Tellurite And Fluorotellurite Glasses For Active And Passive

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Contents; MDO iv 7.4. Summary 326 7.5. References 327 8. Fibre drawing 330 8.1. Experimental 330 8.1.1. Thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) 330 8.1.2. Preform manufacture 332 8.1.3. Fibre drawing 335 8.1.4. Optical loss measurements – cut-back method 338 8.2. Results 339 8.2.1. Viscosity (TMA) 339 8.2.3. Crystals in drawn fibre 341 8.2.4. Optical loss of fluorotellurite fibre 352 8.3. Discussion 353 8.3.1. Stress in a proposed core / clad pair 353 8.3.2. Viscosity (TMA) 355 8.3.3. ESEM of crystallised fibre 360 8.3.4. Optical loss of fluorotellurite fibre 367 8.4. Summary 371 8.5. References 372 9. Conclusions 375 9.1. Thermal properties and glass stability (Chapter 4) 375 9.2. Crystallisation studies (Chapter 5) 377 9.3. Optical properties (Chapter 6) 380 9.4. Surface properties (Chapter 6) 384 9.5. Fibre drawing (Chapter 7) 388 9.6. Overall conclusions and recommendations 390 9.7. References 391 10. Future work 393 10.1. References 397
Glossary; MDO Glossary aM = partial refractivity of component MmOn A = materials constant (viscosity and optical loss) [A] = concentration of acid / alkali species A in solution AES = Auger electron spectroscopy α = absorption coefficient B = materials constant (viscosity) BE = binding energy BO = bridging oxygen BSE = Backscattered electron β = isothermal compressibility c = velocity of light in a vacuum (2.998×10 8 m.s -1 ) C = materials constant (viscosity and optical loss) CCD = charge coupled device CG = Cohen-Grest (viscosity model) CN = coordination number C0 = current of electron beam leaving tungsten filament in SEM C1 = current of electron beam striking sample surface in SEM Cp = molar heat capacity at constant temperature cps = counts per second CRT = cathode ray tube χn = n th order non-linear susceptibility d = atomic plane d-spacing used in XRD df = optical fibre diameter dn = nearest neighbour bond length D = diffusion coefficient D = dissociation energy of a molecule e DOF = depth of field in SEM DSC = differential scanning calorimetry DTA = differential thermal analysis DTGS = deuterated triglycine sulphate δ = phase difference ∆ = related to phase of reflected light in ellipsometry calculation e = charge of electron (1.602×10 -19 C) E = energy E = electromagnetic field strength E0 = ground energy state of molecule Ea = activation energy EB = binding energy of an electron Ed = depth of potential well EDFA = erbium doped fibre amplifier EDX = energy dispersive X-ray (analysis) Eg = electronic band gap energy Ekin = kinetic energy of an ejected electron EM = electromagnetic EMI = electromagnetic interference Ep = potential energy erf = error function erfc = complimentary error function Es = Sellmeir gap energy v
Page 1 and 2: TELLURITE AND FLUOROTELLURITE GLASS
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Glasses systems based on T
Page 5 and 6: Contents; MDO i Contents Contents i
Page 7: Contents; MDO iii 6.1.2.1. Method a
Page 11 and 12: Glossary; MDO λ = wavelength λn =
Page 13 and 14: Glossary; MDO Ψ = complex dielectr
Page 15 and 16: 1. Introduction; MDO 2 communicatio
Page 17 and 18: 1. Introduction; MDO 4 Infrared tra
Page 19 and 20: 1. Introduction; MDO 6 1.4. Thesis
Page 21 and 22: 1. Introduction; MDO 8 [14] J. E. S
Page 23 and 24: 2. Literature review; MDO 10 one of
Page 25 and 26: 2. Literature review; MDO 12 superc
Page 27 and 28: 2. Literature review; MDO 14 2.2.2.
Page 29 and 30: 2. Literature review; MDO 16 phenom
Page 31 and 32: 2. Literature review; MDO 18 tenden
Page 33 and 34: 2. Literature review; MDO 20 crysta
Page 35 and 36: 2. Literature review; MDO 22 the Za
Page 37 and 38: 2. Literature review; MDO 24 2.3.2.
Page 39 and 40: 2. Literature review; MDO 26 Champa
Page 41 and 42: 2. Literature review; MDO 28 the ad
Page 43 and 44: 2. Literature review; MDO 30 (a) (b
Page 45 and 46: 2. Literature review; MDO 32 showed
Page 47 and 48: 2. Literature review; MDO 34 absorp
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2. Literature review; MDO 46 4 α =
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2. Literature review; MDO 48 Bragli
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2. Literature review; MDO 50 It can
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2. Literature review; MDO 52 and su
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2. Literature review; MDO 54 be bro
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2. Literature review; MDO 56 2.5.2.
