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Plate 8 Living Flamingo Tongues on the Rough Sea-^vhip, Muricea muricata Pallas. Upper right: McGinty's Cyphoma, Cyphoma mcgintyi Pilsbry, 1 inch (Southeastern Florida), p. 184. Lower Three: Flamingo Tongue, Cyphoma gibbosum Linne, 1 inch (North Carolina to West Indies), p. 183.
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I inch (English) I pouce (French) I
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THE NEW ILLUSTRATED NATURALIST EDIT
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NEW YORK D. Van Nostrand Company, I
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Preface This book wrote itself in r
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Contents CHAPTER PAGE Preface vii L
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1 xii List of Plates PLATE 2 3 BETW
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XIV A.AV Foreivord of all of us who
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CHAPTER I Man and Mollusks Seashell
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Man and Mollusks 5 Indo-Pacific are
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Man and Molhisks 7 (Cypraecassis ru
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Man and Mollusks 9 It was not until
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Man and Molhisks 11 shell ornaments
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Man and Mollusks 13 ancients. They
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Ma7J and Mollusks 15 Sea Snails, ]a
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Life of the Snails 17 pods. A few s
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Life of the Snails 19 ma {Smtnia) l
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Life of the Snails 21 review of the
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Life of the Snails 23 from which th
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Life of the Snails 25 sexuality. Du
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IMASSARIUS Life of the Snails 27 Fi
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Life of the Snails 29 eggs may deve
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CHAPTER III Life of the Clams Of th
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Life of the Clams 3 3 book and, by
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Life of the Cla?ns HOW THEY FEED No
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Life of the Cla?ns 37 Lying close t
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Life of the Cla?ns 39 A certain amo
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Life of the Clams 41 the eggs are f
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Life of the Clams 43 HOW THEY SENSE
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Life of the Clams 45 the scallops.
Page 65 and 66:
Lives of the Other Mollusks 47 crip
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Lives of the Other Mollusks 49 freq
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Lives of the Other Molliisks 51 now
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Lives of the Other Mollusks 53 spec
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Lives of the Other Mollusks 55 micr
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Collecting American Seashells SI It
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Collecting A7nerican Seashells 59 s
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CollecMg American Seashells 61 grav
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Collecting American Seashells 63 va
Page 83 and 84:
Collecting American Seashells 65 eq
Page 85 and 86:
Collectifig American Seashells 61 o
Page 87 and 88:
Collecting American Seash ells 69 A
Page 89 and 90:
Honjo to Know American Seashells 71
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How to Know American Seashells 73 F
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Honv to Know Ajjierican Seash ells
Page 95 and 96: Hoiv to Know American Seashells 77
Page 97 and 98: How to Knouo American Seashells 79
Page 99 and 100: Honjo to K?iow American Seashells 8
Page 101 and 102: HouD to Know Aiiiericmi Seashells 8
Page 103 and 104: Houo to Know Afjierican Seashells 8
Page 105 and 106: How to K?iow American Seashells 87
Page 107: PART II Guide to the American Seash
Page 110 and 111: 92 America?! Seash ells Gulf of Mex
Page 112 and 113: 94 American Seashells Haliotis kamt
Page 114 and 115: 96 American Seashells Puncturella c
Page 116 and 117: 98 Ainerican Seash ells Diodora mur
Page 118 and 119: 100 American Seashells Subfamily FI
Page 120 and 121: 102 American Seashells Subgenus Col
Page 122 and 123: 104 American Seashells I % inch in
Page 124 and 125: 106 American Seashells Acmaea antil
Page 126 and 127: 108 American Seash ells Margarites
Page 128 and 129: 1 10 American Seashells Subgenus Ca
Page 130 and 131: 112 American Seash ells Subfamily C
Page 132 and 133: 114 American Seashells Figure 33. V
Page 134: Plate 2 PACIFIC COAST ABALONES a. R
Page 138: Plate 4 NERITES, PURPLE SEA-SNAILS,
Page 142: Plate 6 COWRIES a. Atlantic Yellow
Page 148: Plate 9 BONNETS, TUNS AND FROG-SHEL
Page 152: Plate 1 SPINDLES, DWARF OLIVES AND
Page 156: Plate 13 ATLANTIC TULIPS, SPINDLES
Page 160 and 161: Plate 15 NEW ENGLAND NUDIBRANCHS a.
