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Gundel, Jeanette K. 1974. The Role of Topic and Comment in Linguistic Theory. Ph.D. disseratation, Indiana University. Gundel, Jeanette K. 1985. Shared knowledge and topicality. Journal of Pragmatics 9:83-107. Hale, Mark. 1996. The Marshallese ‘Perfective’ and the Reconstruction of ProtoOceanic Syntax, handout from the Sixth Spring Workshop on Theory and Method in Linguistic Reconstruction, University of Pittsburgh. Hale, Mark. 1998. Diachronic aspects of Micronesian clause structure. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 43:341-37. Hale, Mark. 2000. Marshallese phonology:the phonetics-phonology interface and historical linguistics. The Linguistic Review 17:241-257. Harrison, Sheldon P. 1973. Reduplication in Micronesian Languages. Oceanic Linguistics 12:407-54. Harrison, Sheldon P. 1976. Mokilese Reference Grammar. Honolulu:The University of Hawaii Press. Harrison, Sheldon P. 1978. Transitive marking in Micronesian languages. In Second International Conference of Austronesian Linguistics:Proceedings, ed. S.A. Wurm and Lois Carrington, 1067-1127. Canberra, Australia:Pacific Linguistics. Harrison. Sheldon P. 1988. A Plausible History for Micronesian Possessive Classifiers. Oceanic Linguistics 27(1/2):63-78. Jackson, Eric 2005. Resultatives, Derived Statives, and Lexical Semantic Structure. Ph.D. dissertation. UCLA. Jaeggli, Osvaldo A. 1986. Passive. Linguistic Inquiry 17(4):587–622. Bobaljik, Jason and Diane Jonas. 1996. Subject Position and the Roles of TP. Linguistic Inquiry 27(2):195-236. Jejo, Eouddik, Laimaj Barmoj, Jerre Bennett and Nidel Lorak. 1979. Jolōt Ko Ad:Bok Jilu. Majuro, Marshall Islands:Delap Bilingual Education Project. Johnson, Kyle. 2006. ''Gapping is not (VP) Ellipsis,'' paper submitted to Linguistic Inqury. 274
Kayne, Richard S. 1994. The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press. Keenan, Edward L. and Matthew S. Dryer. 2007. Passive in the World's Languages. In Clause Structure, Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. 1, ed. Timothy Shopen, 325-361. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. Law, Ann. 2003. Right Dislocation in Cantonese as a focus marking device. UCL Working Paper in Linguistics 15:1-33. Lakoff, George. 1966. Stative adjectives and verbs in English. Report No. NSF- 17:Mathematical linguistics and automatic translation, I-1 - I-16. Cambridge, Mass:The Computation Laboratory, Harvard University. Lakibwe. 2004. "Kwelok an Netijela." Online posting. 8 June 2004. Yokwe Online:Everything Marshall Islands! Lee, Kee-Dong. 1975. Kusaiean Reference Grammar. Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press. Longobardi, Giuseppe. 2000. Postverbal subjects and the mapping hypothesis. Linguistics Inquiry 31(4):691-702. Lynch, John, Malcolm Ross and Terry Crowley. 2002. The Oceanic Languages. Richmond, Surrey:Routledge. Mahajan, Anoop. 1994. Active passives. The Proceedings of the thirteenth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, ed. Raul Aranovich, William Byrne, Susanne Preuss, and Martha Senturia, 286–301. Stanford:CSLI Publications. Mapsofworld.com. 2007. http://www.mapsofworld.com/marshall-islands/marshall- islands-location-map.html. The Marshall Islands Journal. 2007. Ebak an jemlok case eo an Dribo. July 6, 2007. The Marshall Islands Journal. 2007. Edik an UN letok jiban. June 22, 2007. The Marshall Islands Journal. 2007. EU ej letok jiban nan RMI. November 23, 2007. The Marshall Islands Journal. 2007. MEC ej jino naj komane injin ko. September 21, 2007. 275
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angele
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .
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3.3.2.4 Final subjects and right di
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .intrans intr
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many peo
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Marshallese teachers in Majuro: Isa
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VITA October 29, 1974 Born, Mesa, A
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Subjec
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Chapter 1. Introduction Why study l
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Figure 1. Location of the Republic
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their late childhood years. All con
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fewer then 10,000 speakers. These l
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phonological and information status
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three secondary places of articulat
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Table 5. Marshallese diphthongs (ad
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showing the orthography used by the
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Demonstratives also have a human/no
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(11) E-ar den#ōt ladik ro. E-ar de
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languages, in which "a disjunctive
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(30) a. Mary e-kar lotak ilo Namori
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2.2.5 Adjectives 6 Marshallese has
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When ka- prefixes to an intransitiv
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In examples containing the causativ
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However, this verb is more complica
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When the verb contains a high vowel
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(64) Oror eo, piik eo e-ar kokkure.
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(70) ar 'toward the lagoon side' ā
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intransitive or transitive form (if
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Ungrammatical examples, in which th
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2.2.6.4.5 Underlyingly transitive -
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(94) intransitive transitive Englis
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(100) I-lukkuun kōnaan eon#ōd ek.
