Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic - London

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BMA Board of Science Contents Executive summary 1 Recommendations 7 Introduction 10 Alcohol consumption in the UK 11 Per capita alcohol consumption 11 Prevalence of alcohol consumption 13 Patterns of alcohol misuse 14 Socio-economic factors and alcohol consumption 17 National and regional variations in alcohol consumption in the UK 19 Trends in alcohol misuse 19 Alcohol consumption and young people 22 Why do individuals misuse alcohol? 24 Where is alcohol consumed? 25 The burden of alcohol on society 27 Alcohol and health outcomes 27 Alcohol consumption and health 27 Alcohol-related morbidity, mortality and disability 31 Causes of alcohol-related mortality 36 Alcohol-related hospital admissions 37 Alcohol-related crime, disorder and anti-social behaviour 38 The social effects of alcohol misuse on individuals and families 41 Driving and road safety 42 The cost of alcohol misuse and alcohol-related harm 44 Effective policies to reduce alcohol-related harm in the UK 47 Access to alcohol – controlling price and availability 48 Taxation and traveller’s allowances 48 Licensing reforms 50 Legal age of consumption and age of purchase 52 Responsible retailing and industry practices 52 Enforcing responsible serving practices 52 Marketing and advertising 54 Measures to reduce drink-driving 57 Education and health promotion 59 Educational programmes 59 Understanding recommended drinking guidelines 60 Health promotion and advice from healthcare professionals 61 Early intervention and treatment of alcohol misuse 62 Screening and brief interventions for alcohol misuse 62 Specialist alcohol treatment services 65 International cooperation on alcohol control 68 Appendix 1 – summary of previous BMA publications on alcohol 71 Appendix 2 – UK alcohol control policies 72 Appendix 3 – excise duty rates in the European Union 75 Appendix 4 – school-based alcohol education in the UK 76 Appendix 5 – World Health Organisation European Charter on Alcohol 77 Appendix 6 – Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 78 References 79 Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic xi
xii BMA Board of Science Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic
Page 1 and 2: BMA Board of Science Alcohol misuse
Page 3 and 4: ii BMA Board of Science Editorial b
Page 5 and 6: iv BMA Board of Science Acknowledge
Page 7 and 8: vi BMA Board of Science Glossary No
Page 9 and 10: viii BMA Board of Science Recommend
Page 11: x BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
Page 15 and 16: 2 BMA Board of Science shifting to
Page 17 and 18: 4 BMA Board of Science Consideratio
Page 19 and 20: 6 BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
Page 21 and 22: 8 BMA Board of Science Measures to
Page 23 and 24: 10 BMA Board of Science Introductio
Page 25 and 26: Litres of pure alcohol per inhabita
Page 27 and 28: 14 BMA Board of Science Patterns of
Page 29 and 30: 16 BMA Board of Science Figure 3 -
Page 31 and 32: 18 BMA Board of Science increased w
Page 33 and 34: 20 BMA Board of Science Table 1 - p
Page 35 and 36: 22 BMA Board of Science Alcohol con
Page 37 and 38: 24 BMA Board of Science in 1997/98
Page 39 and 40: 26 BMA Board of Science Alcohol mis
Page 41 and 42: 28 BMA Board of Science Table 3 - p
Page 43 and 44: 30 BMA Board of Science Box 2 - maj
Page 45 and 46: 32 BMA Board of Science attributabl
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Page 49 and 50: 36 BMA Board of Science Causes of a
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Page 53 and 54: 40 BMA Board of Science Information
Page 55 and 56: 42 BMA Board of Science Driving and
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50 BMA Board of Science Recommendat
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52 BMA Board of Science Legal age o
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54 BMA Board of Science Recommendat
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56 BMA Board of Science Box 5 - the
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BAC (mg/100ml) 58 100 90 80 70 60 5
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60 BMA Board of Science Understandi
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62 BMA Board of Science Early inter
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64 BMA Board of Science At present
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66 BMA Board of Science treatment s
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68 BMA Board of Science Internation
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70 BMA Board of Science Alcohol mis
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72 BMA Board of Science Appendix 2
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74 BMA Board of Science Licensing i
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80 BMA Board of Science 23 Hughes T
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82 BMA Board of Science 67 Dex S &
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84 BMA Board of Science 118 Edward
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86 BMA Board of Science 164 McKnigh
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88 BMA Board of Science 209 Babor T
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90 BMA Board of Science 253 Scottis
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92 BMA Board of Science Alcohol mis
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British Medical Association Board o
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Board of Science and Education This
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vi Contents Introduction...........
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viii
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2 heavier smoking, drinking and mor
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4 Nutrition, exercise and obesity N
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6 The data for 1998 shows a 21 per
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8 Interventions in adolescent nutri
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10 The efficacy of traditional educ
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12 The treatment of individuals wit
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14 Smoking, drinking and drug use A
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16 The use of illicit substances, a
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18 smoking prevalence was highest a
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20 Interventions in adolescent drug
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22 be expensive given the amount co
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24 is potential to use the media, n
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26 Summary Adolescents in the UK ar
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28 Mental health problems in adoles
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30 Risk factors for conduct, depres
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32 Currently, specialist mental hea
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34 Sexual health Adolescents and se
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36 interferes with the adolescent
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38 Interventions in adolescent sexu
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40 The timing of educational interv
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42 Helping adolescent parents The h
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44 are more difficult to reach than
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46 The way forward This report has
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48 Annex 1 BMA policy on adolescent
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50 References 1 Lobstein T J, James
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52 56 Social Exclusion Unit (1998)
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54 115 Charles Gallichan (2003) Pub
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56 173 NHS Centre for Reviews and D
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Subject: Young People and Alcohol D
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Call for Evidence: Children and You
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5. Do you know of any international
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