Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic - London

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BMA Board of Science References 1 American Psychiatric Association (1994) DSM-IV, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4e). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association. 2 World Health Organisation Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms. Available at www.who.int (accessed January 2008). 3 Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit (2003) Interim analytical report for the national alcohol harm reduction strategy. London: Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit. 4 Plant MA & Plant ML (2006) Binge Britain: alcohol and the national response. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5 British Beer and Pub Association (2007) Statistical handbook 2007. London: Brewing Publications Limited. 6 WHO Global Alcohol Database. Available at www.who.int (accessed January 2008). 7 Leifman H (2001) Estimations of unrecorded alcohol consumption levels and trends in 14 European countries. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 18: s54-71. 8 Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit (2004) Alcohol harm reduction strategy for England. London: Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit. 9 Health Promotion Agency for Northern Ireland (2001) Promoting health. Alcohol and public health: the best way forward. Belfast: Health Promotion Agency for Northern Ireland. 10 Office for National Statistics (2006) General household survey 2005. London: The Stationery Office. 11 Office for National Statistics (2008) General household survey 2006. London: The Stationery Office. 12 NHS National Services Scotland (2007) Alcohol statistics Scotland 2007. Edinburgh: NHS National Services Scotland. 13 Department of Health (2005) Alcohol Needs Assessment Research Project (ANARP): the 2004 national alcohol needs assessment for England. London: Department of Health. 14 Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (2005) Binge drinking and public health. London: Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology. 15 North West Public Health Observatory (2007) Indications of public health in the English regions – alcohol. Liverpool: North West Public Health Observatory. 16 Department for Health, Social Services and Public Safety (2002) Health and social wellbeing survey 2001. Belfast: Department for Health, Social Services and Public Safety. 17 Burgard SA, Cochran SD & Mays VM (2005) Alcohol and tobacco use patterns among heterosexually and homosexually experienced California women. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 77: 61-70. 18 Nawyn SJ, Richman JA, Rospenda KM et al (2000) Sexual identity and alcohol-related outcomes: contributions of workplace harassment. Journal of Substance Abuse 11: 289-304. 19 Cochran SD, Keenan C, Schober C et al (2000) Estimates of alcohol use and clinical treatment needs among homosexually active men and women in the U.S. population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68: 1062-71. 20 Cochran SD & Mays VM (2000) Relation between psychiatric syndromes and behaviorally defined sexual orientation in a sample of the US population. American Journal of Epidemiology 151: 516-23. 21 Drabble L, Midanik LT & Trocki K (2005) Reports of alcohol consumption and alcoholrelated problems among homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual respondents: results from the 2000 National Alcohol Survey. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 66:111-20. 22 Sandfort TG, de Graaf R, Bijl RV et al (2001) Same-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Archives of General Psychiatry 58: 85-91. Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic 79
80 BMA Board of Science 23 Hughes TL (2003) Lesbians’ drinking patterns: beyond the data. Substance Use and Misuse 38: 1739-58. 24 Hughes TL & Jacobson KM (2003) Sexual orientation and women’s smoking. Current Women’s Health Reports 3: 254-61. 25 Bergmark KH (1999) Drinking in the Swedish gay and lesbian community. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 6:133-43. 26 Gruskin EP & Gordon N (2006) Gay/lesbian sexual orientation increases risk for cigarette smoking and heavy drinking among members of a large Northern California health plan. BMC Public Health 6: 241. 27 Roberts SA, Dibble SL, Scanlon JL et al (1998) Differences in risk factors for breast cancer: Lesbian and heterosexual women. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 2: 93-101. 28 Dibble SL, Roberts SA & Nussey B (2004) Comparing breast cancer risk between lesbians and their heterosexual sisters. Women’s Health Issues 14: 60-68. 29 Bloomfield K (1993) A comparison of alcohol consumption between lesbians and heterosexual women in an urban population. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 33: 257-69. 30 Hughes TL & Wilsnack SC (1997) Use of alcohol among lesbians: research and clinical implications. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 67: 20-36. 31 Gilman SE, Cochran SD, Mays VM et al (2001) Risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Public Health 91: 933-39. 32 Woody G, VanEtten-Lee ML, McKirnan DJ et al (2001) Substance use among men who have sex with men: comparison with a national household survey. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 27: 86-90. 33 Butler A, Garard D, Muir-Mackenzie A et al (2000) Straight talking: a multi-agency research project looking at access to primary healthcare for women who have sex with women. South & West Devon Health Authority. 34 Bridget J (2000) ACTION for lesbian, gay and bisexual young people in Calderdale. Lancashire: Lesbian Information Service. 