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3. Paraclepsis praedatrix (Harding) Parasitic on the freshwater tortoise-Emyda granosa vittata. Locality : Igatpuri Lake, Western Ghats, Bombay. Sub-order : Arhyncobdellae. The jawed leeches or leeches without a protrusible proboscis. In this Suborder the Hirudinea may be said to reach their most complete and perfect expression. The typical leeches belong to this sub-order fully adapted for a sanguivorous or a predaceous habit and with a few exceptions, all of the largest forms as well as those most intimately affecting human welfare. They are freshwater or terrestrial, never so far as known truly marine. Family : Hirudinae. As a group these leeches are of a medium to a very large size, some of them attaining a length of 15" or even 18" and a width of I when fully extended. These are variously called; jawed leeches, ten-eyed leeches, blood-suckers etc. The smallest forms are found among the highly specialised land leeches. Sub-family : Hirudinae. 4. Hirudo birmanica ( Blanchard) Locality : Bombay. 5. Hirudinaria (Poecilobdella) granulosa (Savigny) This is the common Paddy-Field or Buffalo-Leech or Medicinal Leech of the Western'India. It occurs m the plains and foothills between about 50-2,000' above sea level. It appears only rarely below500'. Throughout its range it occurs in marshes, swamps, ponds, tanks, ditches, and the smaller streams but seldom in rivers. PHYLUM ARTHOPODA (JOINED LEGGED ANIMALS)- This phylum—the largest—includes animals with jointed limbs such as the crab, the prawn and the lobster (Class : Crustacea), the millipedes , and the centipedes (Class : Myriapoda), the butterflies, grass-hoppers and the rest of all insects (Class : Insecta), the spiders and scorpions (Class : Arachnida) and the worm-like Peripatus (Class : Onychophora) which is very rare, if not absent, in our country. The known world species are estimated to number 9,230,000. Only those forms of arthropods living on land and in freshwater in Maharashtra are listed below, excluding the Class Insecta and Spiders of the Class Arachnida which are dealt with seperately. FAUNA 670
Class : Crustacea. Sub-class : Branchiopoda. Order: Notostraca. 1. Triops asiaticus (Gurney) Locality : Panchgani, Satara District. Sub-class : Copepada. Order: Cyclopoida. 2. Paracyclops vagus Lindberg Locality: Pandharpur, Sangli, Aurangabad. 3. Ectocyclops medius Kiefer. Locality : Pandharpur, Aurangabad. SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES 4. Cyclops (Microcyclops) karvei Kiefer et Moorthv Locality : River Krishna, Sangli. 5. Cyclops (Microcyclops) diminutus Lindberg Locality : Powai Lake, Salsette, Bassein. 6. Cyclops (Microcyclops) tricolor Lindberg Locality : Bombay, Powai Lake, Bhima River, Pandharpur. 7. Cyclops (Microcyclops) indolusitanus Lindberg Locality : Bhima River, Pandharpur. 9. Eucyclops semidenticulatus (Lindberg) Locality : Vihar and Powai Lakes, Salsette Island, Bombay, Pandharpur. 10. Eucyclops microdenticulatus (Lindberg) Locality : Aurangabad. 11. Cyclops (Metacyclops) gracilis var. margaretae (Lindberg) Locality : Bassein, Bombay, Pandharpur. 12. Cyclops (Metacyclops) dengizieus (Lepechkine) Locality : Bandra,Bombay 13. Cyclops (Metacyclops) rovi sp. nov. Locality : Bandra (Bombay) 14. Cyclops (Metacyclops) var. communis (Lindberg) FAUNA 671
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FAUNA 1
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MAHARASHTRA STATE GAZETTEERS GENERA
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS SHRI V. C. AMB
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I am very much thankful to all the
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draft their parts on the same lines
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Revenue Districts, divided broadly
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ainfall of only about 50 cm on an a
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The second factor is of vital impor
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8. Wonders of wild life.—It would
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to be disturbed by the destruction
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man-eating tigers appear .... Of la
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thus be clear that the odds are hea
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conserving any given species, and t
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sea also and, therefore, both these
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Class : ELASMOBRA NCHII Sub class :
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12 Scoliodon ceylonensis Setna and
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27 Sphyrna blochii (Cuvier) = Day :
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(Forskal). = Day : Trygon uarnak 40
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Muller and Henle. = Day : Rhinopter
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Serial No. = Day : Clupea fimbriata
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usselliana. herring. 81 Nematalosa
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Family: Synodidae 95 Harpodon neher
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Order: ANGUILLIFORMES Family : Mura
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127 Ophichthys apicalis (Bennet) Or
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= Day : Exocoetus altipennis. 142 C
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Comman Eel (Marathi : Vam ) (Muraen
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150 Holocentrus rubrum (Forskal) =
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(Shaw) = Day : Polynemus indicus 16
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= Day : Serranus sonnerati. 181 Epi
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196 Decapterus russellii (Ruppell)
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213 Seriola nigrofasciatus (Ruppell
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Seria l No. Scientific name Popular
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238 Leiognathus lincolatus (Valenci
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(Cuvier) = Day : Diagramma crassisp
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= Day : Sciaena dussumieri. 260 Sci
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= Day : Upeneoides sulphureus. 279
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294 Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus.
