Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic - London

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56 173 NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (1997) Preventing and reducing the adverse effects of unintended teenage pregnancies. Effective Health Care 3: 1-12. 174 Bertoud R (2001) Teenage births to ethnic minority women. Population trends 104. London: Stationery Office. 175 McCulloch A (2001) Teenage childbearing in Great Britain and the spatial concentration of poverty households. Journal of Epidemiol Community Health 55: 16-23. 176 Griffiths C & Kirby L (2000) Geographic Variations in conceptions to women ages under 18 in Great Britain during the 1990s. London: The Stationary Office. 177 Ramrakha S, Caspi A & Dickson N et al (2000) Psychiatric disorders and risky sex in young adulthood: a cross sectional study in a birth cohort. BMJ 321: 263-6. 178 Castilla J, Barrio G & Belza MJ et al (1999) Drug and alcohol consumption and sexual risk behaviour among young adults: results from a national survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 56: 47-53. 179 Stanton M, Leukefeld C & Logan TK et al (1999) Risky sex behaviour and substance use among young adults. Health Social Work 24: 147-154. 180 Bennett D L & Bauman A (2000) Adolescent mental health and risky sexual behaviour. BMJ 321: 251-2. 181 The National Assembly for Wales (1999) A strategic framework for promoting sexual health in Wales. Cardiff: National Assembly, Health Promotion Division. 182 Department of Health (2002) The national strategy for sexual health and HIV: better prevention, better services, better sexual health; implementation action plan. Great Briatin: Department of Health. 183 Kinghorn G (2001) Sexual health and HIV strategy for England. BMJ 323: 243-4. 184 Department for Education and Employment (2000) Sex and Relationship Education Guidance. London: The Stationery Office. 185 Oakley A, Fullerton D, & Holland J et al (1995) Sexual health education interventions for young people: a methodological review. BMJ 310: 158-62. 186 Ingham R (1998) Exploring interactional competence: comparative data from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands on young people’s sexual development. Paper presented at 24th meeting of the International Academy of Sex Research, Sirmione, Italy. 3-6 June 1998. 187 Stammers T (2000) Doctors should advice adolescents to abstain from sex. BMJ 321: 1520-2. 188 Goraya A & Prakash M (1998) Contraceptive knowledge and practice of pregnant teenagers requesting termination of pregnancy in inner-city. London Family Practice 15: 14-5. 189 Pearson VAH, Owen MR & Phillips DR et al (1995) Pregnant teenagers’ knowledge and use of emergency contraception. BMJ 310: 1644. 190 DiClemente R J (2001) Development of programmes for enhancing sexual health. The Lancet 358: 1828-9. 191 British Medical Association (2000) Consent, rights and choices in healthcare for children and young people. London: BMA. 192 Garside R, Ayres R & Owen M R et al (2000) General practitioners’ attitudes to sexual activity in under-sixteens. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 93: 563-4. 193 Hippisley-Cox J, Allen J & Pringle M et al (2000) Association between teenage pregnancy rates and the age and sex of general practitioners: cross sectional survey in Trent 1994-7. BMJ 320: 842-5. 194 Churchill D, Allen J & Pringle M et al (2000) Consultation patterns and provision of contraception in general practice before teenage pregnancy: case control study. BMJ 321: 486-9. 195 Department of Health (1998) Report of the working group to examine workloads in GUM clinics. Monks Report. London: Department of Health. 196 Scholes D, Stergachis A & Heidrich F et al (1996) Prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease by screening for cervical chlamydial infection. New England Journal of Medicine 334: 1362-6. 197 Catchpole M, Robinson A & Temple A (2003) Chlamydia screening in the United Kingdom. Sexually Transmitted Infections 79: 3-4. 198 Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2003) Bridging the gaps: health care for adolescents. London: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. 199 McPherson A, Donovan C & Macfarlane A (2002) Healthcare of young people: promotion in primary care. Abingdon: Radcliffe Medical Press. 200 Aynsley-Green A, Barker M & Burr S et al (2000) Who is speaking for children and adolescents at the policy level. BMJ 321: 229-32. British Medical Association Adolescent health
Copies of this report can be obtained from: Science & Education Department British Medical Association BMA House Tavistock Square London WC1H 9JP Tel: 020 7383 6164 Email: info.science@bma.org.uk A PDF of the report is available on the website: www.bma.org.uk
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BMA Board of Science Alcohol misuse
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ii BMA Board of Science Editorial b
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iv BMA Board of Science Acknowledge
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vi BMA Board of Science Glossary No
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viii BMA Board of Science Recommend
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x BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
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xii BMA Board of Science Alcohol mi
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2 BMA Board of Science shifting to
