A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry

108 INORGANIC AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY
with sulphuric acid (10 : 3), 4-5 volts, or (55 : 50), 4-5 volts. Observations were
made by G. Oesterfeld.
G. Wiedemann, 8 and W. Loewenstein have summarized observations on the
e.m.f. of cells of platinum against many elements in various electrolytes. The
e.m.f. of platinum against copper in various electrolytes was measured by
H. E. Armstrong, E. Becquerel, W. Beetz, E. Bichat and R. Blondlot, F. Braun,
H. Buff, J. P. Joule, M. Krouchkoll, L. Mond and C. Langer, A. von Oberbeck,
S. Pagliani, H. Pellat, J. C. Poggendorff, F. M. Raoult, F. Streintz, D. Tommasi,
and C. R. A. Wright and C. Thompson ; likewise with silver, by E. Bichat and
and R. Blondlot, E. Branly, F. Braun, W. Hittorf, J. P. Joule, R. Luther,
J. C. Poggendorff, and E. J. Roberts ; and gold, by E. Becquerel, F. Braun,
and F. M. Raoult. O. Erbacher measured the e.m.f. of platinum against polonium.
G. Gore measured the e.m.f. of platinum against magnesium with a soln. of many
electrolytes ; and of platinum against zinc or zinc amalgam with dil. sulphuric
acid as in A. Smee's cell was studied by W. Beetz, E. Branly, R. B. Clifton,
C. Fromme, G. Guglielmo, J. P. Joule, R. T. Lattey and M. W. Perrin, J. Miesler,
L». Mond and C Langer, F. Paschen, J. H. Paterson, F. Richarz, R. Ruer, F. Todt,
C. Wheatstone, M. Straumanis and co-workers, and W. Wolff. B. C. Damien
observed that with amalgamated zinc, as the concentration of the sulphuric acid
fell from 92 to 30, and O per cent., the e.m.f. rose from 1-264 to 1-345 volt,
and then fell to 1-083 volt. C. R. A. Wright and C. Thompson observed that
with platinum sponge or platinum black, in air, "with acid of the concentrations
1 : IO, 1 : 20, and 1 : 40, the respective voltages were 1-750, 1-628, and 1-681 ;
and if some persulphuric acid is present, F. Richarz gave 2-06. Observations with
other oxidizing agents were made by R. Ruer, and with zinc sulphate soln. by
J. Gubkin, A. von Oberbeck, and C. Hockin and H. A. Taylor. A. Crova studied
the effect of temp. ; and J. Thomson, and P. A. Favre, the thermal value of the
reaction in the cell.
W. R. Grove's cell is of the type Pt | HNO39H2SO4 | Zn, and it was studied by
W. Beetz, O. Behrend, R. Bottger, E. Branly, H. Buff, R. B. Clifton, C. Fromme,
C. A. Gruel, R. IhIe, J. P. Joule, A. Konig, R. Kohlrausch, J. H. Koosen, J. Miesler,
S. F. B. Morse, F. Petruschefsky, J. C. Poggendorff, K. Przibram, and J. Regnauld.
The theory of the cell was studied by F. Haber ; and the thermal value of the
reactions in the cell by J. Thomsen, P. A. Favre, and M. Berthelot. Cells of this
type -with other electrolytes were studied by W. Beetz, F. Braun, H. Buff,
N. J. Callan, R. B. Clifton, A. Crova, B. C. Damien, E. Dorn and B. Vollmer, A. von
Eccher, G. Gore, E. F. Herroun, J. P. Joule, J. H. Koosen, M. Kugel, A. P. Laurie,
S. Pagliani, F. Paschen, J. C. Poggendorff, A. Righi, H. N. Warren, and C. Wheatstone.
Combinations of cadmium and platinum -with various electrolytes were
studied by W. D. Bancroft, F. Braun, G. Gore, A. P. Laurie, L. Mond and C. Langer,
A. von Oberbeck, J. C. Poggendorff, and C. R. A. Wright and C. Thompson. Cells
with platinum and mercury with various electrolytes were studied by W. I>. Bancroft,
G. J. Burch and V. H. Veley, F. Dolezalek, F. Forster, E. Heyn and O. Bauer,
R. IhIe, R. Luther, W. Muthmann and F. Frauenberger, B. Neumann, R. Peters,
J. C. Poggendorff, F. Richarz, and C. R. A. Wright and C. Thompson.
E. Branly, and G. Gore studied combinations of platinum with aluminium in
various electrolytes ; A. Bartoli and G. Papasogli, P. Bechtereff, W. E. Case,
V. Karpen, A. Naccari and M. Ballati, F. Paschen, and S. P. Thompson, of platinum
with carbon ; F. G. Wick, of platinum with silicon ; H. E. Armstrong, W. E. Case,
A. Mazzucchelli, S. Pagliani, H. Pellat, J. C. Poggendorff, and S. Skinner, of platinum
with tin ; F. Braun, B. C. Damien, W. Hittorf, R. M. Raoult, F. Streintz, and
G. Tammann and E. Janckel, of platinum with lead ; W. Hittorf, and A. Bernoulli,
of platinum -with chromium ; J. C. Poggendorff, of platinum with antimony ;
J. C. Poggendorff, and G. J. Burch and V. H. Veley, of platinum with bismuth ;
E. Branly, W. Hittorf, J. P. Joule, J. C. Poggendorff, and L. Schonn, of platinum
with iron ; W. Hittorf, of platinum with cobalt ; W. Hittorf, and V. O. Krenig