1st Joint ESMAC-GCMAS Meeting - Análise de Marcha

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similarity measure while a volume penalty term discourages improbable or impossible deformations. In a final step, the positions of the patient’s muscle origins in the respective image volume are retrieved after applying the resulting 3D deformation field to the original atlas coordinates. Results The muscle attachments of 8 major hip muscles were manually identified in T1 weighted MR images from a 23 year old, non-pathologic male subject. These were compared to the locations identified using the atlas-based non-rigid registration. Absolute distances between the automatically detected muscle origins and their manually defined positions were calculated [table 1]. In addition, the muscle paths were further delineated to quantify the difference between both approaches for the calculation of moment arm lengths at the hip in adduction, flexion, and rotation [table 1]. The centre of the hip joint was automatically detected by fitting a sphere to the segmented femoral head using the ICP algorithm [7]. Table 1: Comparison between manual and automatic detection of muscle origins. Absolute distance between Difference in moment arm length with automatically and manually respect to the hip joint (mm) defined muscle origin (mm) Adduction Rotation Flexion Adductor longus 31.1 24.7 0.2 0.2 Adductor brevis 15.9 11.1 0.7 3.4 Rectus femoris 5.9 4.5 1.21 1.0 Gracilis 4.4 3.9 0.9 1.2 Semimembranosu s 1.9 0.4 0.5 2.2 Semitendinosus 4.3 3.0 1.5 5.1 Biceps femoris 10.9 0.8 0.3 0.6 Sartorius 1.8 1.4 0.1 0.7 Discussion Except for the adductor longus muscle, all origins were automatically defined with satisfying accuracy compared to previously proposed work [8]. Only limited changes in moment arms would be introduced when applying this automated method. Therefore this method would yield a good initial guess for user evaluation of the muscle attachment points when constructing subject specific musculoskeletal models. The present work focussed primarily on the muscular anatomy around the hip joint, an area of specific interest in children with CP who often present significant musculoskeletal deformations around the hip joint. Previously proposed methods for subject-specific definition of muscle attachments adapt generic muscle attachments by rescaling and deforming the bone structures [6,8]. this procedure would maximize the use of all available tissue types (fat, muscle and bone tissue) in the MRI data for personalization of generic muscle models. However, future research is needed to estimate the applicability and accuracy of atlas-based non rigid registration for identification of muscle insertion points in subjects with bony deformations at the proximal femur. References [1] Sheldon RS, (2004), J. of Biomechanics, 37, 1869–1880 [2] Duda GN, Brand D, Freitag S, Lierse W, Schneider E, (1996), J. of Biomechanics, 29(9), 1185-1190 [3] Arnold A, Salinas S, Asakawa D, Delp S, (2000), Comput. Aided Surg., 5(2), 273-281 [4] Loeckx D, Maes F, Vandermeulen D, Suetens P. (2004), MICCAI , I, 639-646 [5] Maes F, Collignon A, Vandermeulen D, Marchal G, Suetens P. (1997), Trans. Med. Imag., 16(2), 187-198 [6] Arnold A, Blemker S, Delp S, (2001), Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 29, 263–274 [7] Besl P, McKay N, (1992), Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 14, 239-256 [8] Kaptein BL, van der Helm FCT, (2003), J. of Biomechanics, 37, 263-273 - 155 -
O-44 DYNAMIC MEASUREMENT OF GASTROCNEMIUS TENDON AND BELLY LENGTH DURING HEEL-TOE AND TOE-WALKING IN NORMALLY DEVELOPING CHILDREN AND ADULTS Fry NR MEng 1 , Perrot M BSc 2 , Morrissey M PhD 2 , Shortland AP PhD 1 1 One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK 2 Department Of Physiotherapy, King’s College, London, UK Summary/ Conclusions During heel-toe walking (HTW) normally-developing (ND) adults and children use isometric contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle belly (GB) to store elastic potential energy in the external gastrocnemius tendon (GT) which is returned during pre-swing. In toe walking (TW) adults have periods of eccentric muscle contraction which is potentially harmful to the muscle. Children, probably due to the higher compliance of their tendons, maintain isometric contraction of the GB throughout TW. Introduction Recently the contributions of the GB length to the motion of the knee and ankle has been elaborated during slow walking on a treadmill 1 . Results suggest that the GB contracts isometrically or concentrically during the stance phase of gait and that changes in the length of the GT play a significant role in the total excursion of the musculo-tendinous unit (MTU). Here we use a similar technique to estimate the GB and GT length changes in free walking in adults and children adopting HTW and TW styles. Statement of clinical significance Excursion of the GT in HTW and TW protects the GB from damaging eccentric action during the loaded phases of gait, contributes to power generation at the ankle in pre-swing and reduces the motor control burden on the central nervous system. Despite the difference in tendon compliance between adults and children the contributions of the GB and GT to MTU length are similar. Methods ND adults (n=6, mean age:32 , range:22-53 years) and children (n=6, mean age:10 , range:7-12 years) were recruited to the study. The Helen Hayes marker set was applied to each subject and a 2D B-mode ultrasound probe was strapped firmly to the shank so that the gastrocnemius musculo-tendinous junction could be clearly seen in the image (see Figure 1). 