arata. That introduction is summarized in the following paper. It set the stage for a presentation by Professor Arata on his recent and remarkable findings. He described the development of a “solid fusion” reactor that he invented and still studies with his long-time collaborator, Dr. Yue-Chang Zhang. Their data shows that the reactor, loaded with Pd nanoparticles coated with zirconia and pressurized with deuterium gas, produced nuclear heat for “hundreds of hours”. When operated with hydrogen gas, no heat was produced. The remarkable demonstration was accomplished with no electrical power input to the reactor during the heat-producing runs. Frank Gordon organized the session honoring Dr. Szpak, who was unable to travel to participate in the session. His colleagues presented both what was done and what was found, while using the “co-deposition” technique, which was invented by Szpak. In that method, there is no need to acquire and characterize Pd metal for use as the cathode in electrolytic LENR experiments. Rather, the Pd is deposited from a heavy water electrolyte. Such an experiment takes less time than those in which a sheet or rod of Pd is loaded with hydrogen isotopes. The team found a wide variety of effects during the last two decades, which were systematically reviewed at ICCF-14. A paper summarizing those findings follows. The last paper in this section is a set of references to 21 papers published by Szpak’s group in refereed journals. Brief comments on each of the papers are provided in the set of references. 742
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Proceedings of the 14th Internation
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Table of Contents VOLUME 1 Preface
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Photon Measurements 326 Excess Heat
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Investigation of Deuteron-Deuteron
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Introduction to Cavitation Experime
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Bubble Driven Fusion Roger Stringha
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to the density of muon fusion syste
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4.184 Joules/calorie to give Qo. No
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References 1. M. P. Brenner, S. Hil
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Experiments on stimulation of cavit
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foil (thickness 0.1 mm) was situate
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the external surface of thick wall
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Introduction to Materials The outco
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the foils, and the effects of subse
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Material Science on Pd-D System to
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level required higher current compa
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morphology, and surface morphology
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Figure 11. Evolution of the input a
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Electrode Surface Morphology Charac
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fundamental peak; on the other hand
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RPSD@ max (x10 -32 m 4 ) 0.20 0.10
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2. V. Violante, F. Sarto, E.Castagn
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Experimental Starting with the meta
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Figure 3.1. A typical database reco
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palladium lot as received. Differen
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Condensed Matter “Cluster” Reac
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Loading Measurements A high-vacuum
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Reaction Rate Estimates An estimate
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References 1. Andrei Lipson, Brent
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Introduction to the Theory Papers P
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Foundations: Experimental Evidence,
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Such results are applicable to a wi
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electrostatic fields, that could ge
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Theory Papers 1. V. Adamenko & V.I.
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Figure 1. The general view and deta
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So with a high probability the unkn
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Potential energy of pair (without m
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the corresponding electron wave fun
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applicable in case of interaction o
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The expression in the exponent of (
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Empirical System Identification (ES
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esults of the previous sections to
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The higher the mass of a particle (
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The Hubbard model [18, 19], along w
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A B Figure 2. Atomic Arrangements o
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deuterons, their interaction is aff
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expected in D-D reactions is that w
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It is being argued that, while heav
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with odd permutations weighted by -
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20. C. Elsasser, K.M. Ho, C.T. Chan
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must have positive Bose Exchange sy
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these different statements that ref
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Fig.2 shows a pictorial representat
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(a) A Pictorial Representation of V
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esonance” can take place, in whic
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interior boundaries of the ordered
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Interface Model of Cold Fusion Talb
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D + Bloch "atom" sublayer, 3) epita
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sometimes stimulating an irreversib
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Toward an Explanation of Transmutat
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Given the well-established validity
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The next question is, therefore, if
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An Experimental Device to Test the
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Figure 1. Palladium/deuterium total
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Experimental Reaction enthalpies of
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10. J. Dufour, X. Dufour, D. Murat
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Together with the Coulomb-repulsion
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“The Coulomb Barrier not Static i
