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(375) *[Re-j ajwewe jet laddik] im [re-j al 3pl.agr-T(pres) whistle.intrans some boy and 3pl.agr-T(pres) sing.intrans laddik ro jet] n#an leddik ro. boy the.pl.h other at girl the.pl.h 'Some boys are whistling (at the girls) and some boys are singing to the girls.' In case of this final example, there is a grammatical reading in which two separate sentences are coordinated. (376) [Re-j ajwewe jet laddik] im [re-j al 3pl.agr-T(pres) whistle.intrans some boy and 3pl.agr-T(pres) sing.intrans laddik ro jet n#an leddik ro]. boy the.pl.h other at girl the.pl.h 'Some boys are whistling (not at the girls), and some boys are singing to the girls.' Thus in none of these sentences are AgrS-T, V and the subject a constituent, a fact which supports the structure I have proposed for Marshallese sentences with internal subjects, as illustrated by (369). Another piece of evidence in favor of this analysis is that it can explain the distribution of adverb bajjek with respect to internal subjects. When the subject is sentence internal, bajjek may precede the verb (377). It may also follow the verb (378a), provided that it is not preceded by the subject (378b). (377) E-j bajjek bubu ri-kapāl eo 3s.agr-T(pres) for.no.important.reason do.magic.intrans one.who-do.magic the.s i mweo imō-n. in house dwell.poss-3s.gen 'The magician is doing magic in his house for no important reason.' (378) a. E-j etetal bajjek leddik eo n#an downtown. 3s.agr-T(pres) walk for.no.important.reason girl the.s to downtown 'The girl is walking downtown for no important reason.' b. *E-j etetal leddik eo bajjek n#an downtown. 3s.agr-T(pres) walk girl the.s for.no.important.reason to downtown 'The girl is walking downtown for no important reason.' 152
Bajjek must precede the internal subject when they are both postverbal because the verb moves to a position above bajjek, while the subject remains VP internal, as shown in (379), the derivation of (378a). Since, in (378a), the verb precedes bajjek, there must be a position above the adverb bajjek to which the verb can move. In (379), this position is the head of the phrase ZP. (379) AgrSP AgrS e 3s AgrS' T j T(pres) Z vk etetal 'walk' Advm Z Xl Vj v TP X T' Adv ZP Z' bajjek DP AdvP tm leddik eo 'the girl' Adv' vPi XP tl tk v' X' VP tj YP 153 Y Y' vP PP ti ns n#an downtown 'to downtown'
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angele
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .
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3.3.2.4 Final subjects and right di
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .intrans intr
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many peo
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Marshallese teachers in Majuro: Isa
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VITA October 29, 1974 Born, Mesa, A
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Subjec
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Chapter 1. Introduction Why study l
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Figure 1. Location of the Republic
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their late childhood years. All con
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fewer then 10,000 speakers. These l
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phonological and information status
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three secondary places of articulat
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Table 5. Marshallese diphthongs (ad
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showing the orthography used by the
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Demonstratives also have a human/no
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(11) E-ar den#ōt ladik ro. E-ar de
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languages, in which "a disjunctive
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(30) a. Mary e-kar lotak ilo Namori
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2.2.5 Adjectives 6 Marshallese has
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When ka- prefixes to an intransitiv
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In examples containing the causativ
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However, this verb is more complica
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When the verb contains a high vowel
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(64) Oror eo, piik eo e-ar kokkure.
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(70) ar 'toward the lagoon side' ā
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intransitive or transitive form (if
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Ungrammatical examples, in which th
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2.2.6.4.5 Underlyingly transitive -
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(94) intransitive transitive Englis
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(100) I-lukkuun kōnaan eon#ōd ek.
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(104) Noun Verb Source at 'hat' ata
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an 'won't', negative future. (109)
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There is also an adverb that relate
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. *Kw-ar le ke lok mōn#ā eo n#an
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morphemes are possible. Based on th
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(141) Laddik nana eo e-ar etal im k
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In addition to the standard relativ
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(153) Leddik eo e-ar koot-e būruo-
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Table 12. Possessive classifiers 13
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(165) Bōlen i-naaj wia a-n Mary ju
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2.3.3.1 Verbless sentences There is
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2.3.3.2 Sentences with overt verbs
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(188) Ritti bwebwenato eo mokta ipp
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(198) *Ke John e-j kōnono ippā-n
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(205) a. I-jaje e-j ke ka-ire kaula
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ta 'what' (210) a. Ta ko kidu ko re
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with a plural agreement clitic (220
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2.3.4.2.3.3 Class 3 There are also
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2.3.4.2.5 Resumptive elements With
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equired in an indirect wh- question
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. Mary e-ar ron# n#āāt eo Jikko e
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3.1 Introduction Chapter 3. Basic W
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sentence final This term refers to
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have right dislocated subjects. I w
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But it is possible for the PP argum
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First, the subject may be sentence
Page 119 and 120: The generalization for those transi
Page 121 and 122: *V S CP b.*E-kōnaan pastō eo bwe
Page 123 and 124: V S CP b. E-ar jelā kōrā eo bwe
Page 125 and 126: S V (288) a. Irooj ro re-naaj ettō
Page 127 and 128: V PP S (293) Re-j kōnono ippā-n l
Page 129 and 130: This sentence includes a pause of a
Page 131 and 132: Sentences with internal subjects la
Page 133 and 134: Right dislocation refers to a proce
Page 135 and 136: (272) Rej bōkĜok bwiro ko [pause]
Page 137 and 138: Gundel (1974) and Chafe (1976, 1987
Page 139 and 140: 3.3.2.2 Indefinites A second diagno
Page 141 and 142: If we first investigate whether the
Page 143 and 144: The second context in which these s
Page 145 and 146: information status of internal subj
Page 147 and 148: Mokilese also allows variable word
Page 149 and 150: (329) a. Mwet sac arulac puhlaik. p
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 4. The Structure of Marshal
Page 153 and 154: V S (289) b. E-ju ni eo. 3s.agr-be.
