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slightly larger than sparrows. There are some 20 species in India, and 4 in Maharashtra. The Blackheaded Bunting (Emberiza melanocephala)9½inches, islarger than a sparrow and has a forked tail. In breeding plumage themale has a black head, rufous brown and fulvous upper parts and brightyellow underparts. The female is generally duller, being rufous brownwith a vinous tinge on the breast and hints of yellow all over the body.The birds are fairly common visitors to the State, often seen aroundcultivated areas, and estimated to do some damage to crops. FAUNA 590
Introduction CHAPTER 6—MAMMALS Mammals, which include man, are with the birds, the most highly evolved among present day animal life. Several characters in the organisation of mammals enable its species to live under conditions which are impossible for other groups. One among these is in its ability to maintain a constant temperature irrespective of the temperature of its environment permitting life in habitats impossible to groups like the reptiles. However this does not mean that all mammals are able to live under all environmental conditions. In India, for instance, with its varied climatic conditions, the 317 species of known mammals include animals adapted to all the major climatic types, but the mammals of Maharashtra totaling 85 species are mainly forms adapted to tropical conditions. Among 85 species in Maharashtra, 25 are exclusively Indian, 38 occur in countries to the east, 10 in countries to the west, 8 both in the west and east and four are cosmopolitan. The 25 Indian species include ten confined to the southern peninsula among which a bat Myotis peshwa (Thomas, 1915) is known only from Poona and Bombay. Three major climatic types occur in Maharashtra. The heavy rainfall region along the west coast adjacent to the western ghats or mountain ranges is known as Konkan, where the forests when present are tropical wet evergreen, tropical semi-evergreen and tropical moist deciduous. To the east of the ghats, the Deccan plateau including the Marathwada area, is dry and open. Forests when present are of the tropical thorn type. The forested areas of districts in the north-east i.e. the Vidarbha area are largely tropical dry deciduous., The list, given below, of mammals occurring in Maharashtra or likely to have existed is based on information available in literature, the collections in the Bombay Natural History Society and personal experience. The destruction of forests, cultivation of fallow lands and change in habitats through introduction of exotics make it unlikely that the larger mammals would occur in appreciable numbers in any part of the FAUNA 591
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FAUNA 1
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MAHARASHTRA STATE GAZETTEERS GENERA
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS SHRI V. C. AMB
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I am very much thankful to all the
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draft their parts on the same lines
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Revenue Districts, divided broadly
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ainfall of only about 50 cm on an a
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The second factor is of vital impor
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8. Wonders of wild life.—It would
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to be disturbed by the destruction
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man-eating tigers appear .... Of la
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thus be clear that the odds are hea
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conserving any given species, and t
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sea also and, therefore, both these
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Class : ELASMOBRA NCHII Sub class :
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12 Scoliodon ceylonensis Setna and
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27 Sphyrna blochii (Cuvier) = Day :
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(Forskal). = Day : Trygon uarnak 40
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Muller and Henle. = Day : Rhinopter
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Serial No. = Day : Clupea fimbriata
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usselliana. herring. 81 Nematalosa
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Family: Synodidae 95 Harpodon neher
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Order: ANGUILLIFORMES Family : Mura
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127 Ophichthys apicalis (Bennet) Or
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= Day : Exocoetus altipennis. 142 C
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Comman Eel (Marathi : Vam ) (Muraen
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150 Holocentrus rubrum (Forskal) =
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(Shaw) = Day : Polynemus indicus 16
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= Day : Serranus sonnerati. 181 Epi
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196 Decapterus russellii (Ruppell)
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213 Seriola nigrofasciatus (Ruppell
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Seria l No. Scientific name Popular
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238 Leiognathus lincolatus (Valenci
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(Cuvier) = Day : Diagramma crassisp
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= Day : Sciaena dussumieri. 260 Sci
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= Day : Upeneoides sulphureus. 279
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294 Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus.
