Disclaimer note - WWF - Pakistan

Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keti Bunder
3.2.3 Feeding habits………………………………………………….. 42
3.2.4 Habitat and occurrence………………………………………… 42
3.2.5 Threats and recommendations……………………………….. 43
3.2.5.1 Threats…………………………………………………………… 43
3.2.5.2 Recommendations……………………………………………… 44
3.3 Reptiles and amphibians…………………………………… 45
3.3.1 Sample locations………………………………………………... 45
3.3.2 Summary ………………………………………………………... 46
3.3.3 Species richness……………………………………………….. 47
3.3.4 Discussion………………………………………………………. 49
3.3.5 Threats and recommendations ……………………………….. 49
3.3.5.1 Threats…………………………………………………………... 49
3.3.5.2 Recommendations……………………………………………… 50
3.4 Birds………………………………………………………….… 50
3.4.1 Sampling locations……………………………………………… 50
3.4.2 Summary………………………………………………………… 51
3.4.3 Species account………………………………………………… 51
3.4.3.1 Summer………………………………………………………….. 53
3.4.3.2 Winter……………………………………………………………. 57
3.4.4 Threats and recommendations………………………………... 59
3.4.4.1 Threats…………………………………………………………… 59
3.4.4.2 Recommendations……………………………………………… 59
3.5 Marine fisheries……………………………………………… 60
3.5.1 Sampling locations……………………………………………… 60
3.5.2 Summary………………………………………………………… 61
3.5.3 Species account………………………………………………… 63
3.5.4 Environmental features of Indus delta close to Keti
Bunder...................................................................................
63
3.5.5 Current velocities as reported to be bi-directional
simultaneous currents…………………………………………..
63
3.5.6 Occurrence and conservation status of fish species
recorded in winter………………………………………………..
75
3.5.7 Threats and
76
recommendations………………………………………………..
3.5.7.1 Threats…………………………………………………………… 76
3.5.7.2 Recommendations……………………………………………… 78
3.5.8 Notes on the marine fishing policy……………………………. 81
3.5.8.1 Deep sea Trawlers……………………………………………… 81
3.5.8.2 Exploitation of fishermen………………………………………. 81
3.5.8.3 Fishing boat owners…………………………………………….. 81
3.5.8.4 Moles (Moleholders)……………………………………………. 81
3.5.8.5 Middlemen………………………………………………………. 82
3.5.8.6 Independent Vessel Owners (bonded)………………………. 83
3.5.8.7 The contract system……………………………………………. 84
3.5.8.8 Tuna fisheries…………………………………………………… 84
3.5.8.9 Fishing fleet……………………………………………………… 85
3.5.8.10 Fishermen engaged…………………………………………….. 86
3.5.9 Palla – Tenualosa ilisha………………………………………... 86
3.5.9.1 Scientific classification…………………………………………. 86
3.5.9.2 Introduction ……………………………………………………… 87
3.5.9.3 Morphological and anatomical features………………………. 88
3.5.9.4 Feeding habits…………………………………………………... 88
3.5.9.5 Reproductive biology…………………………………………… 89
3.5.9.6 Migration patterns of T. ilisha ………………………………… 91
WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme iii