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Contains about 100 species in 17 families. Comparatively few studied in India. Only one family is important. Fam. Pulicidae. E. gallinaceus on bandicoot, poultry, cat, dog, porcupine etc. P. irritans on man. dogs, near rats, on fox etc. X. cheopis, Common all over India. Chief hosts rat and man. A carrier of Bubonic plague, supposed to have been introduced into India by this species in 1896 or so from the Nile valley. Comparatively rare in plains of Bengal, Madras etc. Read: Sharif M. (1930) Rec. Ind. Mus. 32:20 Revision of Siphonaptera (1937) Parasitology 29:225 Life history and biology of Rat Ilea. ORdlr Hymenoptera (PI, IV) Contains 3-4 apparently different kinds of insects e.g. saw flies, wasps, ants, bees. Common important characters are (1) Abdomen joined to thorax by a flexible joint, not easily visible in saw flies and bees, (2) Four membranous wings, front pair much larger, few nerves and enclosed spaces, (3) Thorax compact, united, (4) Females furnished with a sting, ovipositor, a saw or a borer, (5) Three natural sections, head, thorax and abdomen distinct. Mandibles always present even when other parts of the mouth modified. Larvae vermiform, footless except in a few, eg. saw flies. Pupa enclosed in membrane clearly seen. Generally highly organised, living in communities. Some produce useful products like honey, some parasitise destructive insects, a few hannful plant pests. Classification changed often. At present divided into 2 sub-orders (1) Symphyta (Calastogaster) including families having abdomen broadly attached to thorax, larvae with abdomenal legs. (2) Apocrita (Clistogaster) — Abdomen deeply constricted between 1st and 2nd segments. Larvae without legs. _________________________ Sub-order Symphyta Fam. Tenthredinidae( PI. IV, Fig. 49)—Saw-flies. More than 2,500 species described, about 100 known in India. One serious pest on FAUNA 458
cruciferous crops. A, proxmia ( क वर ल क ळ शांचे टो ) Soft, dark, thorax red, smoky wings. l< 5-7 mm. Ovipositor converted into a saw. Eggs in plant tissue. Greenish, grey larvae with 3 pairs of thoracic legs and 8 pairs of abdomenal legs feed on leaves, grow to 25-30 mm. change to black velvety, Curl and fall down, feigning death, if disturbed. Pupate in soil, rest in this stage, (See Malaise R. 1932. Rec Ind. Mus. 36:435 Saw flies of the Ind. Mus.). Sub-order Apocri (ग धील माश् ल श्या) (Pयी)
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FAUNA 1
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MAHARASHTRA STATE GAZETTEERS GENERA
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS SHRI V. C. AMB
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I am very much thankful to all the
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draft their parts on the same lines
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Revenue Districts, divided broadly
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ainfall of only about 50 cm on an a
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The second factor is of vital impor
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8. Wonders of wild life.—It would
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to be disturbed by the destruction
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man-eating tigers appear .... Of la
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thus be clear that the odds are hea
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conserving any given species, and t
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sea also and, therefore, both these
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Class : ELASMOBRA NCHII Sub class :
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12 Scoliodon ceylonensis Setna and
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27 Sphyrna blochii (Cuvier) = Day :
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(Forskal). = Day : Trygon uarnak 40
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Muller and Henle. = Day : Rhinopter
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Serial No. = Day : Clupea fimbriata
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usselliana. herring. 81 Nematalosa
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Family: Synodidae 95 Harpodon neher
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Order: ANGUILLIFORMES Family : Mura
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127 Ophichthys apicalis (Bennet) Or
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= Day : Exocoetus altipennis. 142 C
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Comman Eel (Marathi : Vam ) (Muraen
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150 Holocentrus rubrum (Forskal) =
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(Shaw) = Day : Polynemus indicus 16
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= Day : Serranus sonnerati. 181 Epi
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196 Decapterus russellii (Ruppell)
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213 Seriola nigrofasciatus (Ruppell
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Seria l No. Scientific name Popular
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238 Leiognathus lincolatus (Valenci
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(Cuvier) = Day : Diagramma crassisp
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= Day : Sciaena dussumieri. 260 Sci
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= Day : Upeneoides sulphureus. 279
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294 Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus.
