Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic - London

More documents

Recommendations

Info

BMA Board of Science Figure 12 – age-standardised alcohol-related death rates by deprivation twentieth and sex, England and Wales, 1999-2003 Age-standardised rate per 100,000 population 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Least deprived Most deprived The overall rates for men and women in England and Wales were 14.1 and 6.9 respectively. Source: Office for National Statistics (2007) Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Deprivation twentieth (Carstairs deprivation index) An important measure of alcohol-related deaths is the rate of mortality due to liver cirrhosis. k In England, the rate of liver cirrhosis mortality approximately trebled between 1970 and 1998, while the rate in the EU decreased by 30 per cent. 73 In the 35 to 44 years age group the death rate increased eight-fold in men and almost seven-fold in women, while there was a four-fold increase in 25 to 34 year-olds. 73 A study of liver cirrhosis mortality rates in Britain from 1950-54 to 2000-02 found that rates in men increased five-fold in England and Wales and six-fold in Scotland over this period. 74 In women, there was a corresponding four-fold increase. 74 This increase occurred in both the 15 to 44 years age group and the 45 to 64 years age group, although the absolute rates were much higher in the older group. 74 In comparison to the rates in 12 other western European countries l over a similar period, these increases were found to be the steepest rise in western Europe where the rate of mortality has been declining since the early 1970s. 74 The mortality rates for Scotland across both age-groups and sexes are now one of the highest in western Europe and while the absolute rates in England and Wales remain relatively low, the steep increase in recent years have seen the rates beginning to exceed the western European average. 74 In Wales, the number of alcohol-related deaths more than doubled between 1992 and 2005, increasing from 199 to 407. 95 In 2005, 63 per cent (255) of these deaths were among males, of which 46 per cent were aged 45 to 74. 75 Corresponding data are not available for Northern Ireland. k There are many different causes of liver cirrhosis of which sustained alcohol misuse and hepatitis C infection are the most common. l The 12 western European countries included in the study were Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic 35
36 BMA Board of Science Causes of alcohol-related mortality Alcohol misuse can be directly associated with mortality from certain types of disease (eg liver cirrhosis). Table 6 compares the data for the deaths from causes linked directly to alcohol consumption in 2005 for England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. As Table 6 demonstrates, alcoholic liver disease accounts for the majority (approximately two-thirds) of deaths directly linked to alcohol consumption in the UK. With the exception of chronic hepatitis, more men than women died from each of the alcohol-related causes of death. Table 6 – deaths from causes directly linked to alcohol consumption in the UK in 2005 as a percentage of the total number of deaths (based on the ICD-10) Cause of death (ICD-10 code) England and Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Male Female Male Female Male Female Mental and behavioural 8.9 6.2 25.0 17.9 33.7 27.4 disorders due to alcohol (F10) (386) (137) (255) (88) (63) (23) Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 1.5 0.7 1.3 0 11.8 4.8 (I42.6)* (64) (16) (13) (0) (22) (4) Alcoholic liver disease (K70) 64.3 61.6 62.5 68.7 42.2 45.2 (2,789) (1,371) (638) (338) (79) (38) Chronic hepatitis – not 0.32 2.3 0 1.0 0 2.4 elsewhere specified (K73) (14) (52) (0) (5) (0) (2) Fibrosis and cirrhosis 21.3 26.2 9.6 11.4 8.6 17.9 of the liver (K74) (926) (584) (98) (56) (16) (15) Alcoholic induced chronic 1.0 0.5 1.4 0.8 2.7 2.4 pancreatitis (K86.0)** (44) (11) (14) (4) (5) (2) Alcoholic poisoning by and 2.3 2.3 0 0 1.1 0 exposure to alcohol (X45) (100) (51) (0) (0) (2) (0) Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 (4,340) (2,227) (1,021) (492) (187) (84) Source: Statistics on alcohol: England 2007 (The Information Centre, 2007), General Register Office for Scotland (2007), Registrar General Northern Ireland Annual Report 2005 (Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, 2006). * Data presented for Northern Ireland relate to the broader category of cardiomyopathy and not specifically for alcoholic cardiomyopathy (I42.6) for which data were not available. ** Data presented for Northern Ireland relate to the broader category of other diseases of the pancreas (K86) and not specifically for alcoholic induced chronic pancreatitis K86.0) for which data were not available. Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic
