Managing Conservation Easements in Perpetuity - Environmental ...

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C O N T Acknowledgments · 5 A Note On The Standards And Practices Curriculum And Accreditation · 9 Summary · 11 Introduction · 13 Living Up to Our Obligations · 13 Course Road Map · 15 Audience · 16 Using the Book · 16 Chapter One • Recordkeeping Learning Objectives · 19 Summary · 20 Evaluate Your Practices · 21 Understanding Records Systems · 24 Policies and Procedures · 31 Records Retention and Destruction · 36 Case Study: Maryland Environmental Trust v. Gaynor · 47 Document Management · 51 Managing Records for Litigation · 61 Putting It into Practice Exercise One: Records Retention · 71 Putting It into Practice Exercise Two: Developing a Records Purpose Statement · 99 Evaluate Your Knowledge · 100 Conclusion · 104 Sample Documents · 105 Additional Resources · 140 Check Your Progress · 142
E N T S Chapter Two • Amendments Learning Objectives · 146 Summary · 147 Evaluate Your Practices · 149 The Context of Conservation Easements · 152 Legal Considerations When Amending Easements · 156 Keeping Good Traction on the Slippery Slope: Crafting Sound Amendment Policies · 175 Putting It into Practice Exercise One: Conservation Easement Amendments · 199 Drafting Easements with Amendments in Mind · 207 Drafting Amendments · 210 Alternatives to Amendments · 212 Looking Ahead: The Future of Easement Amendments · 217 Template: Easement Amendments · 219 Case Study: A Principled, Systematic Response to Problematic Landowner Demands · 226 Evaluate Your Knowledge · 230 Conclusion · 233 Sample Documents · 234 Additional Resources · 250 Check Your Progress · 253 Chapter Three • Violation Resolution And Easement Defense Learning Objectives · 255 Summary · 256 Evaluate Your Practices · 258 Importance of a Violation Policy and Procedures · 262 Developing a Violations Resolution Policy · 269 Resolving Violations · 276
Page 1: Managing Conservation Easements in
Page 4 and 5: Managing Conservation Easements in
Page 6 and 7: The Land Trust Alliance’s mission
Page 10 and 11: C O N T E N T S Violation Resolutio
Page 13 and 14: When a land trust accepts a conserv
Page 15 and 16: Eternity is a long time. Especially
Page 17 and 18: Course Road Map This course covers
Page 19: Course Resources This course includ
Page 22 and 23: Everyone is responsible for good re
Page 24 and 25: 22 4. Consider costs and capacity w
Page 26 and 27: The long-term health and success of
Page 28 and 29: 26 recordkeeping system that includ
Page 30 and 31: At a minimum, a land trust should k
Page 32 and 33: In addition to your land trust’s
Page 34 and 35: 32 to serve owners of conserved lan
Page 36 and 37: 34 Post-Closing Easement Stewardshi
Page 38 and 39: Transparent and ethical procedures
Page 40 and 41: 38 final wording of the clause. The
Page 42 and 43: 40 certain documents, such as lette
Page 44 and 45: 42 able people depending on life ex
Page 46 and 47: Proper record destruction maintains
Page 48 and 49: Recordkeeping practices are essenti
Page 50 and 51: C A S E S T U D Y When the house wa
Page 52 and 53: C A S E S T U D Y People close to t
Page 54 and 55: Every project file should have a un
Page 56 and 57: 54 project; -00 identifies the firs
Page 58 and 59:
Do not store permanent files — ev
Page 60 and 61:
Example 58 Combination system. Seve
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60 Retrieving Documents Documents n
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Hearsay is like children playing th
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64 trust prepares. A commitment to
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66 Essential Conservation Documents
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68 For more information on drafting
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70 for admitting GIS-driven maps in
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P U T T I N G I T I N T O P R A C T
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Page 100 and 101:
Statute of limitations: The maximum
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100 Evaluate Your Knowledge Answer
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102 Guidance 1. A written records p
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104 Conclusion Recordkeeping is an
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106 management system, a database t
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Brandywine Conservancy: Conservatio
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Mountain Conservation Trust of GA:
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Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
VLT: Conservation Stewardship Progr
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VLT: Computer Document File Structu
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MALT: Records Management Policy All
Page 124 and 125:
MALT: Records Management Policy 122
Page 126 and 127:
MALT: Records Management Policy Mon
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Greensboro Land Trust: Statement of
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CLC: Record-keeping Policy 128 COLU
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CLC: Record-keeping Policy next reg
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CLC: Record-keeping Policy • Insp
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CLC: Record-keeping Policy 4. Trade
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VLT: Recordkeeping System Examples
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VLT: Recordkeeping System Examples
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140 Additional Resources “The Adm
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142 Check Your Progress Before movi
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Chapter Two • Amendments Otis B.
