FEMA P-499: Home Builder's Guide to Coastal Construction

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5 WALL SYSTEMS Additional Resources American Tree Farm System®, ATFS (http://www.treefarmsystem.org/index.shtml). Forest Stewardship Council, FSC (http://www.fsc-info.org) International Code Council. International Building Code. 2009. (http://www.iccsafe.org) International Code Council. International Residential Code. 2009. (http://www.iccsafe.org) Sustainable Forestry Initiative® Program, SFI (http://www.sfiprogram.org) Vinyl Siding Institute, VSI (http://www.vinylsiding.org) 8 of 8 12/10 Developed in association with the National Association of Home Builders Research Center 5.3: SIDING INSTALLATION IN HIGH-WIND REGIONS HOME BUILDER’S GUIDE TO COASTAL CONSTRUCTION
Attachment of Brick Veneer in High-Wind Regions HOME BUILDER’S GUIDE TO COASTAL CONSTRUCTION Technical Fact Sheet No. 5.4 Purpose: To recommend practices for installing brick veneer that will enhance wind resistance in high-wind regions (i.e., greater than 90-miles per hour [mph] basic [gust design] wind speed). 1 Key Issues n When not adequately attached, brick veneer is frequently blown off walls of residential and nonresidential buildings during hurricanes (Figure 1). When brick veneer fails, wind-driven water can enter and damage buildings, and building occupants can be vulnerable to injury from windborne debris (particularly if walls are sheathed with plastic foam insulation or wood fiberboard instead of wood panels). Pedestrians in the vicinity of damaged walls can also be vulnerable to injury from falling veneer (Figure 2). n Common failure modes include tie (anchor) corrosion (Figure 3), tie fastener pull-out (Figure 4), failure of masons to embed ties into the mortar (Figure 5), and poor bonding between ties and mortar and mortar of poor quality (Figure 6). n Ties are often installed before brick laying begins. When this is done, ties are often improperly placed above or below the mortar joints. When misaligned, the ties must be angled up or down in order for the ties to be embedded into the mortar joints (Figure 7). Misalignment not only reduces embedment depth, but also reduces the effectiveness of the ties because wind forces do not act parallel to the ties themselves. n Corrugated ties typically used in residential veneer construction provide little resistance to compressive loads. Use of compression struts would likely be beneficial, but off-the-shelf devices do not currently exist. Two-piece adjustable ties (Figure 8) provide significantly greater compressive strength than corrugated ties and are, therefore, recommended. However, if corrugated ties are used, it is recommended that they be installed as shown in Figures 9 and 10 in order to enhance their wind performance. 1 The 90 mph speed is based on ASCE 7-05. If ASCE 7-10 is being used, the equivalent wind speed trigger is 115 mph for Risk Category II buildings. Figure 1. Failed brick veneer over plywood. Many of the ties are still attached to the substrate, but several of the tie fasteners pulled out of the substrate and the ties are embedded in the collapsed veneer. Estimated wind speed: 107 miles per hour (peak gust, Exposure C, at 33 feet). Figure 2. The upper portion of the brick veneer at this apartment building collapsed. Pedestrian and vehicular traffic in the vicinity of the damaged wall are vulnerable to injury and damage if remaining portions of the wall were to collapse during subsequent storms. 5.4: ATTACHMENT OF BRICK VENEER IN HIGH WIND REGIONS HOME BUILDER’S GUIDE TO COASTAL CONSTRUCTION 1 of 5 12/10 WALL SYSTEMS 5
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Home Builder’s Guide to Coastal C
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G GUIDE 2 of 6 12/10 Fact Sheet No.
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G GUIDE 4 of 6 12/10 Fact Sheet No.