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313 Fissilabrus dimidiatus (Valenci
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327 Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray)
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1 Silver Pomfret ( Marathi : Sarang
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Cull pencil fish. Family : Stromate
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364 Bathygobius fuscus (Ruppell) 36
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379 Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton)
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macrolepidotus (Bieeker) = Pay : Cy
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= Day : Balistis mitis. 411 Diodon
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Sharks are of considerable commerci
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Son mushi-Dog fish (Scoliodon sorra
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are not active swimmers like sharks
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species. Members of this group are
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Both these species can be considere
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Khajura, Jitoda or Bekti-Cock-up (L
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dangerous wounds. They mostly inhab
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the sea with fins folded, then spre
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sovereign remedy for the bite of a
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Dara—Monk fish or giant threadfin
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Threadfins are characterised by the
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1 Pivla Hekru—Yellow grouper (Epi
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Though most of die members do not g
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after death. It is essentially algi
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Ratnagiri coast, when large catches
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Kalundar— Pearl spot (Etroplus su
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(32) SCORPION FISHES The family Sco
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sucker-fish, on the other hand, der
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The dragonets belonging to the fami
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(42) OCEAN SUN FISH The two species
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Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) (Peteb
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Family : Cyprinidae Sub-family : Ab
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22 Perilampus atpar (Hamilton.) = D
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= Day : Barbus cosuatis. 38 Puntius
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60 Catla catla (Hamilton- Buchanan)
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81 Schismatorhynchus (Nukta) nukta
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97 Nemacheilus botia (Hamilton) = D
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115 Silonia childrenii (Sykes) = Da
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129 Mystus malabaricus (Jerdon) = D
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lineatus (Cuvier and Valencienners)
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154 Ambassidae baculis (Hamilton- B
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armatus (Lacepede) = Day : Mastacem
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(3) CHILWAS (ChelaorOxygaster spp.)
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second year of its life and breeds
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They attain sexual maturity when th
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Schilbeid fishes known as 'Valanj'
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capillaries are distributed over th
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water and destroy the mosquito larv
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Giant Gourami :The Gourami (Osphron
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case of danger, the young ones also
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authors’ names in parentheses. Th
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Stomatopoda — Chhapgar, B. F. & S
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One form is the jelly-fish or umbre
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Order Narcomedusae Family Aeginidae
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*Names of hosts are those given by
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Bowerbankia imbricataAdams Order Ch
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The class Myzostomida is a very pri
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Lysidice collarisGrube Subfamily On
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are gathered and used for hatching
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The Stomatopoda (e.g. Squilla) have
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Ergasilus polynemiRedkar, Rangnekar
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Family Chondracanthinae Genus Chond
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Nerocila phaeopleuraBleeker (onHist
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Subfamily Penaeinae Genus Penaeus F
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Leander potamiscusKemp Family Palin
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Brachyur Tribe Dromiacea Subtribe D
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Cryptopodia angulata Milne-Edwards
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Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides White
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Pelecypoda This class includes the
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Gibbula swainsonii(Ad.) Genus Calli
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Family Potamididae Genus Potamides
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GenusEunaticinaFischer Eunaticinapo
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Pyrene scripta(Lam.) Pyrene marques
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Mitra amphorella FamilyHarpidae Gen
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GenusPyrunculus Pyrunculus pellyi(S
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FamilyAnomiidae GenusAnomiaLinnaeus
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Petricola bipartitaDesh. GenusMactr
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Solen linearisSpg. FamilyAloididae
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Class Crinoidea Usually stalked, th
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FAUNA 229
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FAUNA 231
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FAUNA 233
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FAUNA 235
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FAUNA 237
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There are two types of development
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Serial Scientific name No. INSECT F
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16. C. olivaceum auranticum Fr. 17.
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ORDER ORTHOPTERA Fam. Acridiidae (S
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44. Cyrtacanthacris (Patanga) succi
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1. Diplatys lefroyi Bur. 1. Psalis
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24. Corydia ornata Sauss. 25. Trich
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Order Siphunculata—Anoplura (Suck
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24 Hilavrita discolorata Dist. 25 S
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21 Empoasca devastans Dist. 22 Typh
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11 A. (Chrysomphalus) aurantii Mask
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19. Macroscytus expansus Sign, 20.
