Urban Poverty & Climate Change in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania:

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Photo 5: Open drainage in Hanna Nassif, constructed during community-based settlement upgrading 76 Source: UN-HABITAT (2010) Community Infrastructural Upgrading Programme (CIUP) The Community Infrastructural Upgrading Programme (CIUP) is operating under the auspices of the Local Government Support Project (LGSP), financed by the World Bank and supported by the UNDP and ILO. Introduced in 2001 as a community driven infrastructure upgrading program targeting unplanned areas, it operates in 9 wards and 31 Mtaas. The project aims at improving physical infrastructure such as stormwater drainage networks and strengthening the capacity of communities to better help themselves, especially those living in unplanned settlements. It also aims at eliminating poverty and disease, as well as child labor, through which family income is sometimes supplemented. Other factors considered for support under the CIUP include insecurity of land tenure, poor sanitation or environmental conditions, high unemployment rates, high population density, high crime rate, and social or environmental isolation. The City Council has been engaged in a detailed baseline study for this project. Over 2005- 2010, communities were classified for priority infrastructural development on the basis of cholera epidemics, congestion of houses, lack of services, flooding and poverty (poor housing, toilets, low income). This study covered 20 percent of the city’s unplanned settlements – a population of 300,000 (13 percent of the city’s population). For areas chosen on the basis of the baseline study, technical project staff works with grassroots municipal extension staff in facilitating bottom-up planning with Mtaa residents and their leaders. Community awareness, capacity building and involvement are important elements of the program. Activities are jointly identified with communities and technocrats, and the level of community contribution in cash (financial contribution is usually 30 percent, with each household contributing), in-kind (in the form of labor power) and budget are decided and agreed upon. Experts determine infrastructure layout, and contractors are asked
to give employment priority to community residents. Community planning and facilitation tools are adapted for each municipality to facilitate democratic planning through an iterative process. Only one Mtaa studied by the case study team for the household surveys and onsite observations was involved in CIUP, Kigogo Mkwajuni. The study team attended one of its CIUP facilitation meetings. African Urban Risk Analysis Network (AURAN) Project Phases I and II AURAN is an initiative of leading NGOs and universities in African urban areas, supported by UNDP and ProVention. In its first phase, which started in 2004, partners focused on seven cities in Africa, including Dar es Salaam, and worked on issues pertaining to vulnerable groups in informal settlements. As part of this work, the Ardhi University Disaster Management Training Centre in Dar es Salaam identified disaster risks and developed risk reduction training programs in three informal settlements in the city. Phase 2 (which started in 2008 and ended in 2009) focused on mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in urban planning practice, and conducted an in-depth study of the Monde la Mpunga settlement (Kinondoni Municipality) to arrive at several policy as well as technical recommendations (see Box 4 for a snapshot of this study). 77
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Final Report Urban Poverty & Climat
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5.2 Relevant policies..............
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List of Boxes Box 1 Flood Early War
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NLFEP NSSCP NTD PMI PMORALG PRB PRE
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over coming decades in Dar es Salaa
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1 Introduction 1.1 Background to th
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water is unsafe for household use.
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Figure 1(a) shows Dar es Salaam’s
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For each location, the area leader
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displays the major zones. Natural v
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Figure 5: Trend of mean minimum tem
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Figure 9: Number of rain days per y
Page 25 and 26: Table 2: Information on significant
Page 27 and 28: Figure 12: Projected mean annual te
Page 29 and 30: Figure 15: Projections of monthly p
Page 31 and 32: Table 3 Population and assets expos
Page 33 and 34: climatic events (e.g., the droughts
Page 35 and 36: Bank, 2002). IFPRI (2006) also show
Page 37 and 38: quality. Olvera et al. (2002) state
Page 39 and 40: Several agencies are engaged in hou
Page 41 and 42: water table and poor drainage syste
Page 43 and 44: Figure 20: Illnesses and diseases s
Page 45 and 46: 158 cases of cholera in 2009 (6 bel
Page 47 and 48: providing a suitable breeding groun
Page 49 and 50: asked about strategies used to comb
Page 51 and 52: From Table 5, it may be seen that a
Page 53 and 54: contaminated rivers that not only c
Page 55 and 56: The link between climate and income
Page 57 and 58: 4 The Urban Poverty - Climate Chang
Page 59 and 60: (vi) Kunduchi and Bahari Beach Thes
Page 61 and 62: Figure 25: Flood hazard zone map ov
Page 63 and 64: Photo 3 Waste-dumping along storm-w
Page 65 and 66: disease incidence. Prolonged drough
Page 67 and 68: Figure 28 (b) Modeled flood extent
Page 69 and 70: 4.3 Poverty, pollution and GHG emit
Page 71 and 72: households) and gas (3 percent). Ta
Page 73 and 74: Box 3: Roles of the City Council an
Page 75: 5.3 Programs and projects 5.3.1 Red
Page 79 and 80: Improvements were undertaken by cit
Page 81 and 82: 5.3.3 Mitigation-Friendly Policies
Page 83 and 84: 4 GEF Trust Fund - Climate Change f
Page 85 and 86: 6.1 Proposed areas for support Supp
Page 87 and 88: change, so that they could formulat
Page 89 and 90: • In-depth analysis is needed of
Page 91 and 92: Kyessi, S and Kyessi, A. (2007). Re
Page 93 and 94: 93 Annex 1 (a) URBAN POVERTY AND CL
Page 95 and 96: Table 2: Construction Materials Wal
Page 97 and 98: ...................................
Page 99 and 100: 31. How does your water taste: 1.Go
Page 101 and 102: 1. Monthly ( ) 2. Three to six mont
Page 103 and 104: 49. Rank five (5) major problems fa
Page 105 and 106: 54. What activities/behaviour pract
Page 107 and 108: water drainage channel 2.1 Assessme
Page 109 and 110: 109 Annex 1(b) URBAN POVERTY AND CL
Page 111 and 112: No 1 Name of City Program Instituti
Page 113 and 114: 113 Annex 1 (c) URBAN POVERTY AND C
Page 115 and 116: 3 Environmental Monitoring 4 Beach
Page 117 and 118: No Type of poverty alleviation supp
Page 119 and 120: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW CHECKLIST 1
Page 121 and 122: Dar Es Salaam Administrative Struct
Page 123 and 124: CITY COUNCIL Officials Interviewed
Page 125 and 126: Ubungo Kibangu Paul Thomas Tabata-M
Page 127 and 128:
A simplified flowchart of the metho
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connected together by connection no
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