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(104) Noun Verb Source at 'hat' ata
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an 'won't', negative future. (109)
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There is also an adverb that relate
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. *Kw-ar le ke lok mōn#ā eo n#an
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morphemes are possible. Based on th
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(141) Laddik nana eo e-ar etal im k
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In addition to the standard relativ
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(153) Leddik eo e-ar koot-e būruo-
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Table 12. Possessive classifiers 13
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(165) Bōlen i-naaj wia a-n Mary ju
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2.3.3.1 Verbless sentences There is
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2.3.3.2 Sentences with overt verbs
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(188) Ritti bwebwenato eo mokta ipp
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(198) *Ke John e-j kōnono ippā-n
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(205) a. I-jaje e-j ke ka-ire kaula
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ta 'what' (210) a. Ta ko kidu ko re
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with a plural agreement clitic (220
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2.3.4.2.3.3 Class 3 There are also
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2.3.4.2.5 Resumptive elements With
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equired in an indirect wh- question
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. Mary e-ar ron# n#āāt eo Jikko e
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3.1 Introduction Chapter 3. Basic W
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sentence final This term refers to
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have right dislocated subjects. I w
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But it is possible for the PP argum
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First, the subject may be sentence
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The generalization for those transi
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*V S CP b.*E-kōnaan pastō eo bwe
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V S CP b. E-ar jelā kōrā eo bwe
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S V (288) a. Irooj ro re-naaj ettō
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V PP S (293) Re-j kōnono ippā-n l
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This sentence includes a pause of a
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Sentences with internal subjects la
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Right dislocation refers to a proce
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(272) Rej bōkĜok bwiro ko [pause]
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Gundel (1974) and Chafe (1976, 1987
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3.3.2.2 Indefinites A second diagno
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If we first investigate whether the
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The second context in which these s
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information status of internal subj
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Mokilese also allows variable word
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(329) a. Mwet sac arulac puhlaik. p
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Chapter 4. The Structure of Marshal
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V S (289) b. E-ju ni eo. 3s.agr-be.
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(339) a. Bilal e-naaj ke etal n#an
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(347) a. Kidu eo e-kar kōpl-e. dog
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4.1.2 Adverbs and the negative Anot
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When combined with constituency evi
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such as wh- or focus movement. Sinc
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(364) AgrSP prom AgrS e 3s AgrS' T
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(367) a. R-ar bar unojidrikdrik kō
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correct, as illustrated by the fact
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Bajjek must precede the internal su
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vP coordination; and across the boa
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In order for this to be the correct
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(384) AgrSP AgrS e 3s AgrS' T 4.2.5
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features. Therefore, if the subject
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position higher in the structure th
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Given this ordering, if bar precede
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(398) a. Li individuano facilmente,
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(401) [R-ar tutu i ar] im [r-ar eon
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(409) R-ar tutu [i lik leddik ro] i
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However, there are two flaws with t
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phonological pattern seems to be on
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(415) AgrSPm tl AgrS r 3pl AgrS' Vj
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4.4 The structure of sentences with
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*V S O PP (423) [FocP [AgrSP [AccP
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Table 19. Subject position with CP
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specifier of the verb phrase. If th
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But there are no sentence modifying
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5.1 Introduction Chapter 5. Passive
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words, how do we really know that M
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intransitive form of the verb. Alte
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(444) a. R-ar lemelm jaki ko ilo mw
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(452) Ilo manit in Majel, leddik re
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Agent phrases headed by these three
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(462) *Nuknuk eo a-ō e-būrōrō i
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(469) a. Mon wia eo e-ar etal. plac
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c. *Irooj ro r-ar bōnbōn in leroo
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the stative form. For example, jebj
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Stative sentences also allow postve
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. E-abwinmake likao eo jān jine-n.
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c. *Leddik eo e-kar den#den# in lad
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Instead, Collins proposes the struc
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(514) This structure also includes
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(515) DPj amimōno ko 'the handcraf
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5.5.2 Sentences internal subjects a
Page 241 and 242: (518) In passives, the VP must move
Page 243 and 244: (519) AgrSP AgrS r 3pl In accordanc
Page 245 and 246: But in a sentence containing an ipp
Page 247 and 248: 5.7 Summary In this chapter, I have
Page 249 and 250: verbs have two important properties
Page 251 and 252: The data presented in Table 21 show
Page 253 and 254: (532) c. *Kōrā ro r-ar lōmnak in
Page 255 and 256: Despite appearing to occupy the sam
Page 257 and 258: It is difficult to distinguish betw
Page 259 and 260: (551) a. Ri-jerakrōk ro r-ar i-tok
Page 261 and 262: 6.5.2 Monoclausal infinitives - typ
Page 263 and 264: The subject may also be sentence fi
Page 265 and 266: (572) Kweilok eo e-ar ijjino in Wat
Page 267 and 268: (578) a. *E-ar kajjion# taktō eo i
Page 269 and 270: Wurmbrand shows that, in the case o
Page 271 and 272: difficulty articulating the differe
Page 273 and 274: However, dummy subject are not poss
Page 275 and 276: (601) AgrSP AgrS e 3s AgrS' TP T Th
Page 277 and 278: (604) DPj jaki ko 'the mats' AgrSP
Page 279 and 280: and incorporates with Voice. Thus a
Page 281 and 282: others. The behavior of the differe
Page 283 and 284: verbs that moved to X, we would exp
Page 285 and 286: internal, then the movement of the
Page 287 and 288: Chapter 7. Conclusions and Discussi
Page 289 and 290: References Abo, Takaji, Byron W. Be
Page 291: Chomsky, Noam. 2000. Minimalist Inq
Page 295 and 296: Rizzi, Luigi. 2001. On the position
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