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Plate 33 LARGE SCALLOPS a. Tryon's Scallop, Aequipecten glyptiis Verrill, 2% inches (Massachusetts to the Gulf of Mexico), p. 366. b. Lion's Paw, Lyropecten nodosiis L., 5 inches (North Carolina to the West Indies), p. 366. c. Atlantic Deepsea Scallop, Flacopecten magellanicus Gmelin, 8 inches (Lab- rador to off North Carolina), p. 366. d. Zigzag Scallop, Pecten ziczac L., 3 inches (North Carolina to the West Indies), p. 362. e. San Diego Scallop, Pecten diegensis Dall, 3 inches (California), p. 361. f. Laurentian Scallop, Pecten laiirenti Gmelin, 3 inches (West Indies), p. 362. g. Ravenel's Scallop, Pecten raveneli Dall, i % and the West Indies), p. 362. inches (North Carolina to Texas h. Circular Pacific Scallop, Aeqidpecte?j circidaris Sby., 2% inches (Pacific side of Central America), not in text. i. Atlantic Bay Scallop, Aequipecten irradians irradians Lam., 3 inches (At- lantic Coast), p. 367. j. Calico Scallop, Aequipecten gibbus L., 1% inches (North Carolina to West Indies), p. 368.
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I inch (English) I pouce (French) I
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THE NEW ILLUSTRATED NATURALIST EDIT
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NEW YORK D. Van Nostrand Company, I
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Preface This book wrote itself in r
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Contents CHAPTER PAGE Preface vii L
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1 xii List of Plates PLATE 2 3 BETW
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XIV A.AV Foreivord of all of us who
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CHAPTER I Man and Mollusks Seashell
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Man and Mollusks 5 Indo-Pacific are
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Man and Molhisks 7 (Cypraecassis ru
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Man and Mollusks 9 It was not until
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Man and Molhisks 11 shell ornaments
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Man and Mollusks 13 ancients. They
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Ma7J and Mollusks 15 Sea Snails, ]a
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Life of the Snails 17 pods. A few s
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Life of the Snails 19 ma {Smtnia) l
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Life of the Snails 21 review of the
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Life of the Snails 23 from which th
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Life of the Snails 25 sexuality. Du
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IMASSARIUS Life of the Snails 27 Fi
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Life of the Snails 29 eggs may deve
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CHAPTER III Life of the Clams Of th
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Life of the Clams 3 3 book and, by
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Life of the Cla?ns HOW THEY FEED No
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Life of the Cla?ns 37 Lying close t
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Life of the Cla?ns 39 A certain amo
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Life of the Clams 41 the eggs are f
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Life of the Clams 43 HOW THEY SENSE
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Life of the Clams 45 the scallops.
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Lives of the Other Mollusks 47 crip
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Lives of the Other Mollusks 49 freq
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Lives of the Other Molliisks 51 now
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Lives of the Other Mollusks 53 spec
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Lives of the Other Mollusks 55 micr
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Collecting American Seashells SI It
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Collecting A7nerican Seashells 59 s
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CollecMg American Seashells 61 grav
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Collecting American Seashells 63 va
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Collecting American Seashells 65 eq
Page 85 and 86:
Collectifig American Seashells 61 o
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Collecting American Seash ells 69 A
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Honjo to Know American Seashells 71
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How to Know American Seashells 73 F
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Honv to Know Ajjierican Seash ells
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Hoiv to Know American Seashells 77
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How to Knouo American Seashells 79
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Honjo to K?iow American Seashells 8
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HouD to Know Aiiiericmi Seashells 8
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Houo to Know Afjierican Seashells 8
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How to K?iow American Seashells 87
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PART II Guide to the American Seash
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92 America?! Seash ells Gulf of Mex
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94 American Seashells Haliotis kamt
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96 American Seashells Puncturella c
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98 Ainerican Seash ells Diodora mur
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100 American Seashells Subfamily FI
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102 American Seashells Subgenus Col
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104 American Seashells I % inch in
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106 American Seashells Acmaea antil
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108 American Seash ells Margarites
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1 10 American Seashells Subgenus Ca
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112 American Seash ells Subfamily C
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114 American Seashells Figure 33. V
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Plate 2 PACIFIC COAST ABALONES a. R
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Plate 4 NERITES, PURPLE SEA-SNAILS,
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Plate 6 COWRIES a. Atlantic Yellow
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Plate 8 Living Flamingo Tongues on
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Plate 9 BONNETS, TUNS AND FROG-SHEL
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Plate 1 SPINDLES, DWARF OLIVES AND
Page 156:
Plate 13 ATLANTIC TULIPS, SPINDLES
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Plate 15 NEW ENGLAND NUDIBRANCHS a.
