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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake thousand families (with at least 8 to 10 family members per house hold) have migrated due to increasing poverty and land degradation.. • Over-exploitation of resources: Mechanization of the fishing fleet and increased demand of seafood for export and domestic consumption have Led to increased fish production. However, inadequately managed, it has added a tremendous pressure on natural stocks. Some of the resources have been depleted; some are currently over-exploited while others are under threat of depletion. Shrimp stocks have been severely over-fished and a major decrease in landings of important shrimp species as well as a major reduction in the size of commercial species is now noticeable. Resources of lobsters have already been over-fished and annual landings have decreased from over 5,000 MT to about 800 MT. Resources of crabs, ivory shells and some fin-fishes have also shown signs of overexploitation. No stock assessment survey has been carried out for the last 15 years, and the lack of information on the present status of various resources in shallow and offshore waters makes impossible the implementation of appropriate management measures. In the absence of regular monitoring of the resources, it is not possible to determine appropriate levels of exploitation of commercially important species. • Use of harmful fishing methods: Use of some harmful exotic gears began in the 1970s in coastal areas of Sindh. Two types of these gears, i.e. encircling net ‘katra’ and estuarine set bag net ‘bulo’ are considered extremely harmful to juvenile populations of commercially important species which abound in creek systems. A trawl shrimp net ‘gujja’ is also used in creek areas. These illegal gears have devastating effects on the local fauna and populations of commercially important species. Ineffective legislation and a lack of monitoring and surveillance facilities have resulted in a failure to prevent the spread of some of these fishing gears to the coast of Pakistan. • Lack of skilled human resources: Inadequate human resources and skills are found at two levels: within government structures, and (within fishing and fish farming communities. In most cases, fisheries institutions are inadequately staffed. Lack of trained manpower and suitable facilities in fisheries and aquaculture management organizations and research institutions are considered to be one of most important impediment to the development of both fisheries and aquaculture. This has consequences in terms of both the quality and the relevance of extension work carried out at the field level, with weak knowledge and experience is being passed on to fisher-folk and fish farmers. • Inadequacies in fisheries data: Pakistan faces problems in of inadequacy, reliability and accuracy of Fisheries and aquaculture data. There are a lot of inadequacies in the data collection system linked to poor sampling methods along the coastal areas. In most cases, fisheries data from Sindh are merely estimates and prone to personal judgments resulting in unreliable conclusions. Inadequacies in the statistical fisheries and aquaculture data collection system make the management of aquaculture, and inland and marine fisheries resources very difficult. WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 77 of 188
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake • Increase in pollution and environmental degradation: Excessive pollution from Industries and agriculture is proving disastrous for the environmental life of this environmentally precious region. According to reports more than 2500 cusecs of left bank out fall drain (LBOD) effluent comprising poisonous pesticides residues are thrown in the Indus delta daily. Besides about 300 million gallons, urban sewerage from urban areas and about 37,000 tons of industrial waste are drained into coastal waters. This pollution is affecting marine life and ecosystem very badly. Fishing grounds coastal areas have been badly affected by industrial and urban pollution. • Lack of infrastructure: Lack of suitable infrastructure one of the key constraints to the development of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors of the country. In the context of capture marine fisheries, no landing facilities are available at major fishing centers such Keti Bunder. Similarly, road linkages are insufficient and of poor quality. Other infrastructure facilities such as communication, educational and medical facilities still lack in Keti Bunder area. Problems faced for the transformation of products from aquaculture are similar. Lack of proper freezing facilities is another obstacle in increasing the shelf-life of fish. • Post harvest losses: Post-harvest loss owing to poor handling practices, and a lack of preservation facilities on board fishing vessels and at landing centers, is some of the most important factors which result in the poor quality of raw material for processing and consumption. It is estimated that about 70 % of the harvested seafood becomes degraded or even putrefied before it reaches consumers or processing facilities. Opportunities to produce fish meal are missed as almost all by-catch from trawl fisheries is left to decompose. A similar situation prevails in the preprocessing industry where shrimps are peeled under extreme unhygienic conditions. 3.5.7.2 Recommendations • Mitigating reduced flow of Indus River: which should ensure that aquaculture is closely linked to plans for investment in irrigation, irrigated agriculture and related infrastructures; establish a joint Committee composed of representatives of all Ministries dealing directly and indirectly with freshwater use, jointly engage in discussions and planning with other Ministries on priority uses, protection, sustainable development and increased productivity of freshwater resources, establish strong collaborative partnerships and processes to increase water flows in Indus River and tributaries and re-establish balanced water regimes/use, formulate policies concerning the reclamation and rehabilitation of areas affected by salinity, Monitor the impact of water diversions on habitats and livelihoods, and develop guidelines for the mitigation of negative impacts, support literacy, vocational training arid other educational programs in fishing communities; Support alternative and/or complementary livelihood activities in fishing communities through increasing access to credit and savings schemes and the provision of micro-finance initiatives. Activities should also ensure the participation of women and benefits from their involvement, in aquaculture, post-harvest and other livelihood activities, advocate for the allocation of marginal land for agricultural use to fishing communities who are affected by water diversion/limited release of water WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 78 of 188
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Disclaimer note - WWF - Pakistan

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