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73. nugriventris Westw 74. fuscus W
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13. Ischnodemus crebus Dist, 14. Is
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1. Eugubinus araneus Dist. 2. Bagau
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53. Nagusta macroloba Berg. 54. Pol
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1. Aeolothrips fasciatus Linn. Fam.
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3. Danaus limniace Cr. V. mutina (T
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29. Cynthia erota (Fab.) (The Cruis
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40. S. lohita M. and S. 1. lazulari
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14. C. amata F. (The Small Salmon A
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2. Amata cyssia Stoll. 3. Amata ext
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5. A. (Chariclea) marginalis Wlk. 6
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59. Tarache upsilon Wlk. 60. Tarach
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115. E. nugatrix Guen. 116. E. apic
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169. O. (Parallelia) algira L. 170.
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223. P. orichalcea F. 224. P. agram
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10. Lymantria incerta Wlk. 11. Lyma
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10. Sangatessa subcurvifera Wlk. 1.
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43. C. fibulata Guen. 44. C. actuar
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1. Clania crameri Westw. Fam. Psych
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8. Surattha invectalis Wlk. 9. Ancy
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62. Bradina admixtalis Wlk. 63. Sco
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116. Lepyrodes geometralis Guen. 11
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18. Anarsia ephippias Meyr 19. Mela
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3. Maniconeura indica Mart. Order :
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2. Simulium auriohirtum Brun. 1. Be
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13. Bombylius wulpi Brun. 14. Bomby
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2. Agromyza phaseoli 3. C. Ophiomyi
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5. M. vetustissima Wlk. 6. M. ventr
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8. Metopius pulehripes Cam. 9. Meto
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2. Hedychridium rugosum Sm. 3. Chry
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15. M. arenaria Fab. 16. M. nudicep
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32. Sima rufonigra Jer. 33. Sima ni
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86. Tapinoma indicum For. 87. Bothr
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8. E. arcuata F. 9. Rhynchium brunn
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21. A. brevipennis Bing. 22. A. api
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1. Halictus sonescens Sm. 2. H. tor
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25. A.ordinatum Sm. 26. A.rasorium
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Fam. Carabidae (Predaceous ground b
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3. C. lineatus F. 4. C. sugillatus
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7. P. suavis Wasm. 8. P. denticulat
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3. Hister chinensis Quen, 4. Hister
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1. Anthrenus vorax Wat, 2. Anthrenu
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2. Rhytinota insidiosa Frm, 3. Rhyt
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6. Pogonopus argentifer Westw. 7. P
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56. A. andrewesi Oh. 57. A. decanus
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109. O. ephippioderus Arr 110. O. s
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3. Lema subiridea Jac. 4. L. downes
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57. Aulacophora foveicollis (Luc.)
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111. Dactylispa filiola Weis. 112.
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1. Blosyrus inequalis Boh. 2. Blosy
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SHORT NOTES ON ORDERS, FAMILIES AND
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pterygota—winged or secondarily a
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27 mm. H.W. 17 mm. Blue. Blue spots
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mm. H.W. 22-23 mm. Thorax bluish, l
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Sub-family Acridinae. Subaquatic, s
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and Goa forests. Nymphs green, ante
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ORDER PHASMIDA (LEAF AND STICK INSE
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gently curved in and blunt at end w
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mating. Vary in form. Get completel
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Swarm in the morning with first mon
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ORDER SIPHUNCULATA, ANOPLURA, SUCKI
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E. tomentosa. short, oblong, greeni
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Fam. Jassidae (Jassids) ( तुर
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Peal H. W. (1903) J. Asi. Soc. Beng
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together, mostly on plants. Some sp
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membrane brownish or yellowish. L.
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3 mm. On green plants. B. gilbbus.
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Fam. Reduviidae. (Assassin bugs) (
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Fam. Anthocoridae. Similar to Capsi
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yellow, metallic bluish or greenish
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earth. Larva with large flat head,
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Pupates in a safe place, till which
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purple gloss, blue bands and spots
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Exp. 55-70 mm. Common migrant. A. h
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mm. L. puspa. Violet blue, black ma
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dark border. Female paler. Below br
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apex. Exp. 50-70 mm. C. calais. Pin
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forewing a broad band at base 3 elo
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yellow with black bands, dark spots
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(Tobacco caterpillar) (तुर)
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spot in centre, broad black border.
