Williams-Climate-change-refugia-for-terrestrial-biodiversity_0

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Group Short name Name Units Source citation Grids Climate PTS2 Topoclimate Topoclimate Topoclimate Topoclimate Topoclimate Topoclimate Topoclimate Topoclimate Topoclimate Topoclimate Topoclimate EPI EPX EAA EAAS EAAnn RAI RAX RSI RSX RHI RHX Precipitation - equinox seasonality composite factor ratio Potential (pan) Evaporation - monthly minimum Potential (pan) Evaporation - monthly maximum Annual total actual evapotranspiration terrain scaled using MODIS Annual total actual evapotranspiration modelled using terrain-scaled water holding capacity Annual total actual evapotranspiration modelled using terrain-scaled water holding capacity adjusted for negative values Solar radiation (rainfallcloudiness modified) - monthly minimum Solar radiation (rainfallcloudiness modified) - monthly maximum Short-wave solar radiation - monthly minimum (cloud influenced) Short-wave solar radiation - monthly maximum (cloud influenced) Relative Humidity - monthly minimum Relative Humidity - monthly maximum 166 Climate change refugia for terrestrial biodiversity Ratio mm mm Mm et al. (2012) Xu and Hutchinson (2011), Williams et al. (2012) Xu and Hutchinson (2011), Wilson and Gallant (2000) Xu and Hutchinson (2011), Wilson and Gallant (2000) Guerschman et al. (2009) 9sec 3sec 3sec 9sec Mm Appendix 5 9sec mm Appendix 5 9sec MJ/m 2 /day MJ/m 2 /day MJ/m 2 /day MJ/m 2 /day % % Xu and Hutchinson (2011), Wilson and Gallant (2000) Xu and Hutchinson (2011), Wilson and Gallant (2000) Wilson and Gallant (2000) Wilson and Gallant (2000) Xu and Hutchinson (2011), Wilson and Gallant (2000) Xu and Hutchinson (2011), Wilson 3sec 3sec 9sec 1sec 9sec 1sec 3sec 3sec
Group Short name Name Units Source citation Grids Regolith MAG Magnetic anomalies Regolith GRAV Bouger gravity anomalies Gal Regolith DOSE PCTK PPMTH PPMU RATIO_TK RATIO_U2T RATIO_UK RATIO_UT TOTALDOSE Various radiometric indices nanoTesla, nT ppm radiation and Gallant (2000) Milligan (2010) Geoscience Australia (2009) (Geoscience Australia, 2010, Minty et al., 2009) Regolith WII Weathering intensity index Index Wilford (2012) Regolith BD30 Regolith CLAY30 Regolith PAWC1M soils - bulk density in top 30cm from ASRIS best composite mapping soils - clay fraction in top 30cm from ASRIS best composite mapping soils - plant available water holding capacity 0-1m from ASRIS best composite mapping Regolith HSTRUCT Hydrological scoring of pedality Index Regolith COARSE Regolith KSAT Soils dominated by coarse fragments Solum average median horizon saturated hydraulic Conductivity Mg/m 3 Jacquier (2011b) % Jacquier (2011c) mm Jacquier (2011a) % mm/h Regolith CALCRETE Calcrete in or below soil profile Presence Regolith GEOLMGE Mean geological age Millions of years BP (Bureau of Rural Sciences, 2000, McKenzie et al., 2000, Onweremadu et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2012) (Bureau of Rural Sciences, 2000, McKenzie et al., 2000) (Bureau of Rural Sciences, 2000, McKenzie et al., 2000) (Bureau of Rural Sciences, 2000, McKenzie et al., 2000) (Laurie et al., 2008, Raymond, 2009, Williams et Climate change refugia for terrestrial biodiversity 167 9sec 3sec 1sec 9sec 3sec 1sec 1sec 9sec 3sec 1sec 9sec 3sec 1sec 9sec 3sec 1sec 9sec 3sec 1sec 9sec 9sec 9sec 9sec 9sec
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Climate change refugia for terrestr
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Published by the National Climate C
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3.4.4 Future: current-2085 ........