Page 162 and 163: Plate 16 PACIFIC COAST NIIDIBRANCHS
Page 165 and 166: TROCHIDAE 115 % to I Inch in length
Page 167 and 168: TROCHIDAE 117 Indies, Although fair
Page 169 and 170: TROCHIDAE 119 T. hotessierana Orbig
Page 171 and 172: TURBINIDAE 121 should be considered
Page 173 and 174: TURBINIDAE 12 3 Arene variabilis Da
Page 175 and 176: TURBINIDAE Ventura, California, to
Page 177 and 178: PHASIANELLIDAE 1 2 7 Lower Florida
Page 179 and 180: NERITIDAE 129 Nerita fulgurans Gmel
Page 181 and 182: LITTORINIDAE 131 Shell smooth excep
Page 183 and 184: LITTORINIDAE 13 3 Littorina angulif
Page 185 and 186: RISSOIDAE US 34 to 1 inch in length
Page 187 and 188: RISSOIDAE 137 C. Interspaces with s
Page 189 and 190: VITRINELLIDAE 139 Vs inch in diamet
Page 191 and 192: TURRITELLIDAE 141 but usually has s
Page 193 and 194: VERMETIDAE 143 heavily beaded, spir
Page 195 and 196:
CAECIDAE 145 not the common West Fl
Page 197 and 198:
CAECIDAE 147 3.0 mm. in length by i
Page 199 and 200:
CAECIDAE 149 shell, cutting across
Page 201 and 202:
POTAMIDIDAE 151 the outside of the
Page 203 and 204:
CERITHIIDAE 15 3 2 yellowish white,
Page 205 and 206:
CERITHIIDAE 155 % to /4 inch in len
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CERITHIIDAE 157 %6 to % inch in len
Page 209 and 210:
TRIPHORIDAE 159 cords or threads. A
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EPITONIIDAE 161 be opisthobranchs a
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EPITONIIDAE 163 Vo X.0 % inch in le
Page 215 and 216:
HIPPONICIDAE 165 % to % inch in len
Page 217 and 218:
TRICHOTROPIDAE 167 is white in colo
Page 219 and 220:
CALYPTRAEIDAE 169 I % inches in dia
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CALYPTRAEIDAE 171 Variable in shape
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STROMBIDAE 17 3 "It is generally ad
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LAMELLARIIDAE 175 Strombus ranimis
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ERATOIDAE 177 ^ inch in length, res
Page 229 and 230:
ERATOIDAE 179 Trivia 7tix Schilder
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CYPRAEIDAE 181 Cypraea mus Linne (p
Page 233 and 234:
OVULIDAE 183 Neosimnia avena Sowerb
Page 235 and 236:
NATICIDAE 185 ^ inch in diameter, p
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NATICIDAE 187 Subgenus Glossaulax P
Page 239 and 240:
NATICIDAE 189 Genus Lunatia Gray 18
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NATICIDAE 191 Subjainily NATICINAE
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CASSIDIDAE 193 1% to 3 inches in le
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CYMATIIDAE 195 enamel-white. Enamel
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BURSIDAE 197 % to 2^2 inches in len
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TONNIDAE 199 Subgenus Crossata Jous
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MURICIDAE 201 3 inches in length, w
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MURIGIDAE 203 Outer lip crenulate a
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MURICIDAE 205 completely. A deep wa
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MURIGIDAE 207 described, and we hav
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MURICIDAE 209 1% to 2 inches in len
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a. KEYHOLE LIMPET, Megathura crenu-
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a. ERODED PERIWINKLE, Littorina pla
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a. LAMELLOSE WENTLETRAP, Epitonium
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TWO-KEELED HAIRY-SHELL, Tiicliotrop
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a. SULCATE MITER, Mitra sulcata Gme
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a. COMMON EASTERN OYSTER, Crasso- s
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BROAD-RIBBED CARDITA, Cardita flori
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a. GIANT ATLANTIC COCKLE, Dbwcardiu
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MURICIDAE 211 Muricopsis ostrearum
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MURICIDAE 213 Urosalpinx tampaensis
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MURICIDAE 215 with rounded, spiral
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MURICIDAE 217 often fimbriated axia
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MAGILIDAE 219 Aperture white. Exter
Page 303 and 304:
COLUMBELLIDAE 221 Genus Anachis H.
