A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry

34 INORGANIC AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY
§ 4. The Purification of Platinum
Eine Trennung der Platinolemente zu den schwierigsten Aufgaben der Chemie gehort.—
U. KAYSKR.
As indicated by E. Pechard, 1 the separation of the metals which accompany
platinum in platinum ores is une operation tres delicate. One difficulty is due to the
fact that the properties of some of the combinations are very different from those
of the individual metals. Thus, iridium and rhodium alone are not attacked by
cold, cone, aqua regia, but they dissolve when alloyed with certain proportions of
platinum. Conversely, an alloy of platinum and iridium is not attacked by aqua
regia when sufficient iridium is present. Again, platinum is not attacked by cone,
nitric acid, but it dissolves readily in this acid when it is alloyed with certain
proportions of silver (G. von Sickingen), zinc (H. V. Collet-Descotils), or lead (H. St.
C. I)eville and H. Debray). Many schemes have been devised for the qualitative
recognition of the metals present in a given specimen of commercial platinum,
or in platinum ores. W. Gerlach, and H. E. Stauss discussed the most sensitive
lines for the spectroscopic detection of Si, Fe, Ir, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru in
platinum metals. The ore or metal can be " opened up " by dissolution in aqua
regia, by dissolution in molten silver or lead and the alloy dissolved in acid ; or the
ore can be dissolved in molten sodium dioxide, in a nickel crucible, and the cold mass
dissolved in the acid.
REFERENCES.
1 H. Arnold, Zeit. anorg. Chem., 51. 550, 1912 ; J. J. Berzelius, Phil. Mag., (2), 5. 395, 1829 ;
(2), 6. 146, 1829 ; Quart. Joum. Science, 18. 162, 1830 ; Pogg. Ann., 13. 435, 527, 1828 ; Kong.
Vet. Akad. Hand!., 25, 1828 ; Ann. CMm.. Phys., (2), 4O. 51, 138, 257, 337, 1829 ; R. Bunsen,
Liebig's Ann., 146. 265, 1868 ; A. Classen, Ausgetvdhlte Methoden der analytischen Chemie,,
Braunschweig, 1. 259, 1901 ; C Claus, Beitrdge zur Chemie der Platinmetalle, Dorpat, 1854 ;
Russ. Pharm. Ztg., 1. 330, 1862 ; Joum. prakt. Chem., (1), 39. 105. 1846 ; H. V. Collet-Descotils,
Ann. Chim. Phys., (1), 64. 334, 1807 ; M6m. d'Arcueil, 1. 370, 1807 ; W. Crookes, Select Methods
in Chemical Analysis, London, 437, 1905 ; H. St. C Deville and H. Debray, Ann. Mines, (5)»
16. 1, 1859 ; Ann. Chim. Phys., (3), 56. 385, 1859 ; Chem. News, 1. 5, 15, 85, 1860; H. St. C.
Deville and J. S. Stas, Proces Verbaux Comite Poids Mesures, 153, 1877 ; F. Dobereiner and
F. Weiss, Liebig's Ann., 14. 251, 1835 ; JL. Duparc, Helvetica Chim. Acta,, 2. 324, 1919 ; Joum.
Soc. Chem. Ind„ 88. 822, A, 1919 ; L. R. von Fellenberg, Pogg. Ann., 41. 210, 1837 ; 44. 220,
1838; Phil. Ma&., (3), 12. 141, 1838; E. Fremy, Compt. Rend., 18. 144, 1844; Ann. Chim.
Phys., (3), 12. 457, 1844 ; W. Gerlach. and K. Ruthardt, Sieberfs Festschrift, 51, 1931 ;
O. 'W. Gibbs, Amer. Joum. Science, (2), 31. 63, 1861 ; (2), 34. 353, 1862 ; M. Graulich, Chem.
Ztg., 38. 2, 193O ; A. T. Grigorieff, S. F. Schemtschuschny, O. E. Zvjaginstseff, B. G. Karpoff,
V. V. Lebendinsky and N. I. Podkopaeif, Ann. Inst. Platine, 4. 343, 1926 ; H. Hess, Liebig's
Ann., 64. 267, 1847 ; Bull. Acad. St. Petersburg, (2), 6. 80, 1848 ; Joum. prakt. Chem., (1), 40.
498, 1847 ; H. C. Holtz, Ann. Chim. Phys., (8), 27. 559, 1912 ; (9), 2. 56, 1914 ; La composition
des minerais de platine de VOural, Geneve, 1920 ; R. Jagnaux, Analyse chimique des substances
commerciales, minerales, et organiques, Li6ge, 1888 ; E. V. Koukline, Rev. Met., 9. 815, 1912 ;
A. Laugier, Ann. Chim. Phys., (1), 89. 191, 1814 ; (2), 29. 289, 1825 ; Phil. Mag., (1), 44. 51,
1814 ; M. C. Lea, Amer. Joum. Science, (2), 38. 81, 238, 1864 ; Chem. News, 10. 279, 301, 1864 ;
11. 3, 13, 1865 ; Joum. prakt. Chem., (1), 95. 351, 1865 ; E. Leidie, Compt. Rend., 111. 106,
1890 ; 118. 468, 1894 ; 120. 1341, 1895 ; 131. 888, 1901 ; Bull. Soc. Chim., (3), 27. 179, 1901 ;
E. Leidie and L. Quennessen, »6., (3), 25. 840, 1901 ; (3), 27. 179, 1902 ; (3), 29. 801, 1903 ;
J. W. Mellor, A <strong>Treatise</strong> on Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, London, 435, 1913 ; F. Mylius and
R. Dietz, Ber., 81. 3191, 1898 ; F. Mylius and F. Forster, ib., 25. 665, 1892 ; F. Mylius and
A. Mazzucchelli, Zeit. anorg. Chem., 89. 1, 1914; Zeit. anal. Chem., 65. 273, 292, 1916;
S. C. Ogburn, Joum. Chem. Edue, 6. 1371, 1928 ; Joum. Amer. Chem. Soc., 48. 2507, 1926 ;
E. Pechard in H. Moissan, Traite de chimie mine"rale, Paris, 5. 663, 1906 ; J. Persoz, Joum. prakt.
Chem., (1), 2. 473, 1834 ; Ann. Chim. Phys., (2), 55. 210, 1834 ; Phil. Mag., (3), 5. 314, 1834 ;
Liebig's Ann., 12. 12,1834 ; L. Quennessen, Compt. Rend., 141. 268, 1905 ; V. Rekshinsky, Trans.
Inst. Pure Chem. Reagents, 2. 28, 1923 ; C. Ridolfi, Oiorn. Scienza Arti, 1. 24, 125, 1815 ; Quart
Journ. Science, 1. 259, 1816; Phil. Mag., (1), 48. 72, 1816; (1), 58. 68, 1819; Ann. Phil., 7
29, 1817 ; 18. 70, 1819 ; L. E. Rivot, Docimarie, Paris, 4. 1103, 1866 ; S. F. Schemtschuschny,
O. E. Zvjaginstseff, B. G. Karpoff, V. V. Lebendinsky and N. I. Podkopaeff, Ann. Inst. Platine,
4. 319, 355, 1926 ; G. von Sickingen, CrelVs Ann., ii, 372, 1785 ; Ingenhoues' Schrift., i, 419,
1784 ; Versuche Uber die Platina, Mannheim, 1782 ; H. E. Stauss, Proc. Amer. Soc. Testing
Materials, 85. 57, 1936; O. E. Swjaginzeff, Zeit. Kryst., 88. 172, 1932 ; N. A. Tananaeff