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313 Fissilabrus dimidiatus (Valenci
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327 Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray)
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1 Silver Pomfret ( Marathi : Sarang
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Cull pencil fish. Family : Stromate
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364 Bathygobius fuscus (Ruppell) 36
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379 Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton)
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macrolepidotus (Bieeker) = Pay : Cy
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= Day : Balistis mitis. 411 Diodon
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Sharks are of considerable commerci
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Son mushi-Dog fish (Scoliodon sorra
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are not active swimmers like sharks
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species. Members of this group are
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Both these species can be considere
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Khajura, Jitoda or Bekti-Cock-up (L
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dangerous wounds. They mostly inhab
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the sea with fins folded, then spre
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sovereign remedy for the bite of a
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Dara—Monk fish or giant threadfin
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Threadfins are characterised by the
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1 Pivla Hekru—Yellow grouper (Epi
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Though most of die members do not g
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after death. It is essentially algi
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Ratnagiri coast, when large catches
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Kalundar— Pearl spot (Etroplus su
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(32) SCORPION FISHES The family Sco
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sucker-fish, on the other hand, der
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The dragonets belonging to the fami
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(42) OCEAN SUN FISH The two species
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Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) (Peteb
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Family : Cyprinidae Sub-family : Ab
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22 Perilampus atpar (Hamilton.) = D
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= Day : Barbus cosuatis. 38 Puntius
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60 Catla catla (Hamilton- Buchanan)
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81 Schismatorhynchus (Nukta) nukta
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97 Nemacheilus botia (Hamilton) = D
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115 Silonia childrenii (Sykes) = Da
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129 Mystus malabaricus (Jerdon) = D
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lineatus (Cuvier and Valencienners)
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154 Ambassidae baculis (Hamilton- B
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armatus (Lacepede) = Day : Mastacem
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(3) CHILWAS (ChelaorOxygaster spp.)
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second year of its life and breeds
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They attain sexual maturity when th
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Schilbeid fishes known as 'Valanj'
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capillaries are distributed over th
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water and destroy the mosquito larv
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Giant Gourami :The Gourami (Osphron
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case of danger, the young ones also
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authors’ names in parentheses. Th
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Stomatopoda — Chhapgar, B. F. & S
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One form is the jelly-fish or umbre
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Order Narcomedusae Family Aeginidae
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*Names of hosts are those given by
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Bowerbankia imbricataAdams Order Ch
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The class Myzostomida is a very pri
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Lysidice collarisGrube Subfamily On
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are gathered and used for hatching
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The Stomatopoda (e.g. Squilla) have
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Ergasilus polynemiRedkar, Rangnekar
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Family Chondracanthinae Genus Chond
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Nerocila phaeopleuraBleeker (onHist
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Subfamily Penaeinae Genus Penaeus F
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Leander potamiscusKemp Family Palin
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Brachyur Tribe Dromiacea Subtribe D
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Cryptopodia angulata Milne-Edwards
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Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides White
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Pelecypoda This class includes the
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Gibbula swainsonii(Ad.) Genus Calli
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Family Potamididae Genus Potamides
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GenusEunaticinaFischer Eunaticinapo
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Pyrene scripta(Lam.) Pyrene marques
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Mitra amphorella FamilyHarpidae Gen
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GenusPyrunculus Pyrunculus pellyi(S
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FamilyAnomiidae GenusAnomiaLinnaeus
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Petricola bipartitaDesh. GenusMactr
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Solen linearisSpg. FamilyAloididae
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Class Crinoidea Usually stalked, th
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FAUNA 229
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FAUNA 231
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FAUNA 233
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FAUNA 235
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FAUNA 237
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There are two types of development
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Serial Scientific name No. INSECT F
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16. C. olivaceum auranticum Fr. 17.
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ORDER ORTHOPTERA Fam. Acridiidae (S
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44. Cyrtacanthacris (Patanga) succi
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1. Diplatys lefroyi Bur. 1. Psalis
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24. Corydia ornata Sauss. 25. Trich
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Order Siphunculata—Anoplura (Suck
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24 Hilavrita discolorata Dist. 25 S
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21 Empoasca devastans Dist. 22 Typh
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11 A. (Chrysomphalus) aurantii Mask
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19. Macroscytus expansus Sign, 20.
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73. nugriventris Westw 74. fuscus W
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13. Ischnodemus crebus Dist, 14. Is
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1. Eugubinus araneus Dist. 2. Bagau
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53. Nagusta macroloba Berg. 54. Pol
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1. Aeolothrips fasciatus Linn. Fam.
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3. Danaus limniace Cr. V. mutina (T
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29. Cynthia erota (Fab.) (The Cruis
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40. S. lohita M. and S. 1. lazulari
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14. C. amata F. (The Small Salmon A
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2. Amata cyssia Stoll. 3. Amata ext
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5. A. (Chariclea) marginalis Wlk. 6
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59. Tarache upsilon Wlk. 60. Tarach
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115. E. nugatrix Guen. 116. E. apic
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169. O. (Parallelia) algira L. 170.
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223. P. orichalcea F. 224. P. agram
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10. Lymantria incerta Wlk. 11. Lyma
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10. Sangatessa subcurvifera Wlk. 1.
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43. C. fibulata Guen. 44. C. actuar
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1. Clania crameri Westw. Fam. Psych
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8. Surattha invectalis Wlk. 9. Ancy
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62. Bradina admixtalis Wlk. 63. Sco
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116. Lepyrodes geometralis Guen. 11
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18. Anarsia ephippias Meyr 19. Mela
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3. Maniconeura indica Mart. Order :
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2. Simulium auriohirtum Brun. 1. Be
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13. Bombylius wulpi Brun. 14. Bomby
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2. Agromyza phaseoli 3. C. Ophiomyi
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5. M. vetustissima Wlk. 6. M. ventr
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8. Metopius pulehripes Cam. 9. Meto
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2. Hedychridium rugosum Sm. 3. Chry
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15. M. arenaria Fab. 16. M. nudicep
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32. Sima rufonigra Jer. 33. Sima ni
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86. Tapinoma indicum For. 87. Bothr
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8. E. arcuata F. 9. Rhynchium brunn
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21. A. brevipennis Bing. 22. A. api
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1. Halictus sonescens Sm. 2. H. tor
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25. A.ordinatum Sm. 26. A.rasorium
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Fam. Carabidae (Predaceous ground b
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3. C. lineatus F. 4. C. sugillatus
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7. P. suavis Wasm. 8. P. denticulat
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3. Hister chinensis Quen, 4. Hister
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1. Anthrenus vorax Wat, 2. Anthrenu
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2. Rhytinota insidiosa Frm, 3. Rhyt
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6. Pogonopus argentifer Westw. 7. P
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56. A. andrewesi Oh. 57. A. decanus
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109. O. ephippioderus Arr 110. O. s
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3. Lema subiridea Jac. 4. L. downes
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57. Aulacophora foveicollis (Luc.)
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111. Dactylispa filiola Weis. 112.
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1. Blosyrus inequalis Boh. 2. Blosy
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SHORT NOTES ON ORDERS, FAMILIES AND
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pterygota—winged or secondarily a
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27 mm. H.W. 17 mm. Blue. Blue spots
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mm. H.W. 22-23 mm. Thorax bluish, l
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Sub-family Acridinae. Subaquatic, s
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and Goa forests. Nymphs green, ante
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ORDER PHASMIDA (LEAF AND STICK INSE
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gently curved in and blunt at end w
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mating. Vary in form. Get completel
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Swarm in the morning with first mon
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ORDER SIPHUNCULATA, ANOPLURA, SUCKI
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E. tomentosa. short, oblong, greeni
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Fam. Jassidae (Jassids) ( तुर
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Peal H. W. (1903) J. Asi. Soc. Beng
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together, mostly on plants. Some sp
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membrane brownish or yellowish. L.
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3 mm. On green plants. B. gilbbus.
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Fam. Reduviidae. (Assassin bugs) (
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Fam. Anthocoridae. Similar to Capsi
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yellow, metallic bluish or greenish
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earth. Larva with large flat head,
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Pupates in a safe place, till which
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purple gloss, blue bands and spots
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Exp. 55-70 mm. Common migrant. A. h
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mm. L. puspa. Violet blue, black ma
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dark border. Female paler. Below br
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apex. Exp. 50-70 mm. C. calais. Pin
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forewing a broad band at base 3 elo
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yellow with black bands, dark spots
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(Tobacco caterpillar) (तुर)
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spot in centre, broad black border.
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Larvae green semiloopers, speckled
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own, short black lines on sides, ye
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procera and P, raya. Brown, black b
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wings with eye spots. Almost all pu
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vegetable matter interwoven by silk
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spiny protuberances and 4 white pat
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Nephoteryx spp. Straw coloured, sli
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Ficus. G, bicolor. Black brown mark
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T. zizyphi. Moth small, brown. Larv
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Order Diptera. Flies ( श्या
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Life cycle lasts 15-20 days general
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Fam. Ceratopogonidae (Biting midges
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Igatpuri. O. octomaculatus. Thorax
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with 4 protuberances. Adults common
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Munro H. K. (1934) Rec. Ind. Mus. 3
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(1920-22) Ind. J. Med. Research 8 a
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Fam. Nycteribiidae ( व गळ श
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cruciferous crops. A, proxmia ( क
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Fam. Evanidae.. (PI. IV Fig. 51). V
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and mates with her. Preys on other
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abdomen as if for slinging and ther
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Oecophylla but abdomen massive. Som
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See Cretin (1909) J. Bom. Nat. Hist
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eeds, cane holes of furniture etc.
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sonescens. Black or brownish, white
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Galleria melonella L. feed on wax.
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spots and lines, generally legs lon
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species described less than 50 In t
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Fam, Histeridae. Compact, hard, shi
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Fam. Meloidae (Blister beetles) (PI
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Anthrenus spp. attack woolens, carp
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Fam. Coccirtellidae ( किडा
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P. fur. A museum pest. A. panicea i
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lines. L. 16-24 mm. Pest on paddy r
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large pits. L. 4-6 mm. Onitis spp.
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antennae, legs black, black spots o
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Hispa group. Agriculturally importa
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See : Fletcher T. B. (1919) Rep. Pr
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compact, red, velvety, 6 spots on t
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Fig ! Plate I FAUNA 503
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FAUNA 505
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Plate V FAUNA 507
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family of spiders, Liphisiidae, in
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16.filistata pconaensisTikader Fami
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75.Monaeses parvatiTikader 76.Thana
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In spiders of the family Oecobiidae
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supports for the legs. The web is s
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Spiders of the family Hersillidae h
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In the genus Runcinia, the cephalot
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expands into a sheet-like or funnel
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CHAPTER 5 — BIRDS Theavifauna of
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Night Heron(Nycticorax nycticorax)
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Family .. Falconidae Booted Hawk-Ea
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Order-8 .. Gruiformes Family .. Tur
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Whimbrel(Numenius phaeopus) Curlew(
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Gullbilled Tern(Gelochelidon niloti
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Drongo Cuckoo(Surniculus lugubris)
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Family .. Meropidae European Bee-ea
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Dusky Crag Martin(Hirundo concolor)
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Goldfronted Chloropsis(Chloropsis a
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stentoreus) Blyth's Reed Warbler(Ac
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Brown Rock Pipit(Anthus similis) Fo
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it is an expert diver and disappear
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with the exception of the bittern (
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species, the female is considerably
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The red junglefowl (Gallus gallus),
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species of this Order recorded in I
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constantly bobs its body up and dow
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prominent white and black stripe th
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The Painted Sandgrouse Pterocles in
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(12) Order Cuculiformes.—This Ord
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has been recorded from Khandesh but
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Their distribution is discontinuous
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Family Bucerotidae: There are about
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(19) Order Passeriformes.—This Or
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The Redrumped or Striated Swallow (
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Family Sturnidae: This is a very la
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The Scarlet Minivet (Pericrocotus f
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ecorded from Ahmednagar and Sholapu
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The Indian Robin (Saxicoloides fuli
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The forest Wagtail (Motacilla indic
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Loten's Sunbird (Nectarina lotenia)
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The Spotted Munia (Lonchura punctul
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Introduction CHAPTER 6—MAMMALS Ma
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(8)Rhinopoma microphyllum(Brunnich
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Order Carnivora Kassoli mangar, Kha
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(57) Axis axis axis (Erxleben, 1777
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(85) Balaenoptera musculus (Linnaeu
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distinguished from the almost simil
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colour phases, a dark type in humid
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Slender lorisLoris tardigradus,thou
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The Family Viverridae, Civets and m
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The Artiodactyla is represented by
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Deccan above Krishna River. They ar
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The call which has a ventriloquisti
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The Bandicoot Bandicota indica, is
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Introduction CHAPTER 7—REPTILES T
Page 619 and 620: Hemidactylus brookiGray .. .. House
Page 621 and 622: & Hardwicke Liopeltis calamaria(Gun
Page 623 and 624: Hydrophis caerulescens(Shaw) Hydrop
Page 625 and 626: turtles and is said to be particula
Page 627 and 628: Geckos, Cyrtodactylus dekkanensis (
Page 629 and 630: Ghats. This species is easily disti
Page 631 and 632: occur in Vidarbha,Ophisops jerdoniB
Page 633 and 634: python by the presence of small sca
Page 635 and 636: Striated Wolf SnakeLycodon striatus
Page 637 and 638: speciesGerardia prevostianaandEnhyd
Page 639 and 640: seasnakes. They feed on fish, some
Page 641 and 642: CHAPTER 8—AMPHIBIA The amphibians
Page 643 and 644: 9. Ramanella montana (Jerdon). Fami
Page 645 and 646: Maharashtra. The genusMicrohylais r
Page 647 and 648: lack flanks and ventrally white, un
Page 649 and 650: Figure FAUNA 649
Page 651 and 652: CHAPTER 9—LAND AND FRESHWATER INV
Page 653 and 654: Parasites in the guts of ungulate m
Page 655 and 656: Family : Ophryoglenidae. 16. Ophryo
Page 657 and 658: Locality : Bombay 24. Oxytricha sp.
Page 659 and 660: In this class cilia are present in
Page 661 and 662: 2. Spongilla alba var. bengalensis
Page 663 and 664: Locality : Igatpuri Lake ; the Rive
Page 665 and 666: 2. Tlie Filaria Worm Wuchereria bon
Page 667 and 668: 13. Pheretima houlleti (E. Perrier)
Page 669: Locality : Bombay. Genus : Eudrilus
Page 673 and 674: This is one of the largest and fatt
Page 675 and 676: are secured. Some of the species li
Page 677 and 678: Shell elcvatedly conical, thin, gre
Page 679 and 680: Locality : Nagpur, Poona, Yenna Riv
Page 681 and 682: A thin conoidly ovate shell with th
Page 683 and 684: Subcylindrical apex, shell striped,
Page 685 and 686: Aperture large, oblong. 45. Succine
Page 687 and 688: Locality : Khandala (Western Ghats
Page 689 and 690: Amphibia Bufonidae; Caecilidae; Mic
Page 691 and 692: Laniidae ; Laridae ; Meropidae ; Mo
Page 693 and 694: Hemirhamphidae ; Holocentridae ; Ho
Page 695 and 696: Amathusiidae ; Andrenidae ; Anobiid
Page 697 and 698: Henicocephalidae ; Hepialidae ; Hes
Page 699 and 700: Sphingidae ; Staphylinidae ; Stepha
Page 701 and 702: Cercopithicidae ; Cervidae ; Emball
Page 703 and 704: Arcidae ; Arenicolidae ; Dromiidae
Page 705 and 706: Laomediidae ; Laternulidae ; Lernae
Page 707 and 708: Tellinidae ; Temnopleuridae ; Temor
Page 709 and 710: Sponge Tiger Pistol Shrimp Gastrpod
Page 711: Bivalve Cardita Antiquata Bivalve_G
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