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COLUMBELLIDAE 22 3 gausapata Gould
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BUCCINIDAE 225 a much higher spire,
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BUCCINIDAE 111 3 to 4 inches in len
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BUCCINIDAE 229 Colus pubescens Verr
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BUCCINIDAE 231 Subgenus Sulcosipho
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BUCCINIDAE 23 3 Former distinct var
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MELONGENIDAE 235 Melongena corona p
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NASSARIIDAE 237 part of the Gulf of
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NASSARIIDAE 2 39 Subgenus Hinia Gra
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FASCIOLARIIDAE 241 iVi inches in le
Page 325 and 326:
FASCIOLARIIDAE 243 Subfa?nily FUSIN
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OLIVIDAE 245 7 to 14 inches in leng
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OLIVIDAE 247 % inch in length, apex
Page 331 and 332:
MITRIDAE 249 in color. lo whorls. C
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VOLUTIDAE 251 Subgenus Aurinia H. a
Page 335 and 336:
CANCELLARIIDAE 2 5 3 Genus Narona H
Page 337 and 338:
Figure 56. Marginellas. a, Marginel
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MARGINELLIDAE 257 Prunu77t apicimw7
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MARGINELLIDAE 2 59 % inch in length
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CONIDAE 261 brown dots sometimes pr
Page 345 and 346:
CONIDAE 263 % to % inch in length;
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TEREBRIDAE 265 Conus californiciis
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TURRIDAE 267 Terebra salleana Desha
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Figure 57. American Turret and Mang
Page 353 and 354:
TURRIDAE 271 brown with a white ban
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TURRIDAE 27 3 Siibjainily BORSONIIN
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ACTEONIDAE 275 5 mm. in length; bod
Page 359 and 360:
BULLIDAE 277 Fa7mly DIAPHANIDAE Gen
Page 361 and 362:
ATYDAE 279 Genus Haminoea Turton an
Page 363 and 364:
ACTEOCINIDAE 281 3 to 4 mm. in leng
Page 365 and 366:
GASTROPTERIDAE 2 8 3 mantle reflexe
Page 367 and 368:
APLYSIDAE 285 G. pacificu77i Bergh
Page 369 and 370:
PLEUROBRANCHIDAE 287 ish. Gill plum
Page 371 and 372:
PYRAMIDELLIDAE 289 to the host by m
Page 373 and 374:
PYRAMIDELLIDAE 291 Figure 63. Pacif
Page 375 and 376:
PERACLIDAE 293 Spiratella lesueuri
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CAVOLINIDAE 295 8 mm. in length, co
Page 379 and 380:
PTEROPODA 297 FiGURK 64. F.xplanati
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DORIDAE 299 stricted. There is only
Page 383 and 384:
DORIDAE 301 rate, retractile branch
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DENDRODORIDIDAE 303 minute, compres
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ONCHIDORIDAE 305 2 to 3 inches in l
Page 389 and 390:
DENDRONOTIDAE 307 Ancula pacifica M
Page 391 and 392:
FLABELLINIDAE 309 to 4. Radula of 8
Page 393 and 394:
SIPHONARIIDAE 311 Figure 65. Atlant
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With tiny, granular scales: LEPIDOC
Page 397 and 398:
MOPALIIDAE 315 Family MOPALIIDAE Ge
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CRYPTOPLACIDAE 317 center of each v
Page 401 and 402:
ISCHNOCHITONIDAE 319 fly-shaped val
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ISCHNOCHITONIDAE 3 2 % to /4 inch i
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ISCHNOCHITONIDAE 3 2 3 I to 1V2 inc
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CHITONIDAE 325 Chiton squa?7tosiis
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CHAPTER IX Dentaliums and Other Tus
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Dentalium texasianum Philippi North
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DENTALIIDAE 331 Subgenus Graptacme
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SOLEMYACIDAE 33 3 Order PALAEOCONCH
Page 417 and 418:
NUCULIDAE 3 35 Nucula atacellana Sc
Page 419 and 420:
NUCULANIDAE 337 valves). Concentric
Page 421 and 422:
NUCULANIDAE 3 39 About H to % inch
Page 423 and 424:
ARCIDAE 341 1% to 2 inches in lengt
Page 425 and 426:
ARCIDAE 343 ment moderately develop
Page 427 and 428:
ARCIDAE 345 2/4 to 5 inches in leng
Page 429 and 430:
LIMOPSIDAE 347 angular. Mostly deep
Page 431 and 432:
MYTILIDAE 349 Glycymeris americana
Page 433 and 434:
MYTILIDAE 351 Crenella columbiana D
Page 435 and 436:
MYTILIDAE 35 3 purplish and white.