Page 162 and 163:
Plate 16 PACIFIC COAST NIIDIBRANCHS
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TROCHIDAE 115 % to I Inch in length
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TROCHIDAE 117 Indies, Although fair
Page 169 and 170:
TROCHIDAE 119 T. hotessierana Orbig
Page 171 and 172:
TURBINIDAE 121 should be considered
Page 173 and 174:
TURBINIDAE 12 3 Arene variabilis Da
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TURBINIDAE Ventura, California, to
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PHASIANELLIDAE 1 2 7 Lower Florida
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NERITIDAE 129 Nerita fulgurans Gmel
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LITTORINIDAE 131 Shell smooth excep
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LITTORINIDAE 13 3 Littorina angulif
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RISSOIDAE US 34 to 1 inch in length
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RISSOIDAE 137 C. Interspaces with s
Page 189 and 190:
VITRINELLIDAE 139 Vs inch in diamet
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TURRITELLIDAE 141 but usually has s
Page 193 and 194:
VERMETIDAE 143 heavily beaded, spir
Page 195 and 196:
CAECIDAE 145 not the common West Fl
Page 197 and 198:
CAECIDAE 147 3.0 mm. in length by i
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CAECIDAE 149 shell, cutting across
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POTAMIDIDAE 151 the outside of the
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CERITHIIDAE 15 3 2 yellowish white,
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CERITHIIDAE 155 % to /4 inch in len
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CERITHIIDAE 157 %6 to % inch in len
Page 209 and 210:
TRIPHORIDAE 159 cords or threads. A
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EPITONIIDAE 161 be opisthobranchs a
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EPITONIIDAE 163 Vo X.0 % inch in le
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HIPPONICIDAE 165 % to % inch in len
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TRICHOTROPIDAE 167 is white in colo
Page 219 and 220:
CALYPTRAEIDAE 169 I % inches in dia
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CALYPTRAEIDAE 171 Variable in shape
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STROMBIDAE 17 3 "It is generally ad
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LAMELLARIIDAE 175 Strombus ranimis
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ERATOIDAE 177 ^ inch in length, res
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ERATOIDAE 179 Trivia 7tix Schilder
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CYPRAEIDAE 181 Cypraea mus Linne (p
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OVULIDAE 183 Neosimnia avena Sowerb
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NATICIDAE 185 ^ inch in diameter, p
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NATICIDAE 187 Subgenus Glossaulax P
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NATICIDAE 189 Genus Lunatia Gray 18
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NATICIDAE 191 Subjainily NATICINAE
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CASSIDIDAE 193 1% to 3 inches in le
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CYMATIIDAE 195 enamel-white. Enamel
Page 247 and 248:
BURSIDAE 197 % to 2^2 inches in len
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TONNIDAE 199 Subgenus Crossata Jous
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MURICIDAE 201 3 inches in length, w
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MURIGIDAE 203 Outer lip crenulate a
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MURICIDAE 205 completely. A deep wa
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MURIGIDAE 207 described, and we hav
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MURICIDAE 209 1% to 2 inches in len
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a. KEYHOLE LIMPET, Megathura crenu-
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a. ERODED PERIWINKLE, Littorina pla
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a. LAMELLOSE WENTLETRAP, Epitonium
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TWO-KEELED HAIRY-SHELL, Tiicliotrop
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a. SULCATE MITER, Mitra sulcata Gme
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a. COMMON EASTERN OYSTER, Crasso- s
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BROAD-RIBBED CARDITA, Cardita flori
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a. GIANT ATLANTIC COCKLE, Dbwcardiu
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MURICIDAE 211 Muricopsis ostrearum
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MURICIDAE 213 Urosalpinx tampaensis
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MURICIDAE 215 with rounded, spiral
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MURICIDAE 217 often fimbriated axia
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MAGILIDAE 219 Aperture white. Exter
Page 303 and 304:
COLUMBELLIDAE 221 Genus Anachis H.
