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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keti Bunder Figure 7 – Shannon and Margalef indexes for summer and winter at Keti Bunder Diversity values 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2.89 2.38 2.32 2.77 Summer Winter Season Shannon Index Margalef Index 3.3.4 Discussion More species of reptiles and amphibians were recoded during summer that in winter at Keti Bunder. Given the hibernating nature of reptiles and amphibians, thus is not an unusual phenomenon. The evenness of species was greater in winter than summer presumably because in summer there is more variation in the available species population 3.3.5 Threats and recommendations 3.3.5.1 Threats • The increased demand of seafood for export has led to the mechanization of fishing crafts, which is not only responsible for over-exploitation of fishery resources but also causing threats to un-targeted vulnerable and endangered sea turtle species through their entanglement in fishing gears or accidental capture. • Due to lack of proper sewage water and solid waste disposal systems, Keti Bunder area is heavily polluted. Extensive farmland and agricultural activities are causing pesticides contamination in the sea and ground water, keeping the fauna of the sea, as well the population of Keti Bunder, at stake. • All the lizards and snakes are regarded as poisonous by the locals and thus are killed on sight, without considering its impacts, ultimately decreasing the herpetile population. • Some of the reptilian species, which are protected under IUCN categories, are killed on roads. The road-kills of Varanus species (Monitor lizards) are self-evident and are increasing at a rapid scale due to infrastructure and road construction. WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 49 of 188
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keti Bunder 3.3.5.2 Recommendations • Public awareness regarding the natural resources of the area, their current status and sustainable utilization should be highlighted through workshops, seminars, posters, pamphlets and brochures. Efforts should be e to make possible the community and game watchers’ participation in such activities. • A comprehensive and regular survey for at least a period of two years of sea turtles landing on different creeks and sea snakes population dynamics is of prime importance as the earlier literature is out-dated and needs to be refined. • Establishment of small research grants to the young researchers and university students for different herpetological surveys of economically important species of this area and involving the locals through capacity building will also help in their livelihood improvement. • To protect and conserve the vital species of amphibians and reptiles, there should always be the signboards on the roads, depicting the importance of nearby heavily populated amphibian or reptile species and the speed of vehicles must remain within limits accordingly. 3.4 Birds 3.4.1 Sampling locations Map 6 and 7 show the observation points of bird surveys at Keti Bunder over summer and winter. Details of the sampling points can be found in the annexure document. Map 7 – Sampling locations for birds at Keti Bunder in summer Map 8 – Sampling locations for birds at Keti Bunder in winter WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 50 of 188
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Disclaimer note - WWF - Pakistan

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