Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic - London

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BMA Board of Science 45 Information Centre for Health and Social Care, National Centre for Social Research, National Foundation for Educational Research (2007) Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England in 2006: headline figures. London: Information Centre for Health and Social Care, National Centre for Social Research, National Foundation for Educational Research. 46 Corbett J, Akhtar P, Currie D et al (2005). Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) National Report: Smoking, drinking and drug use among 13 and 15 year-olds in Scotland in 2004. Edinburgh: The Stationery Office. 47 Health Promotion Agency for Northern Ireland (2000) The health behaviour of school children in Northern Ireland: a report on the 1997/98 survey. Belfast: Health Promotion Agency for Northern Ireland. 48 Fazey C (1977) Aetiology of Psychoactive Substance Use. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 49 Plant MA & Plant ML (1992) Risktakers: alcohol, drugs, sex and youth. London: Tavistock. 50 Plant ML, Plant MA & Mason W (2002) People who enjoy drinking: findings from a survey of British adults. The Drug and Alcohol Professional 2: 26-37. 51 Cook C (1994) Aetiology of alcohol misuse. In: Chick J & Cantwell R (eds) Seminars in alcohol and drug misuse: college seminar series. London: Gaskell. 52 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2007) Family food in 2005-06. London: The Stationery Office. 53 Office for National Statistics (2007) Family spending: 2006 edition. London: The Stationery Office. 54 HM Government (2007) Safe. Sensible. Social: the next steps in the national alcohol strategy. London: The Stationery Office. 55 Rehm J, Room R, Graham K et al (2003) The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: an overview. Addiction 98: 1209-28. 56 Quertemont E & Didone V (2006) Role of acetaldehyde in mediating the pharmacological and behavioral effects of alcohol. Alcohol Research and Health 29: 258-65. 57 Room R, Babor T & Rehm J (2005) Alcohol and public health. Lancet 365: 519-30. 58 Corrao G, Bagnardi V, Zambon A et al (2004) A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and the risk of 15 diseases. Preventive Medicine 38: 613-9. 59 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (2007) Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington DC: American Institute for Cancer Research. 60 Sacco RL, Elkind M, Boden-Albala B et al (1999) The protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on ischemic stroke. Journal of the American Medical Association 281: 53-60. 61 Howard AA, Arnsten JH & Gourevitch MN (2004) Effect of alcohol consumption on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine 140: 211-29. 62 Fillmore KM, Kerr WC, Stockwell T et al (2006) Moderate alcohol use and reduced mortality risk: systematic error in prospective studies. Addiction Research and Theory 14: 1–31. 63 World Health Organisation (2007) WHO expert committee on problems related to alcohol consumption. Second report. Geneva: World Health Organisation. 64 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2002) Alcohol consumption and problems in the general population: findings from the 1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 65 British Medical Association (2007) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders – a guide for healthcare professionals. London: British Medical Association. 66 Health Development Agency (2004) Teenage pregnancy: an overview of the research evidence. London: Health Development Agency. Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic 81
82 BMA Board of Science 67 Dex S & Joshi H (ed) (2005) Children of the 21st century: from birth to nine months. Bristol: Policy Press. 68 Lakha F & Glasier A (2006) Unintended pregnancy and use of emergency contraception among a large cohort of women attending for antenatal care or abortion in Scotland. Lancet 368: 1782-7. 69 Sherman CA, Harvey SM & Noell J (2005) ‘Are they still having sex?’ STI’s and unintended pregnancy among mid-life women. Journal of Women & Aging 17: 41-55. 70 World Health Organisation (2004) Global status report on alcohol 2004. Geneva: World Health Organisation. 71 World Health Organisation (2002) The world health report 2002 – reducing risks, promoting healthy lifestyles. Geneva: World Health Organisation. 72 Office for National Statistics (2006) Alcohol-related deaths in the United Kingdom 1991- 2005. London: The Stationery Office. 73 Donaldson L (2001) On the state of the public health: the annual report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Department of Health 2001. London: Department of Health. 74 Leon DA & McCambridge J (2006) Liver cirrhosis mortality rates in Britain from 1950 to 2002: an analysis of routine data. Lancet 367: 52-6. 75 Welsh Assembly Government (2007) Statistical bulletin: alcohol-related deaths in Wales, 2005. Cardiff: Welsh Assembly Government. 76 Collins JJ (1982) Drinking and crime: perspectives on the relationship between alcohol consumption and criminal behaviour. London: Tavistock. 77 Plant ML, Thornton C & Plant MA (2003) People and places: some factors in the alcoholviolence link. Journal of Substance Use 8: 1324-30. 78 Crime and Disorder Act 1998. London: The Stationery Office. 79 Shepherd J & Sivarajasingam V (2005). Injury research explains conflicting violence trends. Injury Prevention 11: 324-5. 80 Home Office Statistical Bulletin (2006) Crime in England and Wales 2005/06. London: Home Office. 81 Home Office Statistical Bulletin (2006) Young people and crime: findings from the 2005 offending, crime and justice survey. London: Home Office. 