Page 149 and 150:
• Understand the different kinds
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Conservation easement amendments in
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deal with conflicts of interest in
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The challenge for each land trust w
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source can be invaluable in these c
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to add acreage or correct scrivener
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Organizational and Governance Docum
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Guidance on Completing IRS Form 990
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other words, these prohibitions app
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the unique and significant size of
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Islands. The states are Alabama, Al
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to agree with the owner of the encu
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are respected in other states. Your
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should consult with experienced leg
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e added up to reach a decision; for
Page 179 and 180:
State Nonprofit Law Requirements St
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protected conservation values and t
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Principles 5, 6 and 7 tie the amend
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No amendment policy should be more
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easement or the amendment in a four
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context in which a land trust opera
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make a recommendation to the board
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Table 2-3: Land Trust Capacity and
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These are subjects that require leg
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3. Negotiating with the landowner.
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Consulting with State Officials The
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Conservation Easement Amendments Th
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Scenario 2: Excessive Stewardship O
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Scenario 3: Weighing Impacts to Con
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Scenario 2: Excessive Stewardship O
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Drafting Easements with Amendments
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Easement Amendment Provisions Part
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the protected property is located.
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ary, these less permanent approache
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Discretionary Waiver A discretionar
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Looking Ahead: The Future of Easeme
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Easement Amendments This exercise m
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• Not result in private inurement
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V. Amendment Procedures [page 186]
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Insert the date of the policy and t
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communicating a clear process in si
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• Applied its existing conflict o
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5. Can describe two ways that your
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Conclusion Although conservation ea
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considering an amendment and the po
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I. General Policy Statement GVLT: C
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cost agreement will be developed an
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VLT Amendment Principles and Consid
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Sample Language Permitting Amendmen
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hereby approved and will not be dee
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May 23, 2006 name address town re:
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If you have any questions, please c
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“Hicks v. Dowd: The End of Perpet
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Check Your Progress Before moving o
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256 • Describe the role of variou
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258 Adoption and implementation of
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260 the landowner on the land, you
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Adopting and implementing an easeme
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A violation resolution policy holds
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IRS Form 990 and Easement Violation
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268 WCLT learned that having a thou
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If you make public detailed violati
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Collecting and sharing violation in
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Moderate and major violations go to
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Violation policies should contain a
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The key to discovering easement vio
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Recordkeeping is essential to effec
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Extra precautions need to be taken
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Third-party violator: A person or e
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The person designated to talk with
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Knowing When You Have to Go to the
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290 first. This letter caused the l
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Mediation: The act of an impartial
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All conservation easements should i
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Third-party enforcer: A person or e
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298 with respect to the conservatio
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300 like posture, you will be more
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Example 302 state. If the best cour
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Avoid placing mandatory arbitration
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306 a landowner is harvesting timbe
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308 Combined Approach Often you wil
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Your land trust’s legal rights ma
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Many land trusts create one dedicat
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Land trusts may need to rethink cur
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Waiver: The intentional or voluntar
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Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Quiet title action: A lawsuit broug
Page 330 and 331:
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T E M P L A T E You should refrain
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T E M P L A T E In determining the
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T E M P L A T E Sample Language The
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T E M P L A T E other violation res
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C A S E S T U D Y called VLT to rep
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C A S E S T U D Y Guidance Vermont
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342 4. Can list four alternatives t
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344 2. Violation resolution princip
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346 6. Essential violation document
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348 Sample Documents The following
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Dutchess Land Conservancy: Conserva
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
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MALT: Easement Violation Policy 3.
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MCTGA: Procedure for Enforcement of
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MCTGA: Procedure for Enforcement of
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TRLT: Easement Enforcement Guidelin
Page 366 and 367:
VLT: Easement Enforcement Flow Char
Page 368 and 369:
VLT: Easement Enforcement Flow Char
Page 370 and 371:
VLT: Conservation Stewardship Progr
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VLT: Quick Answers to Assist You wi
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VLT: Stewardship’s FAQs VLT LANDO
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VLT: Stewardship’s FAQs VLT LANDO
Page 378 and 379:
376 Guidebook for Directors of Nonp
Page 380 and 381:
378 Check Your Progress Before comp
Page 382 and 383:
380 • Develop an amendment policy
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Glossary Administrative deviation d
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the property worthy of permanent co
Page 389 and 390:
Policy: A specific course of action
Page 391 and 392:
Index arbitration 266, 292, 294, 30
Page 394:
Governance Mission, Planning and Ca
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