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Larvae green semiloopers, speckled
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own, short black lines on sides, ye
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procera and P, raya. Brown, black b
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wings with eye spots. Almost all pu
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vegetable matter interwoven by silk
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spiny protuberances and 4 white pat
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Nephoteryx spp. Straw coloured, sli
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Ficus. G, bicolor. Black brown mark
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T. zizyphi. Moth small, brown. Larv
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Order Diptera. Flies ( श्या
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Life cycle lasts 15-20 days general
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Fam. Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges
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Igatpuri. O. octomaculatus. Thorax
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with 4 protuberances. Adults common
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Munro H. K. (1934) Rec. Ind. Mus. 3
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(1920-22) Ind. J. Med. Research 8 a
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Fam. Nycteribiidae ( व गळ श
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cruciferous crops. A, proxmia ( क
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Fam. Evanidae.. (PI. IV Fig. 51). V
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and mates with her. Preys on other
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abdomen as if for slinging and ther
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Oecophylla but abdomen massive. Som
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See Cretin (1909) J. Bom. Nat. Hist
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eeds, cane holes of furniture etc.
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sonescens. Black or brownish, white
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Galleria melonella L. feed on wax.
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spots and lines, generally legs lon
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species described less than 50 In t
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Fam, Histeridae. Compact, hard, shi
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Fam. Meloidae (Blister beetles) (PI
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Anthrenus spp. attack woolens, carp
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Fam. Coccirtellidae ( किडा
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P. fur. A museum pest. A. panicea i
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lines. L. 16-24 mm. Pest on paddy r
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large pits. L. 4-6 mm. Onitis spp.
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antennae, legs black, black spots o
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Hispa group. Agriculturally importa
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See : Fletcher T. B. (1919) Rep. Pr
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compact, red, velvety, 6 spots on t
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Fig ! Plate I FAUNA 503
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FAUNA 505
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Plate V FAUNA 507
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family of spiders, Liphisiidae, in
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16.filistata pconaensisTikader Fami
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75.Monaeses parvatiTikader 76.Thana
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In spiders of the family Oecobiidae
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supports for the legs. The web is s
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Spiders of the family Hersillidae h
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In the genus Runcinia, the cephalot
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expands into a sheet-like or funnel
Page 525 and 526:
CHAPTER 5 — BIRDS Theavifauna of
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Night Heron(Nycticorax nycticorax)
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Family .. Falconidae Booted Hawk-Ea
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Order-8 .. Gruiformes Family .. Tur
Page 533 and 534:
Whimbrel(Numenius phaeopus) Curlew(
Page 535 and 536:
Gullbilled Tern(Gelochelidon niloti
Page 537 and 538:
Drongo Cuckoo(Surniculus lugubris)
Page 539 and 540: Family .. Meropidae European Bee-ea
Page 541 and 542: Dusky Crag Martin(Hirundo concolor)
Page 543 and 544: Goldfronted Chloropsis(Chloropsis a
Page 545 and 546: stentoreus) Blyth's Reed Warbler(Ac
Page 547 and 548: Brown Rock Pipit(Anthus similis) Fo
