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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake 1. Fish ladders in the middle as in G.M. Barrage are not suitable for fish to enter as fish avoid main currents where velocity exceeds 50 cubic feet/second. 2. Present Fish ways are constructed as 10 feet wide in the lower section, which reduces to 5 feet in the upper section. Such structure is narrow for fish to enter. 3. The Fish ways of G.M. Barrage change shape or direction which causes hurdles to fish to ascend. 4. Overflow weirs of the fish ways are not needed Image 12 – A view of G.M. Barrage. Talbot 1959 suggested following alterations in the existing fish ways of G.M. Barrage. 1. The fish ways of G.M. Barrage should be replaced by modern fish ways 2. The best location of the fish ways is at the banks of river immediately below barrage. 3. The velocity of water should be controlled at the raceways to 5 cubic feet/second. It is presumed that if these suggestions would have been carried out or experiments to see the effect of some changes in the fish ways were observed the Hilsa fisheries could be saved or at least its migration would have e possible beyond the G.M.Barrage. 3.5.9.7 Conclusions Keti Bunder the delta of Indus River is known to be second largest delta in the World. It has historic background and source for the high production of the Arabian Sea due to discharge of sediments brought by river currents from Tibet, the ultimate origin of Indus. In the historical days the delta was a hub of fishing, navigation and other activities for major countries along the Arabian Gulf. With the establishment and modernization of Pakistan several dams appeared that considerably reduced the size of delta because of the low water and simultaneously low sediment discharge in the sea. As reported by NIO scientists zero discharged is observed during the most part of the year while from June – September fresh water reached deltaic region quite infrequently. The river thus contributing hardly into the delta and almost no sediments are brought to the sea and sea water ascends the vast area. The impact of such conditions (no freshwater and intrusion of sea) are understandable by the loss of ecological WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 93 of 188
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake features, loss of agriculture, loss of fisheries economic destruction resulting mass migration of population. The matter is difficult to find solution however efforts should be focused towards efficient development of the water system so that proper fresh water flow is maintained. The biggest city close to the Keti Bunder is Karachi where growing population is causing extension and establishment of new ventures that hamper the environment and cause ecological disorder. Oil exploration in the mouth of Indus delta has been reported as news item of the “The News” of Friday, October 12, 2007 further with the increase of such establishments shipping activities are expected to enhance more loss to the ecosystem. Environment impact assessment program should be developed by agencies that operate in the region with regular monitoring of the situation by the concern Government department. In order to protect the existing ecological features of the region any dredging for oil or construction of harbor close compliance with International Dredging Conservation to which Pakistan is signatory should be followed and the national agencies should monitor the impact of such operations. Fishing is the major source from the region but has been under great fishing pressure which becomes more devastating by the use of illegal nets that render recruitment losses for fish population. These illegal nets are installed at fixed selected areas of the delta creating ecological imbalance eventually producing permanent loss of resources. The present extent of over fishing requires effective implementation of fisheries rules and laws should be ensured with close surveillance and monitoring practices. The more effective means would be to develop close coordination among fishermen, their societies and fisheries managers. Use of illegal nets in any part of creek should be prohibited by developing strategies relating to awareness among stakeholders. There exits scarcity of knowledge on the biological and ecological status of such significant ecosystem. Available data is either old or based on inadequate short term sampling efforts e by agencies. We are unaware of the extent of losses in progress given the variation of climatic and physical changes occurring by continuous and regular processes. • Regular yearly data collection to observe the seasonal impact on the ecology and fish production is essential for management of the region. Palla fisheries once the wealth of the river needs to be monitored through out the year. Construction of Dams/Barrages if required has to be associated by modern fish ladders consultation of fishery biologists. Modifications of the existing structure of G.M. Barrage to save the depleting resource of Palla are essential. • Socially the inhabitants of Keti Bunder are neglected and very pathetic state. The poor citizens have no houses, drinking water, medical facilities, bad family links resulting involvements in illegal, unsocial activities such as women and men relations, use of drugs at very young age, two years boy was e addict by his parents to “Gutkka” (recent observations), most of the fishermen are under the pressure of loans provided by few influential persons. • The Government and other donor agencies should take a close look of the social status of population and establish priorities to undertake development programs. WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 94 of 188
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Disclaimer note - WWF - Pakistan

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