82 Scottish Executive (2002) The 2000 Scottish crime survey. Edinburgh: The Stationery Office. 83 Matthews S & Richardson A (2005) The 2003 offending crime and justice survey: alcoholrelated crime and disorder. London: Home Office. 84 Home Office Statistical Bulletin (2005) Young people and crime: findings from the 2004 offending, crime and justice survey. London: Home Office. 85 Department of Health (2005) Alcohol Misuse Interventions: Guidance on Developing a Local Programme of Improvement. London: Department of Health. 86 Office for Population Censuses and Surveys (1996) Psychiatric morbidity among homeless people. London: The Stationery Office. 87 Farrell M, Howes S, Taylor C et al (1998) Substance Misuse and Psychiatric Co-morbidity: An Overview of the OPCS National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Addictive Behaviours 23: 909-18. 88 Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit (2003) Alcohol project: interim analytical report. London: Cabinet Office. 89 Gmel G & Rehm J (2003) Harmful alcohol use. Alcohol Research and Health 27: 52-62. 90 Bonu S, Rani M, Jha P et al (2004) Household tobacco and alcohol use, and child health: an exploratory study from India. Health Policy 70: 67-83. 91 Klingemann H & Gmel G (2001) (eds) Mapping the social consequences of alcohol consumption. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic
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BMA Board of Science Alcohol misuse
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ii BMA Board of Science Editorial b
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iv BMA Board of Science Acknowledge
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vi BMA Board of Science Glossary No
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viii BMA Board of Science Recommend
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x BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
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xii BMA Board of Science Alcohol mi
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2 BMA Board of Science shifting to
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4 BMA Board of Science Consideratio
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6 BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
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8 BMA Board of Science Measures to
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10 BMA Board of Science Introductio
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Litres of pure alcohol per inhabita
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14 BMA Board of Science Patterns of
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16 BMA Board of Science Figure 3 -
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18 BMA Board of Science increased w
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20 BMA Board of Science Table 1 - p
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22 BMA Board of Science Alcohol con
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24 BMA Board of Science in 1997/98
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26 BMA Board of Science Alcohol mis
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28 BMA Board of Science Table 3 - p
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Page 112 and 113: vi Contents Introduction...........
Page 114 and 115: viii
Page 116 and 117: 2 heavier smoking, drinking and mor
Page 118 and 119: 4 Nutrition, exercise and obesity N
Page 120 and 121: 6 The data for 1998 shows a 21 per
Page 122 and 123: 8 Interventions in adolescent nutri
Page 124 and 125: 10 The efficacy of traditional educ
Page 126 and 127: 12 The treatment of individuals wit
Page 128 and 129: 14 Smoking, drinking and drug use A
Page 130 and 131: 16 The use of illicit substances, a
Page 132 and 133: 18 smoking prevalence was highest a
Page 134 and 135: 20 Interventions in adolescent drug
Page 136 and 137: 22 be expensive given the amount co
Page 138 and 139: 24 is potential to use the media, n
Page 140 and 141: 26 Summary Adolescents in the UK ar
Page 142 and 143: 28 Mental health problems in adoles
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30 Risk factors for conduct, depres
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32 Currently, specialist mental hea
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34 Sexual health Adolescents and se
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36 interferes with the adolescent
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38 Interventions in adolescent sexu
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40 The timing of educational interv
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42 Helping adolescent parents The h
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44 are more difficult to reach than
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46 The way forward This report has
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48 Annex 1 BMA policy on adolescent
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50 References 1 Lobstein T J, James
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52 56 Social Exclusion Unit (1998)
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54 115 Charles Gallichan (2003) Pub
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56 173 NHS Centre for Reviews and D
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Subject: Young People and Alcohol D
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Call for Evidence: Children and You
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5. Do you know of any international
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