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G GUIDE 6 of 6 12/10 Category Categ
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1 GENERAL What Should Owners and Ho
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Summary of Coastal Construction Req
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Foundation Orientation of Lowest Ho
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Certification Elevation NFIP 60.3(b
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Coastal Construction Requirements a
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Coastal Construction Requirements a
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Using a Digital Flood Insurance Rat
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Sample DFIRM This map is a portion
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Lowest Floor Elevation HOME BUILDER
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V Zone Design and Construction Cert
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Designing for Flood Levels Above th
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FIRMs depict the limits of flooding
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Figure 6. Mold and biological/chemi
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Other Considerations As previously
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Coastal Building Materials HOME BUI
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Location of Material Use Name of Ma
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n Metal-plate-connected trusses sho
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Non-Traditional Building Materials
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Things to consider if building with
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Figure 5. An example of a wall cavi
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Moisture Barrier Systems HOME BUILD
Page 53 and 54: How Do Siting and Design Decisions
Page 55 and 56: Selecting a Lot and Siting the Buil
Page 57 and 58: Foundations in Coastal Areas HOME B
Page 59: prohibited in V Zones but are recom
Page 62 and 63: 3 FOUNDATIONS Table 1. Example foun
Page 64 and 65: 3 FOUNDATIONS Additional Resources
Page 66 and 67: 3 FOUNDATIONS 2 of 6 12/10 Figure 2
Page 68 and 69: 3 FOUNDATIONS 4 of 6 12/10 Figure 4
Page 70 and 71: 3 FOUNDATIONS Additional Resources
Page 72 and 73: 3 FOUNDATIONS Piers vs. Piles Pier
Page 75 and 76: HOME BUILDER’S GUIDE TO COASTAL C
Page 77: If a stemwall and floor slab system
Page 80 and 81: 4 LOAD PATHS If a connection fails,
Page 82 and 83: 4 LOAD PATHS Gable end wall - cut c
Page 85 and 86: Use of Connectors and Brackets HOME
Page 87 and 88: Important These are examples of typ
Page 89 and 90: Housewrap HOME BUILDER’S GUIDE TO
Page 91: n Improper integration with flashin
Page 94 and 95: 5 WALL SYSTEMS 2 of 3 12/10 Figure
Page 97 and 98: Siding Installation in High-Wind Re
Page 99 and 100: n Use aluminum, galvanized steel, o
Page 101 and 102: Figure 8b. Wood siding installation
Page 103: Energy Conservation and Air Barrier
Page 107 and 108: Construction Guidance The brick ven
Page 109: Table 1. Brick Veneer Tie Spacing N
Page 112 and 113: 6 OPENINGS Although not discussed i
Page 115 and 116: Protection of Openings- Shutters an
Page 117 and 118: What Types of Shutters Are Availabl
Page 119 and 120: Are There Special Requirements for
Page 121 and 122: Roof Sheathing Installation HOME BU
Page 123: Common Sheathing Attachment Mistake
Page 126 and 127: 7 ROOFING 5. Apply a single layer o
Page 129 and 130: Asphalt Shingle Roofing for High Wi
Page 131: After the shingles have been expose
Page 134 and 135: 7 ROOFING Design and Construction G
Page 137 and 138: Minimizing Water Intrusion Through
Page 139 and 140: Checking Soffit Material Installati
Page 141 and 142: Figure 8. This metal ridge vent was
Page 143 and 144: Gable Rake Vents Key Issues n Gable
Page 145 and 146: Metal Roof Systems in High-Wind Reg
Page 147 and 148: Construction Guidance n Consult loc
Page 149: Additional Resources For general in
Page 152 and 153: 8 ATTACHMENTS Space Below the BFE
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8 ATTACHMENTS n Siding used on the
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Decks, Pools, and Accessory Structu
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uildings. Pools can be designed to
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Purpose: To identify the special co
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Fuel n Fuel tanks should be install
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9 REPAIRS n Pre-FIRM or post-FIRM b
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9 REPAIRS n If a lateral addition c
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9 REPAIRS Enclosures of Areas Below
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Repairs, Remodeling, Additions, and
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Vertical additions may also impose
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n Soffits should be inspected follo
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References and Resources HOME BUILD
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FEMA. NFIP Technical Bulletin 5-08,
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FEMA P-499: Home Builder's Guide to Coastal Construction

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