35 Mullen A (1999) Social inclusion: reaching out to bisexual, gay and lesbian youth. Reading: ReachOUT. 36 John S & Patrick A (1999) Poverty and social exclusion of lesbians and gay men in Glasgow, Glasgow Women’s Library. 37 Cargiulo T (2007) Understanding the health impact of alcohol dependence. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 64: s5-11. 38 Cooper SA, Melville C & Morrison J (2004) People with intellectual disabilities. British Medical Journal 329: 414-5. 39 NHS Health Scotland (2004) Health needs assessment report. People with learning disabilities in Scotland. Glasgow: NHS Health Scotland. 40 The Information Centre (2007) Statistics on alcohol: England 2007. Leeds: The Information Centre. 41 Williamson J, Sham P & Ball D (2003) Binge drinking trends in a UK community-based sample. Journal of Substance Use 8: 234-7. 42 British Medical Association (2003) Adolescent health. London: British Medical Association. 43 Hibell B, Andersson B & Bjarnasson T (2004) The 2003 ESPAD report: alcohol and other drugs use among students in 35 European countries. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs. 44 Plant MA, Miller P & Plant ML (2005) Trends in drinking, smoking and illicit drug use among 15 and 16 -year -olds in the United Kingdom (1995-2003). Journal of Substance Use 10: 331-9. Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic
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BMA Board of Science Alcohol misuse
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ii BMA Board of Science Editorial b
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iv BMA Board of Science Acknowledge
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vi BMA Board of Science Glossary No
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viii BMA Board of Science Recommend
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x BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
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xii BMA Board of Science Alcohol mi
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2 BMA Board of Science shifting to
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4 BMA Board of Science Consideratio
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6 BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
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8 BMA Board of Science Measures to
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10 BMA Board of Science Introductio
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Litres of pure alcohol per inhabita
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14 BMA Board of Science Patterns of
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16 BMA Board of Science Figure 3 -
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18 BMA Board of Science increased w
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20 BMA Board of Science Table 1 - p
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22 BMA Board of Science Alcohol con
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24 BMA Board of Science in 1997/98
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26 BMA Board of Science Alcohol mis
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Page 107 and 108: British Medical Association Board o
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Page 112 and 113: vi Contents Introduction...........
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Page 116 and 117: 2 heavier smoking, drinking and mor
Page 118 and 119: 4 Nutrition, exercise and obesity N
Page 120 and 121: 6 The data for 1998 shows a 21 per
Page 122 and 123: 8 Interventions in adolescent nutri
Page 124 and 125: 10 The efficacy of traditional educ
Page 126 and 127: 12 The treatment of individuals wit
Page 128 and 129: 14 Smoking, drinking and drug use A
Page 130 and 131: 16 The use of illicit substances, a
Page 132 and 133: 18 smoking prevalence was highest a
Page 134 and 135: 20 Interventions in adolescent drug
Page 136 and 137: 22 be expensive given the amount co
Page 138 and 139: 24 is potential to use the media, n
Page 140 and 141: 26 Summary Adolescents in the UK ar
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28 Mental health problems in adoles
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30 Risk factors for conduct, depres
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32 Currently, specialist mental hea
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34 Sexual health Adolescents and se
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36 interferes with the adolescent
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38 Interventions in adolescent sexu
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40 The timing of educational interv
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42 Helping adolescent parents The h
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44 are more difficult to reach than
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46 The way forward This report has
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48 Annex 1 BMA policy on adolescent
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50 References 1 Lobstein T J, James
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52 56 Social Exclusion Unit (1998)
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54 115 Charles Gallichan (2003) Pub
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56 173 NHS Centre for Reviews and D
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Subject: Young People and Alcohol D
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Call for Evidence: Children and You
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5. Do you know of any international
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