Self-Assembly of Synthetic and Biological Polymeric Systems of ...

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Figure 2.30. Scheme of an ICP-AES. 2.11.4.-Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) SQUID is a sensitive device for measuring magnetic fields. SQUID magnetometers are used to characterize materials when the highest detection sensitivity over a broad temperatures range and application of magnetic fields up to several Tesla is needed. The main application of this instrument is the study of magnetic properties of materials by measuring the induced or remnant magnetic moment, usually as a function of applied magnetic field and temperature. A SQUID magnetometer combines several superconducting components, including the proper SQUID device, a superconducting magnet, detection coils, a flux transformer and superconducting shields. To make a measurement, a sample is first attached to a sample rod. The sample is then scanned through the center of a first-order or second-order superconducting gradiometer. The gradiometers form a closed flux transformer that is coupled to a SQUID. The shape and magnitude of the response curve can be then analyzed using a computer to obtain a corresponding magnetic moment (57). Figure 2.31. Scheme of a SQUID magnetometer (57). 78
In particular, we use SQUID to measure the magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles and hybrids. In this regard, magnetic nanoparticles show a wide variety of unusual magnetic properties as compared to the respective bulk materials. In a paramagnetic material, the thermal energy overcomes the coupling forces between neighbouring atoms above the Curie temperature, causing random fluctuations in the magnetization directions that result in a null overall magnetic moment. However, in superparamagnetic materials the fluctuations affect the direction of individual entire crystallites. The magnetic moments of individual crystallites compensate each other and the overall magnetic moment becomes null. When an external magnetic field is applied, the behaviour is similar to paramagnetic materials except that, instead of each individual atom being independently influenced by an external magnetic field, the magnetic moment of entire crystallites aligns with the magnetic field (Figure 2.32) (58)(59). For magnetic nanoparticles, superparamagnetism occurs in magnetic materials composed of very small crystallites (the threshold size depends on the nature of the material, i.e. Fe-based materials becomes superparamagnetic at sizes
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Grupo de Física de Coloides y Pol
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Agradecimientos A mi Familia A mi P
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v List of papers I. Self-assembly p
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2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.
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5.4 5.5 5.3.2 5.5.1 Chapter 6 Kinet
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amiloides de la proteína albúmina
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vesiculares son el resultado de la
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origina debido a condiciones ambien
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con las fibras vecinas más cercana
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Abstract In the present work, we in
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[Au]/[protein] molar ratio and numb
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synthetic polymers are obtained fro
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On the other hand, in terms of chem
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Additionally, to obtain a better kn
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therefore, characteristic of solid
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presence of electrostatic charge in
Page 41 and 42: Contents 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.
Page 43 and 44: where w is the meniscus’ weight d
Page 45 and 46: that they exert little force one on
Page 47 and 48: This oscillating dipole acts as an
Page 49 and 50: (APD) and its associated optics (pi
Page 51 and 52: where r is the distance of the dipo
Page 53 and 54: When , the former equation can be s
Page 55 and 56: autocorrelation function (ACF). In
Page 57 and 58: and, therefore, . The autocorrelati
Page 59 and 60: A transmission electron microscope
Page 61 and 62: 2.5.- Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
Page 63 and 64: ecause of the energy loss in the ex
Page 65 and 66: Figure 2.15. Schematic representati
Page 67 and 68: ackbone of proteins. Since proteins
Page 69 and 70: According to classical mechanics, t
Page 71 and 72: chemical composition, configuration
Page 73 and 74: 2.9.1.- Viscoelasticity Many materi
Page 75 and 76: where is the total strain rate, whi
Page 77 and 78: Using equations 2.40 and 2.41 in eq
Page 79 and 80: scattering process that incoming X-
Page 81 and 82: maximum intensity of the peak, Imax
Page 83 and 84: translation of the reciprocal latti
Page 85 and 86: For a single crystal, the chance to
Page 87 and 88: excitation; namely, a valance elect
Page 89 and 90: Figure 2.27. Distinction between si
Page 91: microscope, there are two polarized
Page 95 and 96: are aligned by means of an external
Page 97 and 98: on the digital profile of a drop im
Page 99 and 100: Laser confocal microscopy. Confocal
Page 101 and 102: Fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluoresc
Page 103: Superconducting quantum interferenc
Page 106 and 107: temperatures, the chains are mixed
Page 108 and 109: e detected by a given method. Therm
Page 110 and 111: subsequently, of their thermodynami
Page 112 and 113: a) O b) H 2C CH 2 O H 2C CH Figure
Page 115: Contents 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 CHAPTER
Page 118 and 119: 7108 Langmuir, Vol. 24, No. 14, 200
Page 128 and 129: 15704 J. Phys. Chem. C, Vol. 114, N
Page 138 and 139: 4.3.1.- Relevant aspects I. For E12
Page 141 and 142: Contents 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.1.1
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acids whose lateral side chains cha
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adjacent segments of an antiparalle
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5.2.1.- Unfolded state Over the las
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5.2.4.- Energy landscape: protein a
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molecular medicine viewpoint, prote
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shows the typical nucleation-depend
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the energy landscape of the aggrega
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exposed loop region. The secondary
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Biophysical Journal Volume 96 March
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Fibrillation Pathway of HSA 2355 q
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Fibrillation Pathway of HSA 2357 mo
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Fibrillation Pathway of HSA 2359 in
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Fibrillation Pathway of HSA 2361 Fu
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Fibrillation Pathway of HSA 2363 FI
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Fibrillation Pathway of HSA 2365 Wh
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Fibrillation Pathway of HSA 2367 of
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Fibrillation Pathway of HSA 2369 17
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Influence of Electrostatic Interact
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Fibrillation Process of Human Serum
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12392 J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 113, N
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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Soft Matt
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5 10 15 20 25 r h,app = kT/(6πηD
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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 below,
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5 10 15 20 25 30 55 Figure 3: Selec
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10 15 Soft Matter Cite this: DOI: 1
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5 10 15 Soft Matter Cite this: DOI:
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5 65. L. A. Sikkink, M. Ramirez-Alv
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ions would interact electrostatical
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pubs.acs.org/JPCL Figure 3. (a) Tim
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(54) Almeida, N. L.; Oliveira, C. L
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netospirillum magneticum strain AMB
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One-Dimensional Magnetic Nanowires
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temperatures, and solvent polarity.
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Conclusions The work has two parts:
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equire a highly organized and unsta
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References 1. Hiemenz, Paul C. Poly
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33. Wang, Z. L. HANDBOOK OF MICROSC
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67. Polymers Get Organized. Bucknal
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94. Are there Pathways for Protein
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123. Designing conditions for in vi
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151. SERS-based diagnosis and biode
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