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313 Fissilabrus dimidiatus (Valenci
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327 Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray)
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1 Silver Pomfret ( Marathi : Sarang
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Cull pencil fish. Family : Stromate
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364 Bathygobius fuscus (Ruppell) 36
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379 Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton)
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macrolepidotus (Bieeker) = Pay : Cy
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= Day : Balistis mitis. 411 Diodon
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Sharks are of considerable commerci
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Son mushi-Dog fish (Scoliodon sorra
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are not active swimmers like sharks
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species. Members of this group are
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Both these species can be considere
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Khajura, Jitoda or Bekti-Cock-up (L
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dangerous wounds. They mostly inhab
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the sea with fins folded, then spre
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sovereign remedy for the bite of a
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Dara—Monk fish or giant threadfin
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Threadfins are characterised by the
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1 Pivla Hekru—Yellow grouper (Epi
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Though most of die members do not g
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after death. It is essentially algi
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Ratnagiri coast, when large catches
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Kalundar— Pearl spot (Etroplus su
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(32) SCORPION FISHES The family Sco
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sucker-fish, on the other hand, der
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The dragonets belonging to the fami
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(42) OCEAN SUN FISH The two species
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Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) (Peteb
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Family : Cyprinidae Sub-family : Ab
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22 Perilampus atpar (Hamilton.) = D
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= Day : Barbus cosuatis. 38 Puntius
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60 Catla catla (Hamilton- Buchanan)
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81 Schismatorhynchus (Nukta) nukta
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97 Nemacheilus botia (Hamilton) = D
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115 Silonia childrenii (Sykes) = Da
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129 Mystus malabaricus (Jerdon) = D
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lineatus (Cuvier and Valencienners)
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154 Ambassidae baculis (Hamilton- B
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armatus (Lacepede) = Day : Mastacem
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(3) CHILWAS (ChelaorOxygaster spp.)
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second year of its life and breeds
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They attain sexual maturity when th
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Schilbeid fishes known as 'Valanj'
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capillaries are distributed over th
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water and destroy the mosquito larv
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Giant Gourami :The Gourami (Osphron
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case of danger, the young ones also
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authors’ names in parentheses. Th
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Stomatopoda — Chhapgar, B. F. & S
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One form is the jelly-fish or umbre
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Order Narcomedusae Family Aeginidae
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*Names of hosts are those given by
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Bowerbankia imbricataAdams Order Ch
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The class Myzostomida is a very pri
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Lysidice collarisGrube Subfamily On
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are gathered and used for hatching
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The Stomatopoda (e.g. Squilla) have
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Ergasilus polynemiRedkar, Rangnekar
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Family Chondracanthinae Genus Chond
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Nerocila phaeopleuraBleeker (onHist
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Subfamily Penaeinae Genus Penaeus F
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Leander potamiscusKemp Family Palin
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Brachyur Tribe Dromiacea Subtribe D
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Cryptopodia angulata Milne-Edwards
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Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides White
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Pelecypoda This class includes the
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Gibbula swainsonii(Ad.) Genus Calli
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Family Potamididae Genus Potamides
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GenusEunaticinaFischer Eunaticinapo
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Pyrene scripta(Lam.) Pyrene marques
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Mitra amphorella FamilyHarpidae Gen
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GenusPyrunculus Pyrunculus pellyi(S
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FamilyAnomiidae GenusAnomiaLinnaeus
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Petricola bipartitaDesh. GenusMactr
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Solen linearisSpg. FamilyAloididae
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Class Crinoidea Usually stalked, th
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FAUNA 229
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FAUNA 231
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FAUNA 233
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FAUNA 235
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FAUNA 237
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There are two types of development
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Serial Scientific name No. INSECT F
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16. C. olivaceum auranticum Fr. 17.
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ORDER ORTHOPTERA Fam. Acridiidae (S
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44. Cyrtacanthacris (Patanga) succi
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1. Diplatys lefroyi Bur. 1. Psalis
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24. Corydia ornata Sauss. 25. Trich
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Order Siphunculata—Anoplura (Suck
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24 Hilavrita discolorata Dist. 25 S
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21 Empoasca devastans Dist. 22 Typh
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11 A. (Chrysomphalus) aurantii Mask
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19. Macroscytus expansus Sign, 20.