Page 1 and 2: BMA Board of Science Alcohol misuse
Page 3 and 4: ii BMA Board of Science Editorial b
Page 5 and 6: iv BMA Board of Science Acknowledge
Page 7 and 8: vi BMA Board of Science Glossary No
Page 9 and 10: viii BMA Board of Science Recommend
Page 11 and 12: x BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
Page 13 and 14: xii BMA Board of Science Alcohol mi
Page 15 and 16: 2 BMA Board of Science shifting to
Page 17 and 18: 4 BMA Board of Science Consideratio
Page 19 and 20: 6 BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
Page 21 and 22: 8 BMA Board of Science Measures to
Page 23 and 24: 10 BMA Board of Science Introductio
Page 25 and 26: Litres of pure alcohol per inhabita
Page 27 and 28: 14 BMA Board of Science Patterns of
Page 29 and 30: 16 BMA Board of Science Figure 3 -
Page 31 and 32: 18 BMA Board of Science increased w
Page 33 and 34: 20 BMA Board of Science Table 1 - p
Page 35 and 36: 22 BMA Board of Science Alcohol con
Page 37 and 38: 24 BMA Board of Science in 1997/98
Page 39 and 40: 26 BMA Board of Science Alcohol mis
Page 41 and 42: 28 BMA Board of Science Table 3 - p
Page 43 and 44: 30 BMA Board of Science Box 2 - maj
Page 45 and 46: 32 BMA Board of Science attributabl
Page 47: 34 BMA Board of Science Figure 11 -
Page 51 and 52: 38 BMA Board of Science Box 3 - sum
Page 53 and 54: 40 BMA Board of Science Information
Page 55 and 56: 42 BMA Board of Science Driving and
Page 57 and 58: 44 BMA Board of Science Pedestrian
Page 61 and 62: 48 BMA Board of Science The sub-sec
Page 63 and 64: 50 BMA Board of Science Recommendat
Page 65 and 66: 52 BMA Board of Science Legal age o
Page 67 and 68: 54 BMA Board of Science Recommendat
Page 69 and 70: 56 BMA Board of Science Box 5 - the
Page 71 and 72: BAC (mg/100ml) 58 100 90 80 70 60 5
Page 73 and 74: 60 BMA Board of Science Understandi
Page 75 and 76: 62 BMA Board of Science Early inter
Page 77 and 78: 64 BMA Board of Science At present
Page 79 and 80: 66 BMA Board of Science treatment s
Page 81 and 82: 68 BMA Board of Science Internation
Page 85 and 86: 72 BMA Board of Science Appendix 2
Page 87 and 88: 74 BMA Board of Science Licensing i
Page 93 and 94: 80 BMA Board of Science 23 Hughes T
Page 95 and 96: 82 BMA Board of Science 67 Dex S &
Page 97 and 98: 84 BMA Board of Science 118 Edward
Page 99 and 100:
86 BMA Board of Science 164 McKnigh
Page 101 and 102:
88 BMA Board of Science 209 Babor T
Page 103 and 104:
90 BMA Board of Science 253 Scottis
Page 105 and 106:
92 BMA Board of Science Alcohol mis
Page 107 and 108:
British Medical Association Board o
Page 109:
Board of Science and Education This
Page 112 and 113:
vi Contents Introduction...........
Page 114 and 115:
viii
Page 116 and 117:
2 heavier smoking, drinking and mor
Page 118 and 119:
4 Nutrition, exercise and obesity N
Page 120 and 121:
6 The data for 1998 shows a 21 per
Page 122 and 123:
8 Interventions in adolescent nutri
Page 124 and 125:
10 The efficacy of traditional educ
Page 126 and 127:
12 The treatment of individuals wit
Page 128 and 129:
14 Smoking, drinking and drug use A
Page 130 and 131:
16 The use of illicit substances, a
Page 132 and 133:
18 smoking prevalence was highest a
Page 134 and 135:
20 Interventions in adolescent drug
Page 136 and 137:
22 be expensive given the amount co
Page 138 and 139:
24 is potential to use the media, n
Page 140 and 141:
26 Summary Adolescents in the UK ar
Page 142 and 143:
28 Mental health problems in adoles
Page 144 and 145:
30 Risk factors for conduct, depres
Page 146 and 147:
32 Currently, specialist mental hea
Page 148 and 149:
34 Sexual health Adolescents and se
Page 150 and 151:
36 interferes with the adolescent
Page 152 and 153:
38 Interventions in adolescent sexu
Page 154 and 155:
40 The timing of educational interv
Page 156 and 157:
42 Helping adolescent parents The h
Page 158 and 159:
44 are more difficult to reach than
Page 160 and 161:
46 The way forward This report has
Page 162 and 163:
48 Annex 1 BMA policy on adolescent
Page 164 and 165:
50 References 1 Lobstein T J, James
Page 166 and 167:
52 56 Social Exclusion Unit (1998)
Page 168 and 169:
54 115 Charles Gallichan (2003) Pub
Page 170 and 171:
56 173 NHS Centre for Reviews and D
Page 172 and 173:
Subject: Young People and Alcohol D
Page 174 and 175:
Call for Evidence: Children and You
Page 176 and 177:
5. Do you know of any international
show all

Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic - London

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?