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COLUMBELLIDAE 22 3 gausapata Gould
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BUCCINIDAE 225 a much higher spire,
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BUCCINIDAE 111 3 to 4 inches in len
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BUCCINIDAE 229 Colus pubescens Verr
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BUCCINIDAE 231 Subgenus Sulcosipho
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BUCCINIDAE 23 3 Former distinct var
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MELONGENIDAE 235 Melongena corona p
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NASSARIIDAE 237 part of the Gulf of
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NASSARIIDAE 2 39 Subgenus Hinia Gra
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FASCIOLARIIDAE 241 iVi inches in le
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FASCIOLARIIDAE 243 Subfa?nily FUSIN
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OLIVIDAE 245 7 to 14 inches in leng
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OLIVIDAE 247 % inch in length, apex
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MITRIDAE 249 in color. lo whorls. C
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VOLUTIDAE 251 Subgenus Aurinia H. a
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CANCELLARIIDAE 2 5 3 Genus Narona H
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Figure 56. Marginellas. a, Marginel
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MARGINELLIDAE 257 Prunu77t apicimw7
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MARGINELLIDAE 2 59 % inch in length
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CONIDAE 261 brown dots sometimes pr
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CONIDAE 263 % to % inch in length;
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TEREBRIDAE 265 Conus californiciis
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TURRIDAE 267 Terebra salleana Desha
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Figure 57. American Turret and Mang
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TURRIDAE 271 brown with a white ban
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TURRIDAE 27 3 Siibjainily BORSONIIN
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ACTEONIDAE 275 5 mm. in length; bod
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BULLIDAE 277 Fa7mly DIAPHANIDAE Gen
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ATYDAE 279 Genus Haminoea Turton an
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ACTEOCINIDAE 281 3 to 4 mm. in leng
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GASTROPTERIDAE 2 8 3 mantle reflexe
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APLYSIDAE 285 G. pacificu77i Bergh
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PLEUROBRANCHIDAE 287 ish. Gill plum
Page 371 and 372:
PYRAMIDELLIDAE 289 to the host by m
Page 373 and 374:
PYRAMIDELLIDAE 291 Figure 63. Pacif
Page 375 and 376:
PERACLIDAE 293 Spiratella lesueuri
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CAVOLINIDAE 295 8 mm. in length, co
Page 379 and 380:
PTEROPODA 297 FiGURK 64. F.xplanati
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DORIDAE 299 stricted. There is only
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DORIDAE 301 rate, retractile branch
Page 385 and 386:
DENDRODORIDIDAE 303 minute, compres
Page 387 and 388:
ONCHIDORIDAE 305 2 to 3 inches in l
Page 389 and 390:
DENDRONOTIDAE 307 Ancula pacifica M
Page 391 and 392:
FLABELLINIDAE 309 to 4. Radula of 8
Page 393 and 394:
SIPHONARIIDAE 311 Figure 65. Atlant
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With tiny, granular scales: LEPIDOC
Page 397 and 398:
MOPALIIDAE 315 Family MOPALIIDAE Ge
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CRYPTOPLACIDAE 317 center of each v
Page 401 and 402:
ISCHNOCHITONIDAE 319 fly-shaped val
Page 403 and 404:
ISCHNOCHITONIDAE 3 2 % to /4 inch i
Page 405 and 406:
ISCHNOCHITONIDAE 3 2 3 I to 1V2 inc
Page 407 and 408:
CHITONIDAE 325 Chiton squa?7tosiis
Page 409 and 410:
CHAPTER IX Dentaliums and Other Tus
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Dentalium texasianum Philippi North
Page 413 and 414:
DENTALIIDAE 331 Subgenus Graptacme
Page 415 and 416:
SOLEMYACIDAE 33 3 Order PALAEOCONCH
Page 417 and 418:
NUCULIDAE 3 35 Nucula atacellana Sc
Page 419 and 420:
NUCULANIDAE 337 valves). Concentric
Page 421 and 422:
NUCULANIDAE 3 39 About H to % inch
Page 423 and 424:
ARCIDAE 341 1% to 2 inches in lengt
Page 425 and 426:
ARCIDAE 343 ment moderately develop
Page 427 and 428:
ARCIDAE 345 2/4 to 5 inches in leng
Page 429 and 430:
LIMOPSIDAE 347 angular. Mostly deep
Page 431 and 432:
MYTILIDAE 349 Glycymeris americana
Page 433 and 434: MYTILIDAE 351 Crenella columbiana D
Page 435 and 436: MYTILIDAE 35 3 purplish and white.