Page 437 and 438:
MYTILIDAE 355 siphon and behind int
Page 439 and 440:
MYTILIDAE 357 with strong, vertical
Page 441 and 442:
FINNIDAE 359 Family PTERIIDAE Genus
Page 443 and 444:
PECTINIDAE 361 row, elongate chondr
Page 445 and 446:
PECTINIDAE 363 Pecten tereinus Dall
Page 447 and 448:
PECTINIDAE 365 secondary rib in bet
Page 449 and 450:
PECTINIDAE 367 margin of the valve.
Page 451 and 452:
SPONDYLIDAE 369 are attached to roc
Page 453 and 454:
ANOMIIDAE 371 I to 3 inches in heig
Page 455 and 456:
OSTREIDAE 37 3 similar to the Pacif
Page 457 and 458:
ASTARTIDAE 375 Crassostrea virginic
Page 459 and 460:
CRASSA TELLIDAE 3 7 7 adjacent and
Page 461 and 462:
CARDITIDAE 379 each other, located
Page 463 and 464:
ARCTICIDAE 381 shells are smooth an
Page 465 and 466:
DIPLODONTIDAE 383 Superjamily LUCIN
Page 467 and 468:
LUCINIDAE 385 monly with a thin, ye
Page 469 and 470:
LUCINIDAE 387 thick-shelled, white,
Page 471 and 472:
LUCINIDAE 389 The subspecies centri
Page 473 and 474:
CHAMIDAE 391 I to I K Inches In len
Page 475 and 476:
CHAMIDAE 393 of the valves. The paU
Page 477 and 478:
LEPTONIDAE 395 Lasaea cistula Keen
Page 479 and 480:
CARDIIDAE 397 a single specimen, is
Page 481 and 482:
CARDIIDAE 399 I to 2 inches in size
Page 483 and 484:
CARDIIDAE 401 Exterior orange-yello
Page 486 and 487:
Plate 34 SMALL SCALLOPS a. Sentis S
Page 488:
Plate 35 PEARL OYSTERS AND MUSSELS
Page 492:
Plate 37 JEWEL BOXES a. Clear Jewel
Page 496:
Plate 39 VENUS CLAMS AND COCKLES a.
