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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake 3.8.3.1 Keti Bunder town area Two samples were collected from the Keti Bunder Town area. Sample KB- B1/A1is representing the surface drainage discharging in to Hajamro Creek near to Keti Bunder Town and sample KB-B2/A2 is representing the Keti Bunder Town waste water discharging in to Hajamro creek near Keti Bunder Town (Table 2). Since these two effluents are falling into sea, therefore the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQs) of Pakistan (for the effluents disposal into sea) are referred for comparison. It is worth mentioning that the time of sample collection (KB-B1) the water level in Hajamro creek at Keti Bunder Town and in the surface drain was high due to high tide which therefore flooded the surface drain. It is because of this the TDS and other related parameters such as EC, hardness, chlorides, sulphates were found higher than the sample collected from the same location after monsoon (KB-A1). This time the Hajamro Creek near to Keti Bunder Town and surface drain level were very low. The Waste water coming from Keti Bunder Town contains washing water (originally KB water /saline water) used for different purposes excluding the drinking water). The drinking water is an expensive commodity and comes in tankers. Since more water is used in non drinking house-hold activities, the waste water generated has high salinity/TDS and Ni content which is above the NEQs. The other parameters given in Table 24 were within NEQs limits. Table 24 - Water quality analysis of Keti Bunder town waste water and agriculture drainage effluent for pre and post monsoon Parameter NEQ Standards for Effluents into sea (mg/l) KB- B1 KB- KB- B2 KB- A1 KB- KB- A2 Remarks 1 TDS (mg/l 3500 33728 30208 962.0 25344 KB- B1,B2,and KB-A2 are high 2 pH 6-9 7.93 8.81 7.91 7.16 Within range 3 COD(mg/l) 600 9.20 51.5 10.87 75.84 Within range 4 BOD (mg/l) 200 3.05 8.75 4.81 12.64 Within range 5 Phenol 0.3 34 34 51 340.0 Within range (µg/l) 6 Cr (µg/l) 1.0 10.44 41.32 11.2 64.0 Within range 7 Cd (µg/l) 0.1 2.92 2.20 0.53 1.09 Within range 8 Pb (µg/l) 0.5 16.20 17.20 16.8 35.21 Within range 10 Ni (mg/l) 1.0 6.5 7.8 5.13 25.9 high 3.8.3.2 Keti Bunder Creeks Area The values of Keti Bunder water quality in creek areas were compared with the Coastal Water Quality Standards. The marine water quality values are those specified values which are considered safe for the marine life, fish, and mangrove growth. The results show that except for the phenol and nickel, the values of all parameters are well suited for all type of fish, prawn, and Palla fish grown in marine water. The cause of high nickel and phenol contamination could be WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 113 of 188
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake attributed to the increasing level of pollution (municipal and industry waste) entering in to sea from Karachi. Table 25 – Keti Bunder creeks area water quality assessment Parameter Permissible As per Coastal Water Quality Standards 1 TDS (mg/l) 29000-35000 (mg/l) KB-A3 KB-A4 Remarks 36608 30976 Within range 2 pH 7.5-8.5 8.0 7.94 Within range 3 DO mg/l > 0.03 mg/l 340 340 High 5 Cr (µg/l) >>0.1 mg/l 52.7 48.44 Within range 6 Cd (µg/l) >>0.005 mg/l 12.4 2.35 KB-A3 slightly high 7 Pb (µg/l) >>0.05 mg/l 13.2 30.06 Within range 8 Ni (mg/l) >>0.002 mg/l 19.81 23.06 High > Not greater than In Bhoori creek area people are using hand pump for drinking water, hence the sample was collected to find the drinking water quality parameters. The results of the tube well water show that the water quality is not very good, as it has the influence of the sea. The TDS and the salt concentration (calcium, magnesium chlorides and) were found exceeding the WHO drinking water quality standards. The nickel and phenol levels were also violating the WHO guidelines. Other parameters as reflected in Table 26 are within WHO safe limits. Table 26 – Keti Bunder creek area hand-pump water quality assessment Parameter WHO Drinking Remarks water Quality Standards (mg/l) KB-A5 1 TDS (mg/l 1000 1383 Slightly high 2 pH 6.5-8.5 7.39 normal 3 Turbidity (NUT) 5 78.0 4 Total Hardness (mg/l) 500 535±0.15 normal 5 SO4 (mg/l) 250 150±0.15 normal 6 Cl (mg/l) 250 505±0.08 High 7 Magnesium (mg/l) 150 335±0.13 High 9 Calcium (mg/l) 75 200±0.13 High 10 Phenol (µg/l) 0.002 34 High 11 Cr (µg/l) 0.05 12.13 normal 12 Cd (µg/l) 0.003 1.11 normal 13 Pb (µg/l) 0.01 12.2 normal 14 Ni (mg/l) 0.02 1.9 High The ± values show the standard deviation WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 114 of 188
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