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73. nugriventris Westw 74. fuscus W
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13. Ischnodemus crebus Dist, 14. Is
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1. Eugubinus araneus Dist. 2. Bagau
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53. Nagusta macroloba Berg. 54. Pol
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1. Aeolothrips fasciatus Linn. Fam.
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3. Danaus limniace Cr. V. mutina (T
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29. Cynthia erota (Fab.) (The Cruis
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40. S. lohita M. and S. 1. lazulari
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14. C. amata F. (The Small Salmon A
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2. Amata cyssia Stoll. 3. Amata ext
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5. A. (Chariclea) marginalis Wlk. 6
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59. Tarache upsilon Wlk. 60. Tarach
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115. E. nugatrix Guen. 116. E. apic
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169. O. (Parallelia) algira L. 170.
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223. P. orichalcea F. 224. P. agram
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10. Lymantria incerta Wlk. 11. Lyma
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10. Sangatessa subcurvifera Wlk. 1.
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43. C. fibulata Guen. 44. C. actuar
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1. Clania crameri Westw. Fam. Psych
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8. Surattha invectalis Wlk. 9. Ancy
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62. Bradina admixtalis Wlk. 63. Sco
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116. Lepyrodes geometralis Guen. 11
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18. Anarsia ephippias Meyr 19. Mela
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3. Maniconeura indica Mart. Order :
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2. Simulium auriohirtum Brun. 1. Be
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13. Bombylius wulpi Brun. 14. Bomby
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2. Agromyza phaseoli 3. C. Ophiomyi
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5. M. vetustissima Wlk. 6. M. ventr
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8. Metopius pulehripes Cam. 9. Meto
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2. Hedychridium rugosum Sm. 3. Chry
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15. M. arenaria Fab. 16. M. nudicep
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32. Sima rufonigra Jer. 33. Sima ni
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86. Tapinoma indicum For. 87. Bothr
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8. E. arcuata F. 9. Rhynchium brunn
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21. A. brevipennis Bing. 22. A. api
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1. Halictus sonescens Sm. 2. H. tor
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25. A.ordinatum Sm. 26. A.rasorium
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Fam. Carabidae (Predaceous ground b
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3. C. lineatus F. 4. C. sugillatus
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7. P. suavis Wasm. 8. P. denticulat
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3. Hister chinensis Quen, 4. Hister
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1. Anthrenus vorax Wat, 2. Anthrenu
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2. Rhytinota insidiosa Frm, 3. Rhyt
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6. Pogonopus argentifer Westw. 7. P
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56. A. andrewesi Oh. 57. A. decanus
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109. O. ephippioderus Arr 110. O. s
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3. Lema subiridea Jac. 4. L. downes
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57. Aulacophora foveicollis (Luc.)
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111. Dactylispa filiola Weis. 112.
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1. Blosyrus inequalis Boh. 2. Blosy
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SHORT NOTES ON ORDERS, FAMILIES AND
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pterygota—winged or secondarily a
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27 mm. H.W. 17 mm. Blue. Blue spots
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mm. H.W. 22-23 mm. Thorax bluish, l
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Sub-family Acridinae. Subaquatic, s
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and Goa forests. Nymphs green, ante
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ORDER PHASMIDA (LEAF AND STICK INSE
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gently curved in and blunt at end w
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mating. Vary in form. Get completel
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Swarm in the morning with first mon
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ORDER SIPHUNCULATA, ANOPLURA, SUCKI
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E. tomentosa. short, oblong, greeni
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Fam. Jassidae (Jassids) ( तुर
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Peal H. W. (1903) J. Asi. Soc. Beng
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together, mostly on plants. Some sp
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membrane brownish or yellowish. L.
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3 mm. On green plants. B. gilbbus.
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Fam. Reduviidae. (Assassin bugs) (
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Fam. Anthocoridae. Similar to Capsi
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yellow, metallic bluish or greenish
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earth. Larva with large flat head,
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Pupates in a safe place, till which
Page 407 and 408: purple gloss, blue bands and spots
Page 409 and 410: Exp. 55-70 mm. Common migrant. A. h
Page 411 and 412: mm. L. puspa. Violet blue, black ma
Page 413 and 414: dark border. Female paler. Below br
Page 415 and 416: apex. Exp. 50-70 mm. C. calais. Pin
Page 417 and 418: forewing a broad band at base 3 elo
Page 419 and 420: yellow with black bands, dark spots
Page 421 and 422: (Tobacco caterpillar) (तुर)
Page 423 and 424: spot in centre, broad black border.