Page 501 and 502:
CARD]IDAE 403 round and slightly ga
Page 503 and 504:
VENERIDAE 405 1% inches in length,
Page 505 and 506:
VENERIDAE 407 Genus Chione Miihlfel
Page 507 and 508:
VENERIDAE 409 % to % inch in length
Page 509 and 510:
VENERIDAE 411 1% to 2 inches in len
Page 511 and 512:
VENERIDAE 413 ^ to % inch in length
Page 513 and 514:
VENERIDAE 415 more distinct concent
Page 515 and 516:
VENERIDAE 417 storms between Seal B
Page 517 and 518:
PETRICOLIDAE 419 Color whitish to t
Page 519 and 520:
TELLINIDAE 421 pointed and slightly
Page 521 and 522:
TELLINIDAE 423 Schrank 1803 nor Lea
Page 523 and 524:
Tellina modesta Carpenter TELLINIDA
Page 525 and 526:
TELLINIDAE 427 Tellina iris Say Iri
Page 527 and 528:
TELLINIDAE 429 the pallial sinus ru
Page 529 and 530:
TELLINIDAE 4^1 centric sculpture of
Page 531 and 532:
TELLINIDAE 43 3 Macoma yoldijormis
Page 533 and 534:
SEMELIDAE 435 Semele pwpiirascens G
Page 535 and 536:
DONACIDAE 437 A bra aequalis Say Co
Page 537 and 538:
SANGUINOLARIIDAE 439 a purple flush
Page 539 and 540:
SANGUINOLARllDAE 441 obscure) runni
Page 541 and 542:
SOLENIDAE 443 5 to 6 inches in leng
Page 543 and 544:
MACTRIDAE 445 coarse, concentric, i
Page 545 and 546:
MACTRIDAE 447 end smaller than the
Page 547 and 548:
MACTRIDAE 449 Genus Miilinia Gray 1
Page 549 and 550:
MESODESMATIDAE 451 Figure 91. Rangi
Page 551 and 552:
HIATELLIDAE 45 3 the dorsal and ven
Page 553 and 554:
MYACIDAE 455 My a arenaria Linne So
Page 555 and 556:
CORBULIDAE 457 % of an inch in leng
Page 557 and 558:
GASTROCHAENIDAE 459 dull white with
Page 559 and 560:
PHOLADIDAE 461 the valves. No scien
Page 561 and 562:
PHOLADIDAE 463 which is supported b
Page 563 and 564:
TEREDINIDAE 465 % to I ^ inches in
Page 565 and 566:
TEREDINIDAE 467 Pallets about Vs in
Page 567 and 568:
PANDORIDAE 469 ally compressed. Out
Page 569 and 570:
THRACIIDAE 471 I inch in length, th
Page 571 and 572:
PERIPLOA4A TIDAE 47 3 in a ventral
Page 573 and 574:
CUSPIDARIIDAE 475 entire surface of
Page 575 and 576:
CUSPIDARIIDAE 477 Cardio7nya pectin
Page 577 and 578:
SEPIOLIDAE 479 The rather fragile,
Page 579 and 580:
LOLIGINIDAE 481 Figure 99. Atlantic
Page 581 and 582:
OMMASTREPHIDAE 48 3 Genus Doryteuth
Page 583 and 584:
OCTOPODIDAE 485 Family ARGONAUTIDAE
Page 585 and 586:
OCTOPODIDAE 487 under large rocks a
Page 587 and 588:
W OCTOPODIDAE 489 Aside from egg-si
Page 589 and 590:
Guide to the Molluscmi Literature 4
Page 591 and 592:
Guide to the Molliiscan Literature
Page 593 and 594:
Guide to the Molluscan Literature 4
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Guide to the Molhiscan Literature 5
Page 601 and 602:
Guide to the Molhiscan Literature 5
Page 603 and 604:
Index to Subject Matter and Common
Page 605 and 606:
Carinate Dove-shell, 222 Carinate L
Page 607 and 608:
I Flat Moon Shell, see Common Baby'
Page 609 and 610:
I- 1 Lunar Dove-shell, 223, pi. 25g
Page 611 and 612:
Rattle Shell, see Blackberry Drupe,
Page 613:
Do^^ Fryon's Scallop, 366, pi. 33a
Page 616 and 617:
518 Agriodesma, 469 Agriopoma, 416
Page 618 and 619:
520 bitruncata, Panope, 454 Bittium
Page 620 and 621:
522 cepio, Pododesmus, 572 Cerastod
Page 622 and 623:
524 Index cucuUata, Puncturella, 96
Page 624 and 625:
526 Fartulum, 149 fasciata, Tegula,
Page 626 and 627:
528 rugosa, 453 striata, 453, fig.
Page 628 and 629:
530 fenestrata, 122, pi. i8u lirata
Page 630 and 631:
532 petri, 205 pomum, 202, pi. lo-l
Page 632 and 633:
534 Paleoconcha, 332, 333 pallasi,
Page 634 and 635:
536 Pteriidae, 359 Pteropoda, 292 P
Page 636 and 637:
538 weyssei, 130 miithi, Boreotroph
Page 638 and 639:
540 haemastoma haysae, 213 imbricat
Page 641:
I I
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