Page 437 and 438: MYTILIDAE 355 siphon and behind int
Page 439 and 440: MYTILIDAE 357 with strong, vertical
Page 441 and 442: FINNIDAE 359 Family PTERIIDAE Genus
Page 443 and 444: PECTINIDAE 361 row, elongate chondr
Page 445 and 446: PECTINIDAE 363 Pecten tereinus Dall
Page 447 and 448: PECTINIDAE 365 secondary rib in bet
Page 449 and 450: PECTINIDAE 367 margin of the valve.
Page 451 and 452: SPONDYLIDAE 369 are attached to roc
Page 453 and 454: ANOMIIDAE 371 I to 3 inches in heig
Page 455 and 456: OSTREIDAE 37 3 similar to the Pacif
Page 457 and 458: ASTARTIDAE 375 Crassostrea virginic
Page 459 and 460: CRASSA TELLIDAE 3 7 7 adjacent and
Page 461 and 462: CARDITIDAE 379 each other, located
Page 463 and 464: ARCTICIDAE 381 shells are smooth an
Page 465 and 466: DIPLODONTIDAE 383 Superjamily LUCIN
Page 467 and 468: LUCINIDAE 385 monly with a thin, ye
Page 469 and 470: LUCINIDAE 387 thick-shelled, white,
Page 471 and 472: LUCINIDAE 389 The subspecies centri
Page 473 and 474: CHAMIDAE 391 I to I K Inches In len
Page 475 and 476: CHAMIDAE 393 of the valves. The paU
Page 477 and 478: LEPTONIDAE 395 Lasaea cistula Keen
Page 479 and 480: CARDIIDAE 397 a single specimen, is
Page 481 and 482: CARDIIDAE 399 I to 2 inches in size
Page 483: CARDIIDAE 401 Exterior orange-yello
Page 487 and 488: ^..
