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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake 4.1 Mammals 4.1.1 Summary There is no significant difference in results of the summer and winter surveys of the study areas. The same 20 species were recorded from the study areas during both the surveys. However, during the winter survey, the population of Humpback dolphin was larger in different creeks at Keti Bunder. This is probably due to the availability of fish which they feed on. Moreover, most of the mammals particularly the nocturnal mammals were found more active during the summer survey and less active comparatively during the winter survey. The reasons seem to be the homoeothermy and the hibernation factors for less activeness of mammals during winter. The existence of Indian otter was doubtful in Chotiari Reservoir prior to these studies. During the present surveys both in summer and winter, the existence of this animal was confirmed in Chotiari Reservoir and Keti Shah and its population was estimated at both the sites. Estimated populations of mammals at different sites during two different surveys do not show any significant differences. For example, Hog deer population at Pai forest estimated during the summer survey was 18 animals whereas estimates during winter survey showed a population of 20 animals. During the summer survey 7 otters were estimated at Chotiari Reservoir but during winter survey about 12 animals were estimated. However, the locations where the otters were found during the summer survey were different from the locations during winter surveys. The locations along Nara canal where otters were found during summer survey showed no sign of otters during winter survey as the Nara canal was dry during winter survey. It shows that food availability, shelter and health of the habitat are the main factors. Local people as well as most of the conservationists believed that there exists the Asiatic wild ass in north eastern side of Chotiari. The present studies revealed that the existing population is apparently the feral donkeys known as “Asses of Achhro Thar” and not the Asiatic wild ass. There is close resemblance of these animals with the Asiatic wild ass and their coexistence in the same habitat with the Asiatic Wild Ass for the last 7 decades. Investigation through genomic studies is trying to identify if these animals are wild asses, feral donkeys or some race of the Asiatic wild ass. In this regard a genomic analysis of all the three races will clearly suggest that either the Asses of Achhro Thar are feral donkeys or they are a separate race or subspecies. Concerns about wild animals among the local residents are not much severe. Habitat loss and natural disasters affect wildlife species but the mammalian fauna of the area is facing serious threats from anthropogenic activities. The apparent low abundance of many large mammalian species is strong evidence that hunting and habitat degradation is having a considerable effect on their populations. A few wildlife species also create problems for the local people and thus are considered as problem species. The major concerns about wild animals in different sites of Indus for All Programme are the damages to crops through agricultural pests like wild boar and porcupine and threats to human lives from / feral dogs and snake bites. WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 117 of 188
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake Some socio-economic issues like un-employment, less education, lack of awareness, less availability of basic needs etc. at different sites are also important factors in wildlife conservation and management in the study area. 4.1.2 Species identified Over 40 days in the field (21 days during summer in June 2007 and 22 days during winter in January 2008) a total of 20 large and medium sized mammal species, belonging to five orders (Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Cetacea and Pholidota) were recorded from the five sites of Indus for All Programme. Eight species were recorded from Pai forest, 14 from Chotiari, 9 from Keenjhar, 14 from Keti Bunder and 8 from Keti Shah. Table 27 lists all the species recorded over the survey period. Table 27 – Species recorded from different sites Sr. No. Common Name Zoological Name Local Name Order 1 Asiatic jackal Canis aureus Geedar/Giddar Carnivora 2 Caracal or Desert lynx Felis caracal Siva gush Carnivora 3 Jungle cat Felis chaus Jang Billo Carnivora 4 Fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus Mash Billo Carnivora 5 Indian desert cat Felis sylvestris ornata Sahrai Billi Carnivora 6 Bengal fox Vulpes bengalensis Lumar Carnivora 7 Desert fox or Red fox Vulpes vulpes pusilla Sahrai Lumar Carnivora 8 Indian otter Lutrogale perspicillata Ludher Carnivora 9 Small Indian mongoose Herpestes javanicus Neola Carnivora 10 Grey mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Neola Carnivora 11 Small Indian civet Viverricula indica Kasturi Billa Carnivora 12 Hog deer Axis porcinus Para Artiodactyl a 13 Indian wild boar Sus scrofa Suar Artiodactyl a 14 Chinkara Gazella bennettii Chitka Hiran Artiodactyl a 15 Feral donkey Equus sp. Jangli Gadha Perissodac tyla 16 Indus dolphin Platanista minor Bhulan Cetacea 17 Bottle-nosed dolphin Tursiops truncatus Malhar Cetacea 18 Hump-backed dolphin Sousa chinensis Humma Cetacea 19 Finless porpoise Neophocaena hocaenoides Tabi Cetacea 20 Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata Bagra, Silu Pholidota WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 118 of 188
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