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APPENDIX 3. Species distribution mo
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Figure 29: A detailed view of the p
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x Climate change refugia for terres
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Climate change is
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we will be in a better position to
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1.2.2 Case study 2: Pleistocene sta
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efugia meeting this latter criterio
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2.7 Conclusions Natural systems are
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highest RCP reported in the SRES (A
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3.3.4 Species data The study genera
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AUC score is negatively correlated
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Finally, we assess climate change t
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Territory, the Great Australian Big
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Figure 5: The 10 th percentile of l
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Figure 8: The absolute predicted ch
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3.4.5 Distance measures At a given
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the continent, the required movemen
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Figure 16: An example of a species
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Figure 18: Species richness for eac
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Figure 20: The number of immigrants
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Figure 22 (cont.): The ‘Immigrant
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Figure 24 (cont.): The immigrants a
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Figure 26 (cont.): The areas with t
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3.4.7.6 Areas of stability Understa
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including the Nullarbor Regional Re
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Table 2: The different classes of r
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most of the continent by 2085 that
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3.7 Gaps and future research The ne
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individual species) will respond to
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4.3.2 Topographically adjusted clim
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Tmax adj 0.5° GCM change grids (19
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Table 1: Biological groups compiled
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Invoking space-for-time substitutio
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expected to be considerably less ex
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is, the refugial analysis itself, f
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Figure 40: Refugial potential based
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Figure 43: Enlarged portion (Kimber
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Figure 46: Enlarged portion (Sydney
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Figure 48: Inclusion of areas of hi
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Figure 51: Refugial potential in th
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4.6 Gaps and future research The GD
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5.3 Research activities and methods
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time periods to a distance calculat
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proportion of this suitability foun
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(a) Figure 54: Stability of the cli
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Figure 55: Climate and habitat suit
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Mountains in Queensland, the Eungel
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Figure 58: Areas of endemism in the
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Northern Tablellands Figure 60: Gla
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5.6 Discussion 5.6.1 Endemism in re
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(back to 120 kya compared to LGM in
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Within each sub-region, potential e
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Table 9: Greenspot statistics for o
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drought micro-refuges, then targete
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The iterative recalculation of all
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Figure 64: Zonation conservation pr
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7.6 Gaps and future research The co
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Figure 66: The refugia areas result
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8.1.3 Overall lessons from the diff
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9. GAPS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTI
Page 128 and 129: REFERENCES Ackerly, D. D., S. R. Lo
Page 130 and 131: Couper, P. J., B. Hamley, and C. J.
Page 132 and 133: Winton, A. T. Wittenberg, F. Zeng,
Page 134 and 135: A. Utteridge, J. E. Watkins, R. Wil
Page 136 and 137: R Development Core Team. 2011. R: A
Page 138 and 139: Tingley, M. W., W. B. Monahan, S. R
Page 140 and 141: APPENDIX 1. CLIMATE SCENARIOS AND B
Page 142 and 143: Table A1-4: Eighteen Global Climate
Page 144 and 145: Table A1-5: Thirty-year climate cov
Page 146 and 147: Figure A2-68. Change in temperature
Page 148 and 149: Figure A2-70. Proportionate change
Page 150 and 151: Figure A2-72. The distance an organ
Page 152 and 153: Figure A2-74. The areas for which t
Page 154 and 155: APPENDIX 3. SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MO
Page 156 and 157: APPENDIX 4. PROJECTED SPECIES RICHN
Page 158 and 159: Figure A4-2. The species richness s
Page 160 and 161: Table of contents ABSTRACT ........
Page 162 and 163: INTRODUCTION Terrain modifies local
Page 164 and 165: RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND METHODS Dat
Page 166 and 167: Land Cover The Geosciences Australi
Page 168 and 169: Figure A5-4: Terrain adjusted model
Page 170 and 171: RESULTS AND OUTPUTS Figures 8 and 9
Page 172 and 173: Figure A5-10 Channel Country (SW Qu
Page 174 and 175: REFERENCES ANU Fenner School of Env
Page 176 and 177: APPENDIX 6. ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES
Page 180 and 181: Group Short name Name Units Source
Page 182 and 183: Data Citations Bureau of Rural Scie
Page 184 and 185: APPENDIX 7. COMPOSITIONAL TURNOVER
Page 186 and 187: Table A7-9. Vascular plant data app
Page 188 and 189: to support in house applications an
Page 190 and 191: Table A7-10. Summary of GDM model f
Page 192 and 193: Variable Group Predictor variable a
Page 194 and 195: a) c) Figure A7-78. Continental Aus
Page 208 and 209: Table A7-15. Overall relative impor
Page 210 and 211: a) c) Figure A7-92. Eastern Austral
Page 212 and 213: Table A7-18. Overall relative impor
Page 214 and 215: a) c) Figure A7-94. Tingle Mosaic s
Page 216 and 217: References Allen R, Pereira L, Raes
Page 218 and 219: APPENDIX 8. PLEISTOCENE STABILITY A
Page 220 and 221: Figure A8-3. Rainforest in the Aust
Page 222 and 223: Canis lupus dingo CANLUPU MAMM Cani
Page 224 and 225: Lampropholis mirabilis LAMMIRA REPT
Page 226 and 227: Stegonotus cucullatus STECUCU REPT
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Figure A10-1. Spatial patterns of v
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