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2 16 2 gc 27 3 So, a solution for
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Moreover, we study the “nuclear e
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Then, according to the loading quan
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Having mapped that the -phase depen
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Considering the attractive force, d
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The expression (45) was partially e
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Table 1. Using the phase potential
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10. A.De Ninno et al. Europhysics L
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Fusion system still outperformed th
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Van der Waals attraction occurs at
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Quantum Fusion (QF) Quantum Fusion
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Energy exchange There is some exper
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of the weak coupling matrix element
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Figure 3. Energy levels that contri
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Input to Theory from Experiment in
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substrate, and excess heat is obser
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4. Laser stimulation Letts and Crav
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energetic particles are produced, o
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15. K. Kunimatsu, N. Hasegawa, A. K
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A Theoretical Formulation for Probl
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at some point we will require tools
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3. Matrix element example The appro
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Now the wavefunction on the RHS has
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Theory of Low-Energy Deuterium Fusi
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If mobile deuterons in a metal are
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allowed since [Z1/m1] = [Z2/m2], an
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traps (in 3g of Pd particles with a
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9. S.N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (192
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system composed of host nuclei and
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A simple specific form of beff (p)
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Nuclear Transmutations in Polyethyl
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Furthermore, there are interesting
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The NT’s in phenanthrene [7] may
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explains why there is no neutron em
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T+T Fusion CrossSection (Barn) T+T
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science, the incident energy is so
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When the incident energy approaches
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9. Chadwick, M. B., Oblozinsky, P.,
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He = Em C + m Cm + tmn (C + m Cm
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where k 2 = (2 Md Ea / ħ ) = Md 2
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y altering the shape of the Coulomb
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Analysis and Confirmation of the
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This is the basic Langevin equation
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The fusion rate is calculated by th
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EQPET molecule must go back and con
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Introduction to Challenges and Summ
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notes that the common usage of the
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insufficient to allow us to reprodu
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in the early days of semiconductors
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Water In Acrylic Toppiece Gas Tube
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Much of this uncertainty would be r
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Figure 5. The effect of input power
Page 241 and 242: maximum values. From these values w
Page 243 and 244: considerably that they were enginee
Page 245 and 246: Technogies”, in 11th Internationa
Page 247 and 248: Self-Polarisation of Fusion Diodes:
Page 249 and 250: We propose that in this field of on
Page 251 and 252: Results A. Self-sustained voltage O
Page 253 and 254: Figure 6. Differential calorimeter
Page 255 and 256: Weight of Evidence for the Fleischm
Page 257 and 258: Figure 1. Multiple support for a hy
Page 259 and 260: P(D | T) = P(T | D) P(D) / P(T) = 0
Page 261 and 262: For more information about Bayesian
Page 263 and 264: positive is in the range 0.980 ± 0
Page 265 and 266: With the notation Emn = “m heads
Page 267 and 268: 3.1. Selected papers Cravens and Le
Page 269 and 270: Table 3. P(Eif | Pf) Table 4. P(Ein
Page 271 and 272: Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”
Page 273 and 274: 4. J. Breese and D. Koller, “Tuto
Page 275 and 276: Taking the nuclear origin of copiou
Page 277 and 278: The evolution of protoscience into
Page 279 and 280: References 1. Mosier-Boss, P.A., et
Page 281 and 282: Cold fusion (CF) is a potentially r
Page 283 and 284: ISCMNS has initiated a CF-dedicated
Page 285 and 286: Table 2. Current Methods and Propos
Page 287 and 288: For the CF/OSSc project, the ISCMNS
Page 289 and 290: ole of skeptical mainstream physici
Page 291: sized Pd and Pd alloy particles. Ap
Page 295 and 296: A&Z introduced new terms to describ
Page 297 and 298: The top portion of Fig. 3 shows plo
Page 299 and 300: Figure 7. New catalyst shows nano-P
Page 301 and 302: catalyst to outer vessel wall is 7
Page 303 and 304: Establishment of the “Solid Fusio
Page 305 and 306: Figure 1. Experimental Device Figur
Page 307 and 308: [The protocol for producing the ZrO
Page 309 and 310: Figure 5A. Comparison of generation
Page 311 and 312: Figure 6. Gas pressure characterist
Page 313 and 314: Note on Sources The Abstract is a r
Page 315 and 316: 37. Arata Y, Zhang Y-C; Proc. Japan
Page 317 and 318: LENR Research using Co-Deposition S
Page 319 and 320: that the tritium production was spo
Page 321 and 322: (a) (b) (c) Figure 4. Images obtain
Page 323 and 324: SPAWAR Systems Center-Pacific Pd:D
Page 325 and 326: 7. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, S.R.
Page 327 and 328: 17. S. Szpak, P.A. Mosier-Boss, and
Page 329 and 330: Preparata Prize Acceptance Speech I
Page 331 and 332: Cold Fusion Country History Project
Page 333 and 334: 2. “Condensed Matter Nuclear Scie
Page 335 and 336: need for a coordinated effort in ma
Page 337 and 338: Colloid J. USSR 48, 8(1986)). In 19
Page 339 and 340: scientists on the problem of Cold F
Page 341 and 342: Financial support for the conferenc
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Author Index Pages are in Volume 1
Page 345:
Wang, J., 299 Watanabe, A., 338 Wei
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