Page 425 and 426: Larvae green semiloopers, speckled
Page 427 and 428: own, short black lines on sides, ye
Page 429 and 430: procera and P, raya. Brown, black b
Page 431 and 432: wings with eye spots. Almost all pu
Page 433 and 434: vegetable matter interwoven by silk
Page 435 and 436: spiny protuberances and 4 white pat
Page 437 and 438: Nephoteryx spp. Straw coloured, sli
Page 439 and 440: Ficus. G, bicolor. Black brown mark
Page 441 and 442: T. zizyphi. Moth small, brown. Larv
Page 443 and 444: Order Diptera. Flies ( श्या
Page 445 and 446: Life cycle lasts 15-20 days general
Page 447 and 448: Fam. Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges
Page 449 and 450: Igatpuri. O. octomaculatus. Thorax
Page 451 and 452: with 4 protuberances. Adults common
Page 453 and 454: Munro H. K. (1934) Rec. Ind. Mus. 3
Page 455 and 456: (1920-22) Ind. J. Med. Research 8 a
Page 457: Fam. Nycteribiidae ( व गळ श
Page 461 and 462: Fam. Evanidae.. (PI. IV Fig. 51). V
Page 463 and 464: and mates with her. Preys on other
Page 465 and 466: abdomen as if for slinging and ther
Page 467 and 468: Oecophylla but abdomen massive. Som
Page 469 and 470: See Cretin (1909) J. Bom. Nat. Hist
Page 471 and 472: eeds, cane holes of furniture etc.
Page 473 and 474: sonescens. Black or brownish, white
Page 475 and 476: Galleria melonella L. feed on wax.
Page 477 and 478: spots and lines, generally legs lon
Page 479 and 480: species described less than 50 In t
Page 481 and 482: Fam, Histeridae. Compact, hard, shi
Page 483 and 484: Fam. Meloidae (Blister beetles) (PI
Page 485 and 486: Anthrenus spp. attack woolens, carp
Page 487 and 488: Fam. Coccirtellidae ( किडा
Page 489 and 490: P. fur. A museum pest. A. panicea i
Page 491 and 492: lines. L. 16-24 mm. Pest on paddy r
Page 493 and 494: large pits. L. 4-6 mm. Onitis spp.
Page 495 and 496: antennae, legs black, black spots o
Page 497 and 498: Hispa group. Agriculturally importa
Page 499 and 500: See : Fletcher T. B. (1919) Rep. Pr
Page 501 and 502: compact, red, velvety, 6 spots on t
Page 503 and 504: Fig ! Plate I FAUNA 503
Page 505 and 506: FAUNA 505
Page 507 and 508: Plate V FAUNA 507
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family of spiders, Liphisiidae, in
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16.filistata pconaensisTikader Fami
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75.Monaeses parvatiTikader 76.Thana
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In spiders of the family Oecobiidae
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supports for the legs. The web is s
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Spiders of the family Hersillidae h
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In the genus Runcinia, the cephalot
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expands into a sheet-like or funnel
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CHAPTER 5 — BIRDS Theavifauna of
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Night Heron(Nycticorax nycticorax)
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Family .. Falconidae Booted Hawk-Ea
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Order-8 .. Gruiformes Family .. Tur
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Whimbrel(Numenius phaeopus) Curlew(
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Gullbilled Tern(Gelochelidon niloti
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Drongo Cuckoo(Surniculus lugubris)
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Family .. Meropidae European Bee-ea
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Dusky Crag Martin(Hirundo concolor)
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Goldfronted Chloropsis(Chloropsis a
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stentoreus) Blyth's Reed Warbler(Ac
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Brown Rock Pipit(Anthus similis) Fo
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it is an expert diver and disappear
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with the exception of the bittern (
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species, the female is considerably
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The red junglefowl (Gallus gallus),
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species of this Order recorded in I
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constantly bobs its body up and dow
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prominent white and black stripe th
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The Painted Sandgrouse Pterocles in
Page 565 and 566:
(12) Order Cuculiformes.—This Ord
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has been recorded from Khandesh but
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Their distribution is discontinuous
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Family Bucerotidae: There are about
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(19) Order Passeriformes.—This Or
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The Redrumped or Striated Swallow (