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2. Literature review; MDO 58 Table
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2. Literature review; MDO 60 2.5.2.
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2. Literature review; MDO 62 [20] J
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2. Literature review; MDO 64 [47] S
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3. Glass batching and melting; MDO
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4. Thermal properties and glass sta
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5. Crystallisation studies; MDO 134
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6. Optical properties; MDO 166 75-5
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6. Optical properties; MDO 168 Fig.
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6. Optical properties; MDO 170 In r
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6. Optical properties; MDO 172 wher
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6. Optical properties; MDO 176 Abso
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6. Optical properties; MDO 178 ener
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6. Optical properties; MDO 180 6.1.
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6. Optical properties; MDO 182 ( n
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6. Optical properties; MDO 186 %),
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6. Optical properties; MDO 188 Tabl
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Percentage (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
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6. Optical properties; MDO 204 Loss
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6. Optical properties; MDO 208 Tabl
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6. Optical properties; MDO 214 Loss
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Refractive index, n , at 632.8 nm 6
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6. Optical properties; MDO 228 tell
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6. Optical properties; MDO 230 mole
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6. Optical properties; MDO 232 occu
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6. Optical properties; MDO 234 The
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6. Optical properties; MDO 236 addi
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6. Optical properties; MDO 238 an o
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6. Optical properties; MDO 240 30 m
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6. Optical properties; MDO 244 zinc
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6. Optical properties; MDO 246 [4]
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6. Optical properties; MDO 248 [32]
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7. Surface properties; MDO 250 7.1.
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7. Surface properties; MDO 252 For
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7. Surface properties; MDO 254 can
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7. Surface properties; MDO 256 wher
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7. Surface properties; MDO 258 etch
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7. Surface properties; MDO 260 Elem
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7. Surface properties; MDO 262 All
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7. Surface properties; MDO 264 beco
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7. Surface properties; MDO 266 prov
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7. Surface properties; MDO 268 cont
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7. Surface properties; MDO 270 LaB6
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7. Surface properties; MDO 272 7.2.
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7. Surface properties; MDO 274 Tabl
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7. Surface properties; MDO 276 This
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7. Surface properties; MDO 278 It c
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7. Surface properties; MDO 280 Fig.
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7. Surface properties; MDO 282 CPS
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7. Surface properties; MDO 288 samp
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7. Surface properties; MDO 290 20
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7. Surface properties; MDO 294 Wt.
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7. Surface properties; MDO 296 It c
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7. Surface properties; MDO 300 The
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7. Surface properties; MDO 302 Wt.
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7. Surface properties; MDO 304 All
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7. Surface properties; MDO 306 The
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[Zn(OH,F)F] / mol. % 7. Surface pro
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7. Surface properties; MDO 310 bind
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7. Surface properties; MDO 312 ZnF2
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7. Surface properties; MDO 314 clea
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7. Surface properties; MDO 316 have
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7. Surface properties; MDO 320 quan
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7. Surface properties; MDO 322 ∫
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7. Surface properties; MDO 324 This
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7. Surface properties; MDO 326 Ther
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7. Surface properties; MDO 328 [2]
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 330 8. Fibre
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 332 The data
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 334 Table (8.
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Preform 8. Fibre drawing; MDO 336 S
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 338 (a) (b) F
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 340 Log10(η)
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 342 sectioned
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 344 Fig. (8.9
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 350 Crystals
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 352 8.2.4. Op
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 354 Table (8.
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 356 confirmed
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 358 Log10(η)
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 360 It can be
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 362 undercool
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 364 1. 2. 3.
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 366 cross-sha
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 368 A small n
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 370 particles
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 372 8.5. Refe
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8. Fibre drawing; MDO 374 [25] D. M
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9. Conclusions; MDO 376 optical bas
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9. Conclusions; MDO 378 • The as-
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9. Conclusions; MDO 380 9.3. Optica
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9. Conclusions; MDO 382 • For fib
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9. Conclusions; MDO 384 edge across
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9. Conclusions; MDO 386 • For gla
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9. Conclusions; MDO 388 • The Ag
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9. Conclusions; MDO 390 • Increas
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9. Conclusions; MDO 392 [5] I. Shal
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10. Future work; MDO 394 Fig. (10.1
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Temperature / o C 10. Future work;
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Tellurite And Fluorotellurite Glasses For Active And Passive

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