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4 BMA Board of Science Consideratio
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6 BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
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8 BMA Board of Science Measures to
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10 BMA Board of Science Introductio
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Litres of pure alcohol per inhabita
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14 BMA Board of Science Patterns of
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16 BMA Board of Science Figure 3 -
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18 BMA Board of Science increased w
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20 BMA Board of Science Table 1 - p
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22 BMA Board of Science Alcohol con
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24 BMA Board of Science in 1997/98
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26 BMA Board of Science Alcohol mis
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28 BMA Board of Science Table 3 - p
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30 BMA Board of Science Box 2 - maj
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32 BMA Board of Science attributabl
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34 BMA Board of Science Figure 11 -
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36 BMA Board of Science Causes of a
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38 BMA Board of Science Box 3 - sum
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40 BMA Board of Science Information
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42 BMA Board of Science Driving and
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44 BMA Board of Science Pedestrian
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48 BMA Board of Science The sub-sec
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50 BMA Board of Science Recommendat
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52 BMA Board of Science Legal age o
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54 BMA Board of Science Recommendat
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56 BMA Board of Science Box 5 - the
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BAC (mg/100ml) 58 100 90 80 70 60 5
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60 BMA Board of Science Understandi
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62 BMA Board of Science Early inter
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64 BMA Board of Science At present
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66 BMA Board of Science treatment s
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68 BMA Board of Science Internation
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72 BMA Board of Science Appendix 2
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74 BMA Board of Science Licensing i
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80 BMA Board of Science 23 Hughes T
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84 BMA Board of Science 118 Edward
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86 BMA Board of Science 164 McKnigh
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88 BMA Board of Science 209 Babor T
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90 BMA Board of Science 253 Scottis
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British Medical Association Board o
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Board of Science and Education This
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vi Contents Introduction...........
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viii
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2 heavier smoking, drinking and mor
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4 Nutrition, exercise and obesity N
Page 120 and 121: 6 The data for 1998 shows a 21 per
Page 122 and 123: 8 Interventions in adolescent nutri
Page 124 and 125: 10 The efficacy of traditional educ
Page 126 and 127: 12 The treatment of individuals wit
Page 128 and 129: 14 Smoking, drinking and drug use A
Page 130 and 131: 16 The use of illicit substances, a
Page 132 and 133: 18 smoking prevalence was highest a
Page 134 and 135: 20 Interventions in adolescent drug
Page 136 and 137: 22 be expensive given the amount co
Page 138 and 139: 24 is potential to use the media, n
Page 140 and 141: 26 Summary Adolescents in the UK ar
Page 142 and 143: 28 Mental health problems in adoles
Page 144 and 145: 30 Risk factors for conduct, depres
Page 146 and 147: 32 Currently, specialist mental hea
Page 148 and 149: 34 Sexual health Adolescents and se
Page 150 and 151: 36 interferes with the adolescent
Page 152 and 153: 38 Interventions in adolescent sexu
Page 154 and 155: 40 The timing of educational interv
Page 156 and 157: 42 Helping adolescent parents The h
Page 158 and 159: 44 are more difficult to reach than
Page 160 and 161: 46 The way forward This report has
Page 162 and 163: 48 Annex 1 BMA policy on adolescent
Page 164 and 165: 50 References 1 Lobstein T J, James
Page 166 and 167: 52 56 Social Exclusion Unit (1998)
Page 168 and 169: 54 115 Charles Gallichan (2003) Pub
Page 172 and 173: Subject: Young People and Alcohol D
Page 174 and 175: Call for Evidence: Children and You
Page 176 and 177: 5. Do you know of any international
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