Page 549 and 550: it is an expert diver and disappear
Page 551 and 552: with the exception of the bittern (
Page 553 and 554: species, the female is considerably
Page 555 and 556: The red junglefowl (Gallus gallus),
Page 557 and 558: species of this Order recorded in I
Page 559 and 560: constantly bobs its body up and dow
Page 561 and 562: prominent white and black stripe th
Page 563 and 564: The Painted Sandgrouse Pterocles in
Page 565 and 566: (12) Order Cuculiformes.—This Ord
Page 567 and 568: has been recorded from Khandesh but
Page 569 and 570: Their distribution is discontinuous
Page 571 and 572: Family Bucerotidae: There are about
Page 573 and 574: (19) Order Passeriformes.—This Or
Page 575 and 576: The Redrumped or Striated Swallow (
Page 577 and 578: Family Sturnidae: This is a very la
Page 579 and 580: The Scarlet Minivet (Pericrocotus f
Page 581 and 582: ecorded from Ahmednagar and Sholapu
Page 583 and 584: The Indian Robin (Saxicoloides fuli
Page 585 and 586: The forest Wagtail (Motacilla indic
Page 587 and 588: Loten's Sunbird (Nectarina lotenia)
Page 589: The Spotted Munia (Lonchura punctul
Page 593 and 594: (8)Rhinopoma microphyllum(Brunnich
Page 595 and 596: Order Carnivora Kassoli mangar, Kha
Page 597 and 598: (57) Axis axis axis (Erxleben, 1777
Page 599 and 600: (85) Balaenoptera musculus (Linnaeu
Page 601 and 602: distinguished from the almost simil
Page 603 and 604: colour phases, a dark type in humid
Page 605 and 606: Slender lorisLoris tardigradus,thou
Page 607 and 608: The Family Viverridae, Civets and m
Page 609 and 610: The Artiodactyla is represented by
Page 611 and 612: Deccan above Krishna River. They ar
Page 613 and 614: The call which has a ventriloquisti
Page 615 and 616: The Bandicoot Bandicota indica, is
Page 617 and 618: Introduction CHAPTER 7—REPTILES T
Page 619 and 620: Hemidactylus brookiGray .. .. House
Page 621 and 622: & Hardwicke Liopeltis calamaria(Gun
Page 623 and 624: Hydrophis caerulescens(Shaw) Hydrop
Page 625 and 626: turtles and is said to be particula
Page 627 and 628: Geckos, Cyrtodactylus dekkanensis (
Page 629 and 630: Ghats. This species is easily disti
Page 631 and 632: occur in Vidarbha,Ophisops jerdoniB
Page 633 and 634: python by the presence of small sca
Page 635 and 636: Striated Wolf SnakeLycodon striatus
Page 637 and 638: speciesGerardia prevostianaandEnhyd
Page 639 and 640: seasnakes. They feed on fish, some
Page 641 and 642:
CHAPTER 8—AMPHIBIA The amphibians
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9. Ramanella montana (Jerdon). Fami
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Maharashtra. The genusMicrohylais r
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lack flanks and ventrally white, un
Page 649 and 650:
Figure FAUNA 649
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CHAPTER 9—LAND AND FRESHWATER INV
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Parasites in the guts of ungulate m
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Family : Ophryoglenidae. 16. Ophryo
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Locality : Bombay 24. Oxytricha sp.
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In this class cilia are present in
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2. Spongilla alba var. bengalensis
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Locality : Igatpuri Lake ; the Rive
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2. Tlie Filaria Worm Wuchereria bon
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13. Pheretima houlleti (E. Perrier)
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Locality : Bombay. Genus : Eudrilus
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Class : Crustacea. Sub-class : Bran
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This is one of the largest and fatt
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are secured. Some of the species li
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Shell elcvatedly conical, thin, gre
Page 679 and 680:
Locality : Nagpur, Poona, Yenna Riv
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A thin conoidly ovate shell with th
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Subcylindrical apex, shell striped,
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Aperture large, oblong. 45. Succine
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Locality : Khandala (Western Ghats
Page 689 and 690:
Amphibia Bufonidae; Caecilidae; Mic
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Laniidae ; Laridae ; Meropidae ; Mo
Page 693 and 694:
Hemirhamphidae ; Holocentridae ; Ho
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Amathusiidae ; Andrenidae ; Anobiid
Page 697 and 698:
Henicocephalidae ; Hepialidae ; Hes
Page 699 and 700:
Sphingidae ; Staphylinidae ; Stepha
Page 701 and 702:
Cercopithicidae ; Cervidae ; Emball
Page 703 and 704:
Arcidae ; Arenicolidae ; Dromiidae
Page 705 and 706:
Laomediidae ; Laternulidae ; Lernae
Page 707 and 708:
Tellinidae ; Temnopleuridae ; Temor
Page 709 and 710:
Sponge Tiger Pistol Shrimp Gastrpod
Page 711:
Bivalve Cardita Antiquata Bivalve_G
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