The North Seas Countries' Offshore Grid Initiative - Initial ... - Benelux

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Germany and Great Britain) and between nations in the development of interconnectors. However, in showing the potential benefits of the development of a meshed grid over a radial approach, this report seeks to answer the question of how best to exploit future offshore generation resources – by continuing to ‘go it alone’, or by ‘doing it together’? Table 1-1 below presents a generally accepted hypothesis that motivated this offshore grid study. The cost indications in the table refer only to offshore assets. While the results of this study may not have conclusively proven the points in the table, the hypothesis remains sound. Table 1-1 Exploitation of offshore generation resources How to exploit offshore generation resources Scenarios (Note: both meet renewables targets, but in different ways) High offshore deployment (High levels of new RES deployed offshore) Low offshore deployment (CCS, nuclear, onshore wind and less offshore generation than above) “Do-it-alone” Each MS has own regulatory regime, and works alone to connect offshore generation radially or in national integrated hubs More expensive, less efficient, leading to possible unnecessary redundancy compared to coordinated approach Less expensive than for high deployment, as less generation connected “Do-it-together” MSs work together to build a shared / integrated network offshore Relatively less expensive than do-it-alone Opportunity to optimise international network Benefits from coordination is smaller as fewer resources to be connected. May be some benefits on a project-by-project basis 1.1.4 The development of plausible grid configuration designs by 2030 In the NSCOGI MoU of December 2010, Ministers asked Working Group 1 (WG1) to identify plausible grid scenarios for onshore and offshore grid infrastructure in 2030. These were to be based on the simultaneous consideration of baseline overviews of Government policies and grid conditions. In this context, ‘scenarios’ are understood as conceptual offshore grid designs based on plausible market modelling simulations. Grid cables have a very long life (40 to 50 years) and the location and placement of offshore wind farms should also be expected to last for a long time, as other generation Page 6 of 142
facilities using other primary resources do. Investment decisions therefore need to be made for the long term and should be thoroughly prepared and planned. The conceptual offshore grid designs contained in this report are intended to prepare the market and decision makers for the possible future grid development that could be needed between now and 2030. The grid designs should potentially contribute to identify and potentially mitigate bottlenecks in the onshore grid system and facilitate the greater integration of electricity markets in the region. The grid designs take account of the envisioned developments in new technology and make assumptions on the price of technology as elaborated in [5]. The generation and load assumptions for the Reference scenario were based on the EU’s latest available PRIMES scenario, which were adapted by each Government to present their best view on 2030. This status of best views was collected in summer 2011 and so may have changed since then. In general it makes a difference if a scenario is based on collected national information or on a modelled vision based on an implicit consistent European policy, which might even include an investment model for electricity production facilities. In a collected scenario the different countries might take different decisions for reaching a similar target – or even the different national targets. Although each national contribution may be the result of sophisticated government modelling, it is always hard to estimate the neighbours’ decisions and behaviour due to lack of information. Associated technical characteristics was added to the collected national data and processed in the TSO’s various models. 1.1.5 Stepwise development of an offshore grid The future-looking assessment of the possible developments of an offshore grid is based on a number of principles that impact the electricity system designs included in this document. In its publication on the North Seas Grid development in February 2011 3 ENTSO-E assumed that the pattern of offshore grid development would follow interim steps, under which current radial approaches would be followed by concentration patterns (‘local coordination’ and ‘international coordination’) before (fully) meshed designs were adopted, Figure 1-3. This same evolution of an offshore grid is also assumed in this report. 3 ENTSO-E: Offshore Grid Development in the North Sea - ENTSO-E views – Feb 2011 https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/_library/position_papers/110202_NSOG_ENTSO- E_Views.pdf Page 7 of 142
Page 1 and 2: The North Seas Countries’ Offshor
Page 3 and 4: 5.1.5 Comparison of Costs and Calcu
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary Recognising the i
Page 7 and 8: Approach adopted The process adopte
Page 9 and 10: Figure 0-3 Comparison of installed
Page 11 and 12: Figure 0-6 Meshed Grid Design for 2
Page 13 and 14: 1 Background and Context (Programme
Page 15 and 16: 1.1.2 Statement of Aims and Objecti
Page 17: Scope The information contained wit
Page 21 and 22: The results of this study compare t
Page 23 and 24: 1.1.7 Scenario based planning and T
Page 25 and 26: 2 Methodology Overview 2.1 Overview
Page 27 and 28: 2.3 Market Modelling I System Adequ
Page 29 and 30: 3 Development of the 2030 Hypothesi
Page 31 and 32: In the use of data it is important
Page 33 and 34: than a best view approach. A scenar
Page 35 and 36: 3.4 Assumptions In addition to the
Page 37 and 38: Figure 3-6TYNDP Projects 2012 - 201
Page 39 and 40: References. All other generation /
Page 41 and 42: meets some portion of its demand us
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4-4 Import/Export Balance as
Page 45 and 46: 5 Grid designs 5.1 Grid Configurati
Page 47 and 48: Figure 5-1 Radial Grid Design for 2
Page 49 and 50: 5.1.1 Statistics for Grid Design Op
Page 51 and 52: 5.1.2 Investment Costs for Grid Des
Page 53 and 54: CAPEX [€'m] 14,000 12,000 10,000
Page 55 and 56: CAPEX [€'m] 35,000 30,000 25,000
Page 57 and 58: 5.1.4.1 Annual Production Cost Savi
Page 59 and 60: increased interconnection, coal-fir
Page 61 and 62: There is a large increase in gross
Page 63 and 64: The costs and the benefits for the
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5-16 : Map of OWP locations
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5-18 : Map of meshed grid de
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To provide an indication of total c
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6 Conclusions and Outlook 6.1 Discu
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Going forward, additional scenarios
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Therefore, if future targets are li
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Continuing this initiative will hel
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A 1 Detailed Description of Methodo
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Figure 7-2 High level Process overv
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In particular, PEMMDB generation an
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A 1.3 Grid Expansion Approach (Grid
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Table 7-1: Summary of the Model Par
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Technology choices that were consid
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configurations that typically consi
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A 2 NSCOGI reference scenario - det
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A 2.2 Details by country- Belgium I
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A 2.4 Details by country- France In
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A 2.6 Details by country- Great Bri
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A 2.8 Details by country- Luxembour
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A 2.10 Details by country- Netherla
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A 2.12 Details by country- Sweden I
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A 3 Country specific comments The f
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to the Netherlands are much lower,
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A 3.2 Country-specific comments - D
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For the meshed design, only the int
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Interconnectors The total France -
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The main RES+ Scenario challenge fo
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connected directly to the shore. On
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A 3.5 Country-specific comments - G
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RES+ commentary The RES+ sensitivit
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Table 7-6 Offshore Generation level
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A 3.7 Country-specific comments - L
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There are no overloads on the cross
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Table 7-7 Bottlenecks in the Dutch
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Interconnectors The radial design i
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In the meshed design the connection
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A 5 Abbreviations ACER Agency for t
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A 6 List of References Background M
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National (Grid) Development Plans [
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