Page 490: Plate 36 THORNY OYSTERS a. Pacific
Page 494: Plate 38 ATLANTIC OYSTERS, LUCINAS
Page 498: Plate 40 SEMELES AND TELLINS a. Gau
Page 502 and 503: 404 American Seashells Genus Cerast
Page 504 and 505: 406 Ainerican Seashells considered
Page 506 and 507: 408 Avurican SeasheUs creamy-white
Page 508 and 509: 410 Aviericmi Seashells Genus Proto
Page 510 and 511: 412 American Seashells Genus Irus O
Page 512 and 513: 414 American SeasheUs Genus Pitar R
Page 514 and 515: 416 American Seashelh Genus Macroca
Page 516 and 517: 418 American SeasbeUs 2 to 3 inches
Page 518 and 519: 420 American Seashells close togeth
Page 520 and 521: 422 American Seashells Tellina laev
Page 522 and 523: 424 America?! Seash ells Tellina pr
Page 524 and 525: 426 American Seashells Subgenus Moe
Page 526 and 527: 428 American Seashells ous evenly s
Page 528 and 529: 430 American Seashells Compare with
Page 530 and 531: 432 Afnerican Seashelh /4 to % inch
Page 532 and 533: 434 Anicriatn Seashells Aiacoma inc
Page 534 and 535:
436 A?rierican Seashells 2 to 3 inc
Page 536 and 537:
438 Avierican Seashells smooth, eve
Page 538 and 539:
440 American Seash ells 2 inches in
Page 540 and 541:
442 Av]erican Seasbells 2 to 4 inch
Page 542 and 543:
444 American Seash ells Genus Solen
Page 544 and 545:
446 American Seashells Up to I % in
Page 546 and 547:
448 American SeasheUs Spisula planu
Page 548 and 549:
450 American Seashells Genus Schizo
Page 550 and 551:
452 American Seashells Genus Ervili
Page 552 and 553:
454 American Seashells fined radial
Page 554 and 555:
456 American Seashells Sphenia ovoi
Page 556 and 557:
458 Ajnerican Seashells of dark-bro
Page 558 and 559:
460 American Seash ells in soft cor
Page 560 and 561:
462 American Seash ells 2 to 2^4 in
Page 562 and 563:
464 Ay/ierican Seasbelh common. Joh
Page 564 and 565:
466 Aviencan SeasheUs Pallets and s
Page 566 and 567:
468 Afiierican Seashells Shell simi
Page 568 and 569:
470 American Seash ells compressed.
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472 American Seashells Thracia curt
Page 572 and 573:
474 American Seash ells Feriploma l
Page 574 and 575:
476 American Seasbells Cuspidaria r
Page 576 and 577:
CHAPTER XI Squid, Octopus and Cuttl
Page 578 and 579:
480 American Seashells Subgenus Sem
Page 580 and 581:
482 American Seashells Total length
Page 582 and 583:
484 American Seash ells Total lengt
Page 584 and 585:
486 Ajnerican Seashelh belong to cl
Page 586 and 587:
488 Avierican Seashells Pompano Bea
Page 588 and 589:
CHAPTER XII Guide to the Molluscan
Page 590 and 591:
492 American Seash ells Verrill, a.
Page 592 and 593:
494 America}! Seash ells CHAPTER II
Page 594 and 595:
496 A?7ierican Seasbells CHAPTER II
Page 596 and 597:
498 American Seashells CHAPTER IV
Page 598 and 599:
500 Ainerican Seashells Greenlmid,
Page 600 and 601:
502 American Seashells Mass Mortali
Page 602 and 603:
504 American Seashells Molluscan Fa
Page 604 and 605:
506 Baby's Ear (Sinum), 190, pi. 22
Page 606 and 607:
508 Costate Wentletrap, 162 Cowrie-
Page 608 and 609:
510 Index Hectocotylus arm, 50 Heli
Page 610 and 611:
512 Orange-tipped Eolis, 308, pi. 1
Page 612 and 613:
514 Smooth Giant Cockle, see Giant
Page 615 and 616:
abbreviata, Coralliophila, 219 abbr
Page 617 and 618:
Architectonica, 142 gramilat-a, 143
Page 619 and 620:
californicus, Ensis, 443 californie
Page 621 and 622:
Compsomyax subdiaphana, 411, pi. 3i
Page 623 and 624:
Discodoris heathi, 300, pi. i6-i di
Page 625 and 626:
gibbus, Aequipecten, 368, pi. 33) g
Page 627 and 628:
Kelliidae, 394 kelseyi, Cingula, 13
Page 629 and 630:
ebumeola, 254 haematita, 254, fig.
Page 631 and 632:
conceptionis, 336 curmlosa, 337 fos
Page 633 and 634:
I Phycriderma, 383 Phylloda squamif
Page 635 and 636:
otella, Microgaza, in, fig. 32d, e
Page 637 and 638:
sulcata, Limopsis, 347, pi. iji sul
Page 639:
Tutufa, 198 typica, Rupellaria, 420
Page 647:
I inch (English) 1 pouce (French) I
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