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Table 6. RFID Applications—Operational Requirements and Technology Choice
Applications Minimum Requirements Choice of RFID
Case
Case Type
Read distance
Read rate
Toll tag CIV Med Very
High
Real-time location
Process security
Information
richness
Single or multi
access to
information
Livestock tag CIV Short Low No Low Multi Low
Medium of concern
(transmission
hurdle)
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Network Type
Tag Type
No Low Single Low none Closed Passive MW
Plastic,
flesh,
mud and
snow
Open Passive LF
Railcar tag CIV Med High No Low Multi Low none Open Passive UHF
Soldier dog tag MIL Short Low No High Single Med
Standardized
supply-chain tag
Plastics,
fabrics
and fluids
Frequency
Closed Passive HF
MIL Med High No Med Multi Low none Open Passive UHF
Smart tire CIV Short Low No Low Single Med Rubber Closed Semipassive
LF
Refrigerated
trailer tag
CIV Med High No Low Multi Med none Open
Semipassive
MW
Night-vision
goggles
MIL Med Very
No
High
High Single Med none
Semi-
Closed
passive MW
Food ration (MRE)
MIL
tag
Med High No Low Multi Med none Open
Semipassive
MW
Vehicle tag CIV Long Very
Yes Low
High
Single Low Glass Closed Active MW
Smart and Secure
CIV
Tradelanes (SST)
Long High No High Multi High none Open Active UHF
Job shop tag MIL Long Very
Yes Low
High
Single Low none Closed Active MW
Total Asset
Visibility (TAV)
MIL Long High No High Multi High none Open Active UHF
The purpose of developing Table 4, as mentioned earlier, was to develop a better
understanding of how RFID technology is being chosen in practice. Hence, the minimum
requirements lead to the choice of technology configuration discussed below.
For many applications, read distance is a critical variable in the choice of RFID. For
instance, supply-chain applications often need to read all materials as they cross the dock
gate, which means read distances must be sufficient to cover the area of the gate (usually
around 12 feet). In other applications, read distance is less important than other factors.
For instance, subdermal implants are frequently used in animal tagging, but these only need