4 reflective markers were attached to the probe to enable its position to be tracked in space. Each subject was asked to walk at a self selected speed with simultaneous collection of motion tracking data and movie data from the ultrasound machine. Trials were collected for each subject for HTW and TW. GT length was calculated as the distance between the musculotendinous junction and the heel marker. MTU length was calculated from the knee and ankle joint angles using the model described by Eames et al. 2 . GB length was calculated as the MTU length – GT length. Lengths were normalised to leg length and normalised length changes were plotted. - 156 - Musculotendinou s junction Figure 1: Ultrasound image of musculotendinous junction
Page 1 and 2:
O-01 KNEE EXTENSION AT TERMINAL SWI
Page 3 and 4:
O-02 THE MODIFIED TARDIEU IN STANDI
Page 5 and 6:
O-03 COORDINATION BETWEEN PELVIS, T
Page 7 and 8:
O-04 CAN GAIT ANALYSIS GUIDE MANAGE
Page 9 and 10:
O-05 DISTAL FEMORAL EXTENTSION OSTE
Page 11 and 12:
O-06 THE EFFECT OF SHOES ON GAIT IN
Page 13 and 14:
O-07 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CLINICAL
Page 15 and 16:
O-08 DOUBLE CALIBRATION VS GLOBAL O
Page 17 and 18:
O-09 THE SYMMETRICAL AXIS OF ROTATI
Page 19 and 20:
O-10 FEASIBILITY OF A NEW -JOINT CO
Page 21 and 22:
O-11 A SINGLE GAIT CYCLE AS MEASURE
Page 23 and 24:
O-12 IMPROVED TRACKING OF HIP ROTAT
Page 25 and 26:
O-13 PROTOCOL CHANGES CAN IMPROVE T
Page 27 and 28:
O-14 ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR MEASUR
Page 29 and 30:
O-15 OVERLAY PROJECTION OF 3D GAIT
Page 31 and 32:
O-16 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANTHR
Page 33 and 34:
O-17 COMPARING THE RELIABILITY OF V
Page 35 and 36: O-18 3D HIP AND PELVIC GAIT PATTERN
Page 37 and 38: O-19 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF AN
Page 39 and 40: O-20 HOW ACCURATE IS THE ESTIMATION
Page 41 and 42: O-21 IMPACT OF WHEELCHAIR PROPULSIO
Page 43 and 44: O-22 TOWARDS A NEW PROTOCOL FOR MOT
Page 45 and 46: O-23 KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER LI
Page 47 and 48: O-24 KINEMATIC UPPER LIMB ANALYSIS
Page 49 and 50: O-25 3D KINEMATICS OF UPPER EXTREMI
Page 51 and 52: O-26 CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT SHOULDE
Page 53 and 54: O-27 OBJECTIVE IDENTIFCATION OF GAI
Page 55 and 56: - 110 - O-28 NORMALCY GAIT INDEX AN
Page 57 and 58: O-29 GILLETTE GAIT INDEX IS CONSIST
Page 59 and 60: O-30 GAITABASE: NEW APPROACH TO CLI
Page 61 and 62: O-31 A MODIFIED GAIT CLASSIFICATION
Page 63 and 64: O-32 QUANTIFICATION OF KINEMATIC ME
Page 65 and 66: O-33 EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC VARIAT
Page 67 and 68: O-34 PAIRED OUTCOME ASSESSMENT OF A
Page 69 and 70: O-35 ENERGY EXPENDITURE DURING OVER
Page 71 and 72: O-36 HIGH FAILURE RATES WHEN AVOIDI
Page 73 and 74: O-37 SUBJECT SPECIFIC HIP GEOMETRY
Page 75 and 76: O-38 BIOMECHANICAL AND METABOLIC PE
Page 77 and 78: O-39 BIOMECHANICS OF GAIT IN CHARCO
Page 79 and 80: O-40 SAGITTAL PLANE LOWER EXTREMITY
Page 81 and 82: O-41 AN EXPLORATION OF THE FUNCTION
Page 83 and 84: O-42 DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF SLOW, F
Page 85: O-43 AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF MU
Page 89 and 90: O-45 ASSESSING THE REGULATORY ACTIV
Page 91 and 92: O-46 ABNORMAL EMG-ACTIVITY IN PATHO
Page 93 and 94: O-47 AVERAGED EMG PROFILES IN RUNNI
Page 95 and 96: O-48 TRACKING DYNAMIC FOOT PRESSURE
Page 97 and 98: O-49 THE INFLUENCE OF FOOTWEAR SOLE
Page 99 and 100: O-50 GAIT ANALYSIS IN CHILDREN TREA
Page 101 and 102: O-51 A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR US
Page 103 and 104: O-52 BIOMECHANICAL OPTIMIZATION OF
Page 105 and 106: O-53 EFFECT OF SENSORY-THRESHOLD EL
Page 107 and 108: O-54 THE IMPACT OF SINGLE EVENT MUL
Page 109 and 110: O-55 COMPREHENSIVE GAIT ANALYSIS OU
Page 111 and 112: O-56 THE EFFECT OF INCLUDING S2 ROO
Page 113 and 114: O-57 DYNAMIC FUNCTION AFTER ANTERIO
Page 115 and 116: O-58 RECOVERY OF MUSCLE STRENGTH FO
Page 117 and 118: O-59 AUDITORY-PACED WALKING FOLLOWI
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1st Joint ESMAC-GCMAS Meeting - Análise de Marcha

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