Page 155 and 156: (339) a. Bilal e-naaj ke etal n#an
Page 157 and 158: (347) a. Kidu eo e-kar kōpl-e. dog
Page 159 and 160: 4.1.2 Adverbs and the negative Anot
Page 161 and 162: When combined with constituency evi
Page 163 and 164: such as wh- or focus movement. Sinc
Page 165 and 166: (364) AgrSP prom AgrS e 3s AgrS' T
Page 167 and 168: (367) a. R-ar bar unojidrikdrik kō
Page 169: correct, as illustrated by the fact
Page 173 and 174: vP coordination; and across the boa
Page 175 and 176: In order for this to be the correct
Page 177 and 178: (384) AgrSP AgrS e 3s AgrS' T 4.2.5
Page 179 and 180: features. Therefore, if the subject
Page 181 and 182: position higher in the structure th
Page 183 and 184: Given this ordering, if bar precede
Page 185 and 186: (398) a. Li individuano facilmente,
Page 187 and 188: (401) [R-ar tutu i ar] im [r-ar eon
Page 189 and 190: (409) R-ar tutu [i lik leddik ro] i
Page 191 and 192: However, there are two flaws with t
Page 193 and 194: phonological pattern seems to be on
Page 195 and 196: (415) AgrSPm tl AgrS r 3pl AgrS' Vj
Page 197 and 198: 4.4 The structure of sentences with
Page 199 and 200: *V S O PP (423) [FocP [AgrSP [AccP
Page 201 and 202: Table 19. Subject position with CP
Page 203 and 204: specifier of the verb phrase. If th
Page 205 and 206: But there are no sentence modifying
Page 207 and 208: 5.1 Introduction Chapter 5. Passive
Page 209 and 210: words, how do we really know that M
Page 211 and 212: intransitive form of the verb. Alte
Page 213 and 214: (444) a. R-ar lemelm jaki ko ilo mw
Page 215 and 216: (452) Ilo manit in Majel, leddik re
Page 217 and 218: Agent phrases headed by these three
Page 219 and 220: (462) *Nuknuk eo a-ō e-būrōrō i
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(469) a. Mon wia eo e-ar etal. plac
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c. *Irooj ro r-ar bōnbōn in leroo
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the stative form. For example, jebj
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Stative sentences also allow postve
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. E-abwinmake likao eo jān jine-n.
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c. *Leddik eo e-kar den#den# in lad
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Instead, Collins proposes the struc
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(514) This structure also includes
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(515) DPj amimōno ko 'the handcraf
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5.5.2 Sentences internal subjects a
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(518) In passives, the VP must move
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(519) AgrSP AgrS r 3pl In accordanc
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But in a sentence containing an ipp
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5.7 Summary In this chapter, I have
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verbs have two important properties
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The data presented in Table 21 show
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(532) c. *Kōrā ro r-ar lōmnak in
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Despite appearing to occupy the sam
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It is difficult to distinguish betw
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(551) a. Ri-jerakrōk ro r-ar i-tok
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6.5.2 Monoclausal infinitives - typ
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The subject may also be sentence fi
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(572) Kweilok eo e-ar ijjino in Wat
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(578) a. *E-ar kajjion# taktō eo i
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Wurmbrand shows that, in the case o
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difficulty articulating the differe
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However, dummy subject are not poss
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(601) AgrSP AgrS e 3s AgrS' TP T Th
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(604) DPj jaki ko 'the mats' AgrSP
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and incorporates with Voice. Thus a
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others. The behavior of the differe
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verbs that moved to X, we would exp
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internal, then the movement of the
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Chapter 7. Conclusions and Discussi
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References Abo, Takaji, Byron W. Be
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Chomsky, Noam. 2000. Minimalist Inq
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Kayne, Richard S. 1994. The Antisym
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Rizzi, Luigi. 2001. On the position
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