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Family Sturnidae: This is a very la
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The Scarlet Minivet (Pericrocotus f
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ecorded from Ahmednagar and Sholapu
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The Indian Robin (Saxicoloides fuli
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The forest Wagtail (Motacilla indic
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Loten's Sunbird (Nectarina lotenia)
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The Spotted Munia (Lonchura punctul
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Introduction CHAPTER 6—MAMMALS Ma
Page 593 and 594:
(8)Rhinopoma microphyllum(Brunnich
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Order Carnivora Kassoli mangar, Kha
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(57) Axis axis axis (Erxleben, 1777
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(85) Balaenoptera musculus (Linnaeu
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distinguished from the almost simil
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colour phases, a dark type in humid
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Slender lorisLoris tardigradus,thou
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The Family Viverridae, Civets and m
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The Artiodactyla is represented by
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Deccan above Krishna River. They ar
Page 613 and 614:
The call which has a ventriloquisti
Page 615 and 616:
The Bandicoot Bandicota indica, is
Page 617 and 618:
Introduction CHAPTER 7—REPTILES T
Page 619 and 620:
Hemidactylus brookiGray .. .. House
Page 621 and 622:
& Hardwicke Liopeltis calamaria(Gun
Page 623 and 624:
Hydrophis caerulescens(Shaw) Hydrop
Page 625 and 626:
turtles and is said to be particula
Page 627 and 628:
Geckos, Cyrtodactylus dekkanensis (
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Ghats. This species is easily disti
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occur in Vidarbha,Ophisops jerdoniB
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python by the presence of small sca
Page 635 and 636:
Striated Wolf SnakeLycodon striatus
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speciesGerardia prevostianaandEnhyd
Page 639 and 640:
seasnakes. They feed on fish, some
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CHAPTER 8—AMPHIBIA The amphibians
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9. Ramanella montana (Jerdon). Fami
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Maharashtra. The genusMicrohylais r
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lack flanks and ventrally white, un
Page 649 and 650:
Figure FAUNA 649
Page 651 and 652:
CHAPTER 9—LAND AND FRESHWATER INV
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Parasites in the guts of ungulate m
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Family : Ophryoglenidae. 16. Ophryo
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Locality : Bombay 24. Oxytricha sp.
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In this class cilia are present in
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2. Spongilla alba var. bengalensis
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Locality : Igatpuri Lake ; the Rive
Page 665 and 666:
2. Tlie Filaria Worm Wuchereria bon
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13. Pheretima houlleti (E. Perrier)
Page 669 and 670:
Locality : Bombay. Genus : Eudrilus
Page 671 and 672:
Class : Crustacea. Sub-class : Bran
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This is one of the largest and fatt
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are secured. Some of the species li
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Shell elcvatedly conical, thin, gre
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Locality : Nagpur, Poona, Yenna Riv
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A thin conoidly ovate shell with th
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Subcylindrical apex, shell striped,
Page 685 and 686:
Aperture large, oblong. 45. Succine
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Locality : Khandala (Western Ghats
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Amphibia Bufonidae; Caecilidae; Mic
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Laniidae ; Laridae ; Meropidae ; Mo
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Hemirhamphidae ; Holocentridae ; Ho
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Amathusiidae ; Andrenidae ; Anobiid
Page 697 and 698:
Henicocephalidae ; Hepialidae ; Hes
Page 699 and 700:
Sphingidae ; Staphylinidae ; Stepha
Page 701 and 702:
Cercopithicidae ; Cervidae ; Emball
Page 703 and 704:
Arcidae ; Arenicolidae ; Dromiidae
Page 705 and 706:
Laomediidae ; Laternulidae ; Lernae
Page 707 and 708:
Tellinidae ; Temnopleuridae ; Temor
Page 709 and 710:
Sponge Tiger Pistol Shrimp Gastrpod
Page 711:
Bivalve Cardita Antiquata Bivalve_G
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