Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic - London

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BMA Board of Science Alcohol consumption in the UK Per capita alcohol consumption Alcohol consumption in the UK has varied considerably over the past century (see Figure 1). 4 At the beginning of the 20th century, national per capita alcohol consumption a was higher than at any point in the subsequent years. The level of consumption declined significantly during the First World War and remained relatively low during the inter-war period and the Second World War. Since 1950, consumption rose from 3.9 litres per capita per year to a peak of 9.4 in 2004. 5 Per capita consumption subsequently fell to 8.9 litres in 2006. 5 Despite this recent decline, per capita consumption in the UK has remained consistently above 7 litres per capita per year since 1980, while consumption in other European countries including France, Italy and Spain has fallen steadily over the same period. 6 Comparison of per capita consumption among adults aged 15 and over shows the UK to be among the heaviest alcohol consuming countries in Europe (see Figure 2). Data on per capita consumption are not available for the devolved UK nations. It is important to note that data on per capita consumption are based on tax-paid sales and do not account for unrecorded alcohol consumption resulting from legal or illegal home-made production, imported alcohol (including small-scale and large-scale smuggling and legally imported alcohol for personal use), and alcohol consumed by foreign visitors. It is likely that per capita consumption data are reasonably accurate for countries such as Australia and the USA where such factors are negligible. Nonetheless, cross border regulations in the EU and the relative ease of travel within Europe means that per capita data for European countries are likely to be less accurate. 7 It has been estimated that the approximate level of unrecorded consumption in Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and the UK is two litres of 100 per cent alcohol per inhabitant aged 15 or over. 7 There is a need to improve data on per capita consumption to include not only tax-paid data for all the countries in the UK, but also regular published estimates of the amount of alcohol being imported outside of the tax regime. Figure 1 – per capita alcohol consumption in the UK (litres of pure alcohol) Litres of pure alcohol per head 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 Source: Statistical handbook 2007 (British Beer and Pub Association, 2007) 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 Year Ready-to-drink drinks (alcopops) Wine Spirits Cider Beer a Per capita alcohol consumption refers to the number of litres per head of pure (100%) alcohol. Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic 11 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Litres of pure alcohol per inhabitant 12 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 BMA Board of Science There has been considerable variation in the levels of consumption of different types of beverage in the UK since 1970. While the proportion of alcohol consumed in the form of beer has fallen from 70.9 per cent in 1970 to 43.1 per cent (92.1 litres of beer per head of total population) in 2006, it remains the most popular alcoholic beverage in the UK. 5 Over the same period the proportion of spirits consumed rose from 17.1 per cent to 19.4 per cent (1.7 litres of spirits per head of total population), and cider from 2.0 per cent to 7.0 per cent (12.4 litres of cider per head of total population). 5 There has been a significant rise in the proportion of wine consumed, increasing from 10 per cent in 1970 to 28.8 per cent (21.5 litres of wine per head of total population) in 2005, with an additional 2 per cent (4 litres per head of total population) in the form of wine-based coolers and flavoured alcoholic beverages (alcopops). 5 While these data on per capita alcohol consumption provide useful information on trends, they do not provide information on the patterns of alcohol consumption. Figure 2 – per capita alcohol consumption in selected European and other countries (litres of pure alcohol per inhabitant) among adults (> – 15 years), 2003 Luxembourg Ireland Hungary Republic of Moldova Czech Republic Croatia Germany United Kingdom Denmark Spain Portugal France Austria Switzerland Belgium Slovakia Russian Federation Finland Lithuania Romania Netherlands Latvia Bosnia and Herzegovina Greece Australia Estonia USA Serbia and Montenegro Poland Italy Canada Iceland Slovenia Ukraine Sweden Bulgaria Macedonia Belarus Norway Azerbaijan Albania Armenia Georgia Source: WHO Global Alcohol Database Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic Country
Page 1 and 2: BMA Board of Science Alcohol misuse
Page 3 and 4: ii BMA Board of Science Editorial b
Page 5 and 6: iv BMA Board of Science Acknowledge
Page 7 and 8: vi BMA Board of Science Glossary No
Page 9 and 10: viii BMA Board of Science Recommend
Page 11 and 12: x BMA Board of Science Alcohol misu
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62 BMA Board of Science Early inter
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64 BMA Board of Science At present
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66 BMA Board of Science treatment s
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68 BMA Board of Science Internation
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70 BMA Board of Science Alcohol mis
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72 BMA Board of Science Appendix 2
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74 BMA Board of Science Licensing i
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80 BMA Board of Science 23 Hughes T
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82 BMA Board of Science 67 Dex S &
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84 BMA Board of Science 118 Edward
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86 BMA Board of Science 164 McKnigh
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88 BMA Board of Science 209 Babor T
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90 BMA Board of Science 253 Scottis
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92 BMA Board of Science Alcohol mis
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British Medical Association Board o
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Board of Science and Education This
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vi Contents Introduction...........
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viii
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2 heavier smoking, drinking and mor
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4 Nutrition, exercise and obesity N
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6 The data for 1998 shows a 21 per
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8 Interventions in adolescent nutri
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10 The efficacy of traditional educ
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12 The treatment of individuals wit
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14 Smoking, drinking and drug use A
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16 The use of illicit substances, a
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18 smoking prevalence was highest a
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20 Interventions in adolescent drug
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22 be expensive given the amount co
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24 is potential to use the media, n
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26 Summary Adolescents in the UK ar
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28 Mental health problems in adoles
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30 Risk factors for conduct, depres
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32 Currently, specialist mental hea
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34 Sexual health Adolescents and se
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36 interferes with the adolescent
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38 Interventions in adolescent sexu
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40 The timing of educational interv
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42 Helping adolescent parents The h
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44 are more difficult to reach than
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46 The way forward This report has
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48 Annex 1 BMA policy on adolescent
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50 References 1 Lobstein T J, James
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52 56 Social Exclusion Unit (1998)
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54 115 Charles Gallichan (2003) Pub
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56 173 NHS Centre for Reviews and D
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Subject: Young People and Alcohol D
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Call for Evidence: Children and You
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5. Do you know of any international
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Alcohol misuse: tackling the UK epidemic - London

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