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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake closed (two months of the year) and for a miscellany of other purposes. These loans go to vessel owners, fishermen, laborers and others who become reliant on the middlemen and bound to them. Some middlemen “own” or control landing areas, where fishermen landing at particular wharves are obliged to sell through a particular middleman. Some other middlemen have developed virtual control over fishing in particular creeks and areas, particularly in the Western area of the Delta, between the Indus and Karachi. They purchase the fish at highly decreased rates from the fishermen. A comparison of price in Karachi market and the price in Keti Bunder area is provided below: Table 15 – Difference between prices of fish and shrimp in Keti Bunder and Karachi S.no Fish/Shrimp Keti Bunder Karachi 1. Sano Rs.20 Rs.120 2. Jairo Rs.50 Rs.400 3. Kiddi Rs.10 Rs.50 Source: Pakistan Fisherfolk study report Figure 14 – Showing price disparity between fish/shrimp prices betweeb Keti Bunder and Karachi Rupees 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 20 120 50 400 50 10 Sano Jairo Types of fish Kiddi Keti Bunder Karachi Middlemen are often involved in local politics and seek to place their men in local and district councils. They often have other businesses associated with fishing such as gear stalls and ice factories. 3.5.8.6 Independent Vessel Owners (bonded) Independent vessel owners (which are usually whole families) work their own boats and are theoretically free agents. They are not generally, however, free to sell their catch to anyone since they have become indebted to middlemen, both for the construction/purchase of the boat and for running costs and living expenses incurred day to day. WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 83 of 188
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake In addition the boats may be, particularly if large, be “owned” by a group of investors, who also receive a portion of the catch. One may own the hull, another engine, and yet another net. The division of the proceeds of the catch after repayments is in Keti Bandar) reported to be:- • Net – 6 shares (“patti” or “pati”) • Boat – 2 shares • Engine – 6 shares • Owner – 1 share • Khalasi – 1 share (crew/labor) Similarly, and illustrating the variety of systems, the shares after an 8 day trip are also described as being fivefold with two shares to the boat owner, and 3 to the crew, the catch being owned by the middleman. Another variation, reported by Sindh Forest and Wildlife Department 30 in 1999 for large gill-netters and trawlers of 9 to 15 m length with 6 to 15 crew was:- • Engine owner – 2 patis • Net owner – 2 patis • Boat owner – 1 patis • Driver/captain – 1.5 patis • Crew – patis divided equally The same reference comments that on larger trawlers and gill-netters there is a system of at least 60 pattis (shares) with 50% to the owner, 6 patis to the captain and his assistants and the rest divided equally among the crew. In short the system of dividing up the catch proceeds amongst the crew is varied. Fishermen report being harassed by customs officials, the coastguard, the navy, American Naval boats undertaking anti terrorist operations and the Karachi Port Trust. These organizations merely add to their problems. 3.5.8.7 The contract system The contract system was introduced in Badin District on the inland sea in 1977 and was intended to cover the areas close to the Indian Border. It expanded until it covered large tracts of land and many water bodies, some in Thatta. Under the contract system the fishermen were obliged to sell their catch to powerful men who had bought contracts from the Rangers. The Rangers were meant to pay for their rights to the Sindh Fisheries Department, but apparently did not. Contractors paid as little as 7% of the retail value of the product (usually small shrimp). The Rangers enforced the system. This system was seen a very unjust and following agitation by the Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum the system was abolished in 2005. It has been replaced by a license system, and it remains to be seen how many of the existing fishermen will obtain licenses, and to what degree their situation will be alleviated. 3.5.8.8 Tuna fisheries Along the coast of Pakistan a very specific established commercial Tuna fishery exists the species belong to genus Thunnus of the family Scombridae. Tuna are great in demand in the world markets. Tuna fishery is exploited both from coastal waters and from off shore waters. In the coastal waters local boats operate with long lines and off shore fishing is mainly permitted to Chinese and Vietnamese factory ships. Locally caught species are Thunnus tonggoi, Tuna nei and Scomberomorues sp. Associated with the tuna species the local fishermen catch WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 84 of 188
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Disclaimer note - WWF - Pakistan

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