A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry

54 INORGANIC AND THEORETICAL, CHEMISTRY
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§ 8. Colloidal Platinum
Mrs. Fulhame, 1 in lier study of the action of reducing agents on metallic salts
in 1794, observed phenomena which would now be interpreted as effects due to the
presence of colloidal metals ; and the same remark applies to phenomena observed
by J. W. Dobereiner, and by A. Schmidt. G. Bredig prepared a colloidal solution
of platinum, as a hydrosol, by spluttering platinum electrodes immersed in jce-cold
water—3. 23, 10. The process was also employed by G. Bredig and R. Muller
von Berneck, A. de Gregorio y Rocasolano, R. Furth, S. Miyamoto, A. Voet, and
C. Ernst. According to E. Muller, the hydrosol is not very stable unless water
of the highest degree of purity is employed. M. Kimura observed that when a
platinum wire is heated to incandescence, and then plunged into distilled water,
the presence of colloidal platinum can be detected by ultra-microscopic examination.
H. Kuzel prepared the colloid by bringing the element into a fine state of subdivision
by grinding, cathodic spluttering, etc., and then treating it for long periods
alternately with dil. acidic soln. and dil. alkaline or neutral soln. under the influence
of moderate heat, and violent agitation. After each treatment the material is
washed with distilled water or other solvent until it is free from the reagent employed.
S. Miyamoto used the silent discharge, E. Jirsa observed that in some cases
the colloidal particles are probably oxides.
When a very dil. soln. of a platinum salt, say hydrochloroplatinic acid, is treated
with a reducing agent, the platinum which is formed may be in colloidal soln., or
a precipitate may be formed, which, when washed with distilled water, is peptized
as the associated salts are washed away. K. Regel observed that if potassium
chloroplatinate precipitates are treated with magnesium and hydrochloric acid,
colloidal platinum is formed. O. Loew, Kalle and Co., H. Schulze, E. C. Auerswald,
Y. Shibata and K. Yamasaki, and A. !Lottermoser obtained colloidal soln. with
formaldehyde as reducing agent in alkaline soln. ; K. Shigena, formaldehyde with
sodium citrate as peptizer ; I. Sano, carbon monoxide. N. Castoro employed
acraldehyde as reducing agent ; J. Sameshima, coal gas ; L. Garbowsky,
acetaldehyde, propyl aldehyde, valeraldehyde, salicylaldehyde, phenol, pyrogallol,
phloroglucinol, resorcinol, hydroxy-acids—salicylic, protocatechuic, gallic, tannic,
and quinic acids—vanillin and guaiacol. Benzaldehyde did not give a colloidal