Tellurite And Fluorotellurite Glasses For Active And Passive

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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 337 Table (8.3): Fibre drawing parameters for glasses melted in this study (all from cast unstructured preforms of diameter 10 mm), Tnd = neck down temperature, Tss = steady state draw temperature, and df = fibre diameter. Preform ID MOD010 _i MOF004_ iv MOF005_ ii MOF005_ iii MOF005_ iv MOF005_ v MOF005_ vi MOF005_ vii MOF005_ viii MOF005_ ix MOF005_ x Gas Rate / ml / min. Tnd / °C Tss / °C Air 300 350 284 N2 50 285 285 N2 50 290 275 N2 50 290 280 df / µm 100 +50 150 +50 150 +50 150 +50 Preform feed in / mm/min. Draw speed / m/min. Surface quality 3 Crystals4 Comments 4 20 P N - ″ ″ ″ Y Better with air ″ ″ ″ ″ - ″ ″ ″ ″ Air 300 270 285 100 ″ ″ ″ N Air / N2 Air / N2 Air / N2 Air / N2 Air / N2 Air / N2 15 / 30 295 290 5 / 15 310 290 15 / 30 315 305 5 / 10 310 290- 295 5 / 10 300 277 5 / 5 305 276 85 +35 150 +5 150 +5 150 +10 180 +20 160 +20 ″ ″ G ″ 2 5-10 ″ ″ ″ ″ ″ ″ ″ 8 ″ ″ ″ 6 ″ ″ ″ 5 ″ ″ This table demonstrates that gas quality (i.e. amount of moisture) during drawing was significant for producing pristine, stronger fibres. The preforms were unstructured in this initial study which eliminated losses from core / cladding boundary imperfections, but losses may have been incurred at the glass / air interface. From table (8.2) and (8.3) it can be seen, for fluorotellurite preforms, using fluorinated ZnF2, melted in Au crucibles, cast in brass moulds, drawn with a dry air/N2 atmosphere generally resulted in good quality fibre. Fig. (8.3) shows fluorotellurite optical fibre preforms (a) before, and (b) after fibre drawing. 3 P = poor, G = good 4 N = no, Y = yes - Passed gas mixture through a liquid nitrogen dewar to remove water
8. Fibre drawing; MDO 338 (a) (b) Fig. (8.3): <strong>Fluorotellurite</strong> glass preforms (a) before, and (b) after fibre drawing, with nonadhesive white tape to protect glass surface from damage from grip of metal clamp. 8.1.4. Optical loss measurements – cut-back method Fibre optical loss measurements were performed using, the FTIR set-up described in section 6.1.1, and the cut-back method. The loss over a length of fibre (typically 1 m) was measured. The fibre was then cut-back a number of times (e.g. in 20 cm segments) and the loss measured each time. A number of spectra were then obtained, and an average taken. A defect at one point in the fibre would result in high loss over a 1 m length. Therefore, if this section of the fibre was cut-back, the loss of the remaining defect free glass was measured. This method also can allow the characterisation of defects, in combination with microscopy. Light was brought out of the spectrometer from a tungsten lamp and focused into the fibre using a parabolic aluminium mirror. The InSb detector was cooled with liquid nitrogen.
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TELLURITE AND FLUOROTELLURITE GLASS
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Abstract Glasses systems based on T
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Contents; MDO i Contents Contents i
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Contents; MDO iii 6.1.2.1. Method a
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Glossary; MDO Glossary aM = partial
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Glossary; MDO λ = wavelength λn =
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Glossary; MDO Ψ = complex dielectr
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1. Introduction; MDO 2 communicatio
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1. Introduction; MDO 4 Infrared tra
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1. Introduction; MDO 6 1.4. Thesis
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1. Introduction; MDO 8 [14] J. E. S
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2. Literature review; MDO 10 one of
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2. Literature review; MDO 12 superc
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2. Literature review; MDO 14 2.2.2.
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2. Literature review; MDO 16 phenom
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2. Literature review; MDO 18 tenden
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2. Literature review; MDO 20 crysta
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2. Literature review; MDO 22 the Za
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2. Literature review; MDO 26 Champa
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2. Literature review; MDO 28 the ad
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2. Literature review; MDO 30 (a) (b
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2. Literature review; MDO 32 showed
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2. Literature review; MDO 34 absorp
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2. Literature review; MDO 36 sharp
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2. Literature review; MDO 38 near f
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2. Literature review; MDO 40 where
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2. Literature review; MDO 42 Transm
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2. Literature review; MDO 44 origin
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2. Literature review; MDO 46 4 α =
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2. Literature review; MDO 48 Bragli
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2. Literature review; MDO 50 It can
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2. Literature review; MDO 52 and su
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2. Literature review; MDO 54 be bro
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2. Literature review; MDO 58 Table
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2. Literature review; MDO 62 [20] J
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2. Literature review; MDO 64 [47] S
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3. Glass batching and melting; MDO
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4. Thermal properties and glass sta
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5. Crystallisation studies; MDO 134
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6. Optical properties; MDO 166 75-5
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6. Optical properties; MDO 168 Fig.
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6. Optical properties; MDO 170 In r
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6. Optical properties; MDO 172 wher
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6. Optical properties; MDO 176 Abso
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6. Optical properties; MDO 178 ener
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6. Optical properties; MDO 180 6.1.
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6. Optical properties; MDO 182 ( n
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6. Optical properties; MDO 186 %),
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6. Optical properties; MDO 188 Tabl
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Percentage (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
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6. Optical properties; MDO 204 Loss
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6. Optical properties; MDO 208 Tabl
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6. Optical properties; MDO 214 Loss
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Refractive index, n , at 632.8 nm 6
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6. Optical properties; MDO 228 tell
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6. Optical properties; MDO 230 mole
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6. Optical properties; MDO 232 occu
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6. Optical properties; MDO 234 The
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6. Optical properties; MDO 236 addi
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6. Optical properties; MDO 238 an o
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6. Optical properties; MDO 240 30 m
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6. Optical properties; MDO 244 zinc
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6. Optical properties; MDO 246 [4]
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6. Optical properties; MDO 248 [32]
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7. Surface properties; MDO 250 7.1.
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7. Surface properties; MDO 252 For
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7. Surface properties; MDO 254 can
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7. Surface properties; MDO 256 wher
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7. Surface properties; MDO 258 etch
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7. Surface properties; MDO 260 Elem
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7. Surface properties; MDO 262 All
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7. Surface properties; MDO 264 beco
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7. Surface properties; MDO 266 prov
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7. Surface properties; MDO 268 cont
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7. Surface properties; MDO 270 LaB6
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7. Surface properties; MDO 272 7.2.
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7. Surface properties; MDO 274 Tabl
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7. Surface properties; MDO 276 This
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7. Surface properties; MDO 278 It c
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7. Surface properties; MDO 280 Fig.
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7. Surface properties; MDO 282 CPS
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7. Surface properties; MDO 284 Fig.
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9. Conclusions; MDO 388 • The Ag
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9. Conclusions; MDO 390 • Increas
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9. Conclusions; MDO 392 [5] I. Shal
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10. Future work; MDO 394 Fig. (10.1
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Temperature / o C 10. Future work;
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Tellurite